steel antl, ose costes we Sie Composite Sections For Bridges MGComposite Sections For Composite Bridges Solid Cast in g3gl 5 Aguas Glad Ge Gs; Composite Sec! dso JSE gle steeldyS go Unie 5 place concrete -shear connectors: yb 42 aso! fo Unde Blo O5S » goed) EULU) 5 Blo si! ¢lLUl EsGshear connectors! sym5 fo 4 + dol deflections smly ¢lb5 Ge syle sa The Main Concept of Composite Action in Joley Gye dul y BLL! gw frictiond! Jales 3 al alu -1 Bam gle plus JS Layee GLdWlower fidersi) 45S Sous Aaslyll Jar ¥l 86 cosy SWE Mae Say Gow » dada LorersteelUupper fiberss| 5 aid steel I 5 Blatt ga JLSI) claw wie ShlLaadl ZUsteel IIs BLA gxfriction/! Jals gal Ly y satel y BL oe 35 Gye GU yo Ld LiL II 2 neutral axisyga> G2 go0 Sle 595 Gow Mie ule y steel I) ¢UA3 cays i SY y BLA ALI! dats i sly —_ J NAconerete /__ wa.eteet 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431 7 @®dyad y Blo BI) Ga Bde bbs,) Ale wl sliced pL 1s) UL yd -¥ steelS! lbs jo ik Gyoneutral amis of concretg,| San, Spud Leds g plod! pLLUl Go Gah Gywneutral axis of steel b! 4 + JB Gyw steel! 4 GL SII ge AGI) Wyo! yg! —N.A.conorete —-—- -—— f —NA.steet Blob! Ge AG) daly! Gl Ske 4 SY composites LLU! 4) UL yi -r Gle B35. Gere! Horizontal force) 4% Wi, wood 5 olitel phy g ABH SLeIg! Gl Sotey gag GU! 5 shear connector! ad 4 GLI Ge TEI Goll gaee Jas shear connector! 5) composites! ¢ Usa) 185 sols Jyed syne Mle 498) WS ule 5 — F f+ composite sec. ~Advantages for composite section:- 1-Saving in the weight of steel required about 20 to 30%. 2-Reduction in the depth of member which in turn reduce the height of a building. 3-Increase stiffness of the floor system. 4-Can achieve long spans that can not be achieved with non-—composite sec. 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-43 1 @-Advantages for composite section:— 5-Concrete and steel are completely compatible and complementary to each other as; - They have an ideal combination of strengths with the concrete efficient in compression and the steel in tension - They have almost same thermal expansion. 6-Concrete gives corrosion protection. 7-Concrete gives thermal insulation to the steel at elevated temperatures thus increasing fire resistance rating. 8-Concrete can restrain slender steel sections from local or or lateral torsional buckling. 9-Speed of construction, flexibility, and final fitting out. —Disdvantages for composite section:— 1-In continous construction, the negative moment region will have a different stiffness because the concrete slab in tension is expected to be cracked and not working. 2-Long term deflection caused by concrete, creep and srinkage could be important when the composite section resists a substantial part dead load, or when the live load is of long duration. 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431 6)Composite beams using metal_deck: a ~ Bian aa eta \ ___sosipean ~Methods of Construction:— 1-Without shoring (_Non—Shored):— When no intermediate shoring is used under the steel beams or the concrete slab during casting and setting of the concrete slab, the steel section alone supports the dead and construction loads. The composite section supports the live and super imposed dead loads. th shoring:— When the effective intermediate shoring system is utilized during casting and setting of the concrete slab, the composite section supports both the dead and live loads, shoring shall not be removed until the concrete has attained 75% of its required characteristic strength &, Transformed Area:— Fa line Lad Gry Ge Ws, steel U5 ll plod) ¢UaU) osod a n_. modular ratio cue nm gle Alo sI) n=E, /Ey E_. Young's moduls—E, =2100t/cent 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431]Important note:— steel! ¢Ua3 Jals pdcomposite)! pli N.A.JSI 4) Ue i- compression J Lo ,c0 Glo sII 495 Glsjdd! elas cos y O! gisy a Las) Idle gS ycompositel! ¢UAAU NASI g) UL gi sad Yoyee NA. SI Ges Asbo be cj —-t ——N.A.concrete concrete in tension AU) UL gd LL I le Gla Jol SY Uke 45% WS ule y 1—Neglect Composite section at negative moment. om LI gb wae GY Glos) aby) Polo qaled prey pb-1 tension JI Jat: GU! 8-Make Prestressing for concrete slab. comp.) Gls jJI Jalstensions! ulisprestressing)ac ply Laie Ls 5U shrinkages| screep J) 3yalb SyaxJ IanssshoredJ) UL 45- Jae gles composite sec. JI gle 34 ob modular ratio="3n”insted on "n” when design composite in bridges. Aas Sass dyalbereepI! YI M3yn Yo Yay In Jlaciwl ay y .long—term loadJ) gle 5 steel sec.J) gle Ultie dead loade JI (Ss unehored J) Ue 4i- creepd| 815 4% composite sect| glecreepl $6 Uke 555% WS dead loads J\| 14> pkecompositel) gle Uliiedead loads) 63% shored J) UL. gi- Vlei) slo SIL Aabae Yuli US 4 bte®l Wiereepd! Sb is! 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431nJlaciusly dead loads) Ux gin (yo Ju Bn Jlecisl Gb Ye live load NUL gicreepl) 86 sag: % GY live load JI UL i os Loyd! Ly) yle cloles v! & JB 5 steel flange JI {1% yi maz. Lary 9 Syl ge Gasp LS lola 3 638 AEs Sloe I 65.8 y! 6 Ide ga yore gle non-linear lobes GB py UY y GL BI! B gly abo yore yle Cub 69S =How to Calculate”b.” -The effective width b (from one side only) shall be taken the least of :— 1-(L/20), where L —~ actual span of designed beam. 2-Half spacing between girders (from center to center). Example of &: calculate be for edge beam and for intermediate girder tf: Lug, =30m, spacing betweeen M.G.=3.0m. t sap =200M, thaunci=5e™M, by=40em. 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-43]For intermediate M.C. For outer M.C. 1~be=b=8000/20=1500m. | —by-=3000/20=1500m., by =200m. 2-bey=bei=1500m. [-0,=150+20=170cm] —bey=300/2=1500M., be =20em. be = 204 150=1700 o be =150*2=300cm., be =1700em —ber 206m —! \— 40cm —Notes table of modular ratio E,,(Kg/Crré ) 250 300 400 | 2500 E, (t/Cr# ) 220 240 280 310 n 10 9 8 7 F, (Kg/Cré ) 17 19 23 27 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431 @Steps of Design for Composite Section: I-Loads on M.G. I-1 First dead loade TL jBUl L185 gf Usb y Byall JL ge HLe yay ow. of R.C. slab=t¥, =0.20%2.50= ...t/nt o.w. of steel structures=150+41+0.03L= ...Kg/nt. 3350Kg/ri 25 (Sy MWh scomposite Lh dy5 Dy! glacd Usted! ode 0.35t/m =o.w. JI Wyy=0.w.*a= .... t/rr where”a” is the spacing between M.G. 1-2 Second dead loads AsLe SII AS gl acy Vrd! JLo Il Ge syle F.C.=0.175t/m, Nhg=F.C.*0= tm 1-3 Live loads+Impact The same 60t , 30t vechile plus 0.50 and 0.30 th. distributed, I=0.40-0.008L. Wit+4 —_- some time it can be given as equivalant load so Wiper =Wrer*a= ... t/m'. it can be given t/m' or t/nf (*a=....t/m) get straining action _ Wat _ Wy, W= Um My tap , ar Raph EE A Myx magt, ux Nagle sy 2 Myr = Midet$"E , Quy Midetg*L , 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431Note (For unshored system)”My; will be carried by steel section, while "Myg’+"M,,,; will be carried by composite section (Lo Ld Jad LO Lads Gh ya aun! 2S!) (For shored system)”Mg;+”Mao'+”Myy4; "will be carried by composite section. (Ase SII LS ad Jee Gods Ul ge Tats! sacl) 2-Design Procedure of Composite Section be | by take hy= span = L 16-22 20 | Fee take ty=10,12 or 14mm. tmin=10mm. w 1) Qa+ti+I =0.35f, __. get tyy= ....cm. Tevtwt 0 7 + rt 2)hy/ty= $30 ___ get tyg= ....0m. ty if hy(1-2m)__- hy /tsg=190/ 5/5 if hy,(2-2.80m) ___ hy /tus =320//f, 7 Ay(22.80m) __ hy /tys =865//7,- get bigger of ty stw2-tws 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431 ®To get flanges areas: assuming non-compact section 0.58Fy = = Force in Flange. T or C c Area Total “A Meotat, "DP orc’ = Mtotat 0.98hu, (calms A get a total=A= .... ont. T, ALL f flange+1/6 web A= wn. om? =Ay t1/6Iayty get Ay= .... ene final upper flange area=2/34y *(1-e) final lower flange area=4/3Ay *(1-e)= .... ome Note "e"is ecconomic factor=(15-40%) take it 0.30 to keep flange non compact section, cube = acin Sy so assume "by =15-20 ” by=...0m, ty=...0em, by =....0m, f =....0em. shored or unshored (28%) (yo so l5 G9h) Lolo JoJI Check safety of the section| (for unshored_system)] Ag =hytyt bytytb; t, =....en€ Y= [hwtu(hy/2+% J+ br & (4 /2)+ Dubad nat tet tu/2)] 3H Ys = ~ be thot Pu,/2+t Yo + y lt 2% Febvte (ott +/2-% F Ip=....0mt 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-43 1Ay =Ag+1/n*b o*ty=....0m= Yu 1Lmbete (Y+te /2)+he % Ay Iy=IatAs *(Yy—Yo +1/nf bd, 8 /12+be t (Y+t, /2-¥, J ] Vy, Ye Meroe Ty) Mea (reteFe) tow (a3 1-Check lateral torsional _buckling(LTB). (in upper flange) loss) elts 6) Js Mae(y-¥, )m.nt/or® PFiry le 2-Check max stresses in steel flange Massy, + Maz oy, +Miu+rY, =.,..30.58K, . & qh L Mar-¥, d+ Mary, deMen(y-¥, )=.b0.58E, « 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431 @3-Check stress range(tension flange) 0.60Mirer #¥, =....p ——. No. of cycle=2*1 us Detail By Fyp-=1.02t/ent 4—-Check compressive stress in concrete [Maz fY-Y, +t, j+ Miter fy-Yy +t, f]*1/n=....275Kg/onk — % ss depending on f,—J 5-Check shear stress in web Baca et =.ut/om’ 0.85K, Fy =2.8t/em (st.44) Fy =3.6t/om (st.52) 3—-2-Check safety of the_sectio’ ‘or_shored system, Ay =(Pay tart bu tut br th )+ 1/n%be ty =....0n [—*—| Trytulhy/2th tbr th (4/2) 7 TO ¥, = L (ht ty +by/2)41/n%e ty (Yt /2)1 * iP | _ Ay ! Toa ahs rat ha / 24% -¥, 7 +d in 4t,/2-¥,F° + dutu(hyt ty +t,/2-F, | +1/nr[dete ‘+dete ea nye U2" 8n ipladieols Ag dye LY, Ay oble sole} ee A Ty, ¥y Ae’ priant 9 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431 @Lin platy 288 SAU Gina plated) Ally adetnkags, ervey} Li dood 1-Check (LTB). ASS Gl sap Je food 5 15 yal 3p, Oo) de toy Y AWS guseo upper flange) JWL » Glos 2-Check max. stresses in steel flange ay Yt Ag ¥j+ Men ¥, =... 30,58Fy « ae CH ern pepe (YK )=101.40.58Ry « 3-Check_ stress range(tension flange) 6M! *Y, =....38, =1.02t/onk 4-Check compressive stress in concrete ay (Y-¥,* +t eM (Y- Yo +te) yet fant [sane +t ttn Feeseee weke/end depending on Ry, 5--Check shear stress in web Sac fag Sonat =....t/om’? 90.355, 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431 ®Shear Connector oes LLU Leb! Ud Abey Ge UbLe ys Shear Connectors| composite sec.im|y clbas DLo II elas pesteel si plas Jet, WI Shear Connd\ Jlaxiwl gio gle aies Shear Connectow) ¢ly3) Slie » Steel I) ¢Uas y Glos! els by Shear Flow U ox UL! gle Jy! ya Shear Connectors! pruci gitw » min SN yo ols) pois SL! 33 J cyyShear Connector! Byad Glam py Shear Connectord) gy GUladl Glan py DD » Ab jes ah pd Ge 9 Shear Flow Yaoi jiShear Connectors) Jlaiut Shear Connector) 42 Gli! Types of shear connector 1-Non-rigid(flexible) GGT) 5 Lexie! ais 1-7 stud 1-2 spiral stud spiral 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-4312-Semi-rigid(channels and angels) channel angle 3~-Rigid(I-sec, T-sec., C-channel) Block Shear Connector 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-43] ®rRequirements of shear connectors L-Connection to steel flange Upper flange J) 52 3 Shear Connector) 4 Ales!) pslB 3) oy Shear Flow JK FlangeJ\ jx: 3 Connectod) 4 pl! 8 SU U3 gle 4 Shear Connector/| 5 Flange\ 2 gginal gle $$ GU Flange JI ja: 9 Connectord| (53: by 3 gl plo) dabue Glam py Jl ee lhe 4 Ue l Capacity JI lund plow! slept 5 la ye » JS) 4d) 4 Connector Capacity T_T __. Fe,*Area, weld (in case of L.L.) L__ 0.20Fy,*Area weld (in case of D.L.) 2 Uplift of conorete slab: ALU (Uplift) p50) 495 Aeglid Shear Connectors! prac wey Shear ConnectorS\ prac) AUS 9 Shear Connector tbo 5J! ByA5 Gyo Zs Lay lade steel flanged) gle Apr gec IS 55 Aoylad cometh 4,552) gi Shear Connectors) Jlomxin| steel uplift Slange 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431 @3-concret cover The minimum concrete cover on top of the connector shall not be less than 50mm. 4-Reinforcement in concrete slab ead) 49S by Licd SAW pos BL ALI! yd tol peacd ch bby Ug aunt! sty g! cay 9 RSL SLi Lbs y pect (developed length)aslo J) Jols 5-Spacing between shear connector of DRY Ol Gey Shear Connector C.L. to C.L. ga Vor 3) odgny UL 4d Haunchd) Atte isbo 5)! aby depth -max. spacing between shear connector. A) 60cm. B) Three times total slab thickness. C) Four times connector height. S-Dimensions of steel flange gay Shear Connector; Uaiall flanges! lew 595) 6) ary - websigl Connectors) yo Joo) JBL cam y Leniy csllad! pLUL Faaly Slats 4) local failuredgs~ joe Able 4 Shear Connectord| L5l~ ja) Asin J5! 4955 Gt Gey - (2.50em)25mm-steel flanged| 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431 ®LE >25mm ASé.6hg L 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431 ia [1 250mm Dimension of Honunched Composite Section| ay <1.5t leah re NeShear Connector J\ slay® preci Jac TiS odla;h Lb jas sll! Connector Ji gy Iy.0 oa! connector J\ le 3350) shear flow J) 43 4520-1 Sut) dag Cue Gye 5S! le 335d! shear flow J! Ly3 uikss, shored or non shored +l gw unshored method of construction shored method of construction t= Marva) *S 4 _ Qasr) *S Tysn Jun s= Ack si Acle n an Conector J) deglax Lo3:3 15 a0- 1” Ry] dud Conector JI eglic lar pid Ry| Flangetsl, Conector Ji les. ill plo Aeglie Gluny [Ruj=0.20F, *weld area [Reo'] Fog ge Yoloe jes loony Aah Jl Shear ConnectorUs Si g5 Pitch| Conector J! Gy Asladl oler y-t Pitch= Rao 0TR, (min) * @ 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431How to calculate Ry: 1-Using Studs: = Ta? bee d=diameter assume d=20 or 24mm. Reo=5-40*10 (Aga) (REo| code page 175. Fa(kg/omé E(t/em*) (kg fem! Jy gic yar) oy Bu 6) Abawe coy (Yom) Jl Lge Gaz gat!) pid Bo Ll 2-Using Channel Section: IL \ ast Lo =by-100em. Som T_T piten] i h=2/8t, choose sec. from tables ey ty:Web thickness of flange. Ft | ty:Flange thickness of channel “EH 80°10 (ty + 0.50ty)Le/Rubo ' code page 176. 3-Using Angle Connector 1 ae tm ET i i itoh| o =by—100em. 7 Le wu | h=2/3ts choose”L”sec. from tables [ A i} o=5.60410"° Lt PS code page 177. BL) uplift gaa Aagllly pale win gaee pladioel Jabal a eee SH Gs 9 Lel5/! gle 1/2 >0.45(Ree aie L diameter Yeild stress of the bar of the bar 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431 @grad) 09S Lab Aah! Gye bby Job gaol Gaw the bore Asbo) Glial! 85 5 prea! 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431 QDExampe(1) use st. 52 Wz, 7 PELL KV ‘—2.00—+ 4°3=12,00m: 2.00- A road way composite plate girder bridge, have a span of 29.00m, and it’s divided into 8 equal pannel 6.00m each, main girder is composed of 14mm and 2.50m depth web, depth of X.G. is 0.80m, thickness of R.C. is 20cm with haunch 8.00em depth consider Fo, =400Kg/cem? n=8. It is required to: -Using shored and unshored method of construction design a suitable composite section for intermediate M.G. Mgj=681m.t. Qu1=53t. Myg=127m.t. Qe=11t. Mie 1=576m.t. Wirt = 484 in Case of unshored System 1—Design Channel Shear Connector 2-Design Stud Shear Connector in Case of shored System 1-Design Channel Shear Connector 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431“Design for composite section: May=631m.t. Qar53t. Maz=127%m.t. Que=11t. Mie =576m.t. — Qr+1=48t. 1-Estimation of section: 1-1Conerete_part: effective width “fective width, a 200m a.0emS —\” sdem |= 500m F-700m ber = bel = [2.00m] from center to center ber = bel = 29.00m/20 = [f.45m| 450m. *2 290Cm 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-4311-2Steel_ section: from page 39 ——~ N=2,000,000 from page 41 Detail BY Ry=1.02t/ent stress=0.58Fy =2.09t/ené *. GaT= (6314127+576)*100 _ 1344*100 _ 5504, 0.987250 0.987250 o A=550/2.09=Ant 1/6*250*1.4 2. Ap=205en€ assume economic factor=15% Aupper=2/8*205*(1-0.15)=116er® A wwer =4/3*205*(1-0.15)=232.330m= use b=20t, 1 20tQ=116em, — [Eg=24om] b,,=116/2.4=48.3-500m| 1 20tf =282em, [iq =3.4om] 6, =232/3.4=68.2-{700m] 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-4311-Using unshored_ method: proprities of steel sec] =250*1.40+50*2.40+70*3.40=|708em. Y, =250*1.4*(250/2+3.4)+ 70*3.4*3.4/2+ 50*2.4(25043.4+2.4/2) > 708cem™ . Y, {107.19 y= 1:4°250' 5 1, 4%250(250/2+3.4-107.19)* +70*8.4(8.4/2—107.19)*50*2.4(250+3.4+2.4/2—107.19)* 1,=|7236431.41 7end proprities of composite sec, Ay=Agt1Mm*bet s+ 1/n*(haunch) |-—s0em—| assume it rectamgle 8.00m. Ay=708+ 1/84290*20+ 1/n*50*8s 1483cr0| Re 1/8*290*20(258+20/2)+ 1L8°50°O*( 250% 6/2) 708*107.19 83 Iy=7236431.417+ [708][107.19-194 PP +1/8[ 290*20 4 299420%(258+20/2-194)*] 72 50*8° 2 zi +1/as{ 50°08" +50%6(250+ 8/2194)" ]=16746435, B80 2900m ——| [Checks] | 7 oe LLL sm |} _NArresertie _ | eee arom 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431 @= Mary, )= __€31*100 __ (407.19) 40.93t/crré| S1> ft (le )= —apaeagz.are (107-19) zo t= er’, )=l1.24t/enk = Maz(y,)= __127*100 __ (494)-10.147t/enre| Js L %) re7a6435.85 ) Zh te 2 (1-¥, )-[0.042¢/ent! fp = Maz + (Ytte“Yy) <_127*100 _ «(255.8+28-194)'9 o08t/ont! h n 76746435.83 a = Misr (y,, = __576*100 (494) 10.664 Se h %) 76746435.53 4)-{0.061/enr ty a a (Y-¥, )40.19t/eré| = Myst + (Y+te—Yy) — 576*100 _ ,(255.84+20-194) [9 0354 jon el 7 oar eee geemek 6740400700) temo ewan Yer So=Setls th 41-737t/err| Sorta thy thy {147 2t/erre| Sy=SqtSs 40.0430t/cre| Check: 1-—Check max stresses in steel flanges: 15 ?0.58Fy =0.58*3.6=2.09t/er? §g?0.58Fy =0.58*3.6=2.09t/em. 2-Check Comp. stress on concrete G1=0.0406=40Kg/oré +h =110Kg/ent Fu=400Kg/cert 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431] @3—Check Sfatigud 100*0.6*576=0.6MLL +194-0.40t/orre >F,.=1.02t/eme “Ty=16746435.85 Lome Fee an 4—-Check shear in wel = 58411448 _ 2 = 2 a= SEAT IAS =0.32t/em? 30.35*8.6=1.26t/em: 5—-Check lateral torsional buckling Fo}F rrp Luge = 2900 om ta 20*50 = 527.04 em < 2900 Cm max v3.6 - So L.T.B may occur — 800*(50*2.4)*1.13 2900*(250+2.4+3.4) NOTE THAT 8 - we used the area of the upper flange, which is the comp flange itbt = 0.14 tent < 2.1 tom I= 2.4* 50°/12 = 25000 cmt TL n= 11.84Cm A = 50*2.4 + 250/6*1.4 = 178.83 cm’ _| Lu _ 2900_ Ht = 2900 244.92 a4 [Ets = 47 q 2900 Lu cri %=1778 = 11.84 em “ ne 10a [es gg [Lis — 188 |£13 =105 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-43] @_ 12000 2 Foz = “pqg.gh “113 = 0.22 t/om Ry =V0.147+ 0.22 = 0.26 t/om® So Fz >Firp (the top flange must be laterally braced during construction) 2—-Using shored method] proprities of areq Ay=14830ne Y,=194em. 1 y=16746435.830m! calculation using 37 gle Suan 8 ye Yay S8B=24=3n 4 LyyYy dy OSU gS yase Zant Man Aoon ©. Avg, =A +1/3n% t +1/3n*(haunch)=966.33cre Yug = 1520m. Iug=Te +Ae (Ye —Yan ) 3 > +1/8n[ dete + dg te (Yt /2+ thaunoh Nig) J=163578550rr% 20/3 - Steel Bridges CES-431 8‘s70st09. 12791006, 93951000454, 7ec100 60.8 Fyfoterane — egistO0erste =0.087¢/ont ~0.081t/omt 200m =0.004%/ont 80m. rg t00e104 sat 100ere2 se 100e168 =0.641Von? wo.tteven? = =0.8800/ont? (Checkg 1-Check max stresses in steel flanges:| Upper steel, f=0.204+0.081+0.40=0.685t/ené 42.09t/ent -Lower steel, f=0.64140.118+0.586=1.345t/ent >2.09t/emé 2-Check Comp. stress on concrete —Concrete=0.037+0.004+0.021=0.062t/em? >62Kg/cr® >110 '3—Check fatigue -. SAFE 100*0.6*576=0.6MLL ¥494=0,40t/eme >F,,=1.02t/em? "Ty =16746435.83 Vom Fer a 4-Check shear in wel -Shear= Sart Qast Gist 40.35F, Pevby = 53+ 11448 =0.32t/oné $0.35*3.6=1.26t/ore 250*7.4 .. SAFE 5-Check lateral torsional buckling - No check for L.T.B. in shored case. 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-43] @in Case of unshored System Channel Shear Connector h = 2/3 * 28 = 18.667 Cm take channel 180 f= ame ty= 11mm Le= 50 - 2*5 = 400m take the weld I; *Size Osuoll Size = twm from (%, t Channel or tuM.c) "a4em ‘take S = &mm Qay =53t. Ty =16746435.83 Cnt Que =11t. ¥% = 194 Cm Qrr41=48t. Previous Values for unshored Case Rep=3.80*10 {ty + 0.50ty)Le-/Fouko Reo=3.80"10(1.140.4)*40 * /400*240 = 70.64t Q=1/2Qa 7+ Qagt rep (unshored) Q=1/2*58+114+48 = 85.5t T= Os h 85.5*55038.375 Ry=0.20F, *weld area Ry=0.245.2*40*0.842= 66.56t ge 4c% Ak _ = —76746435.83 = 9-281t/Cm >. a ue % =72.: , (21*290)*72.3 itch= Reo 07 Ry(min) 8 tT . 66.56 S= 55038.375 Cnt teh= 7 5—7 = 236.86Cm © 2013 ~ Steel Bridges CES-431min. Pitch = 60cm. Sts= 3*20 = 60Cm (govern) 4*18 = 720m use pitch = 60Cm 50: 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-43]in Case of unshored System Stud Connector = | 290em ——| take ) = 24mm on 8.0em h = 4d = 4*2,4 = 9.6€m Tl Ago= Ta? _ 1*2.47_ 4.52 One — pete 4 4 —[-1-4 2500m use bolt area around bolt = bolt area ag N re om: Qar53t. I, =16746435.83 Cnt Qyo=11t. ¥% = 194 Cm Qui+1=48t. Previous Values for unshored Case Reo=5.40*10 (Ase) -/FouBe =5.40*10 4.52% -/400*240 ° i Q=1/2Q git Vast Qpzyy (unshored) Reo= 7.56t Q=1/2*53+ 11448 = 85.5t Ry=0.20F, * weld area Tt od Ry= 0.245,2*(3.1492.4)90.8 Ry = 6.25 t 85.5*55088.375 . = 76746435.83 = 9-281t/Cm Ac% _ be% Savane TEE itch= F so ory (min) (21*290)*72.3 Tt 8 6.242 itch= Cay = 44:120m S= §5038.375 Crt 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431 ®min. Pitch = 60cm. Ste= 3*20 = 60Cm 4*9.6 = 38.4Cm note that pitch > 6d in the stud = 6*2.4 = 14.4 Cm govern use piteh = 14.4Cm 36 = 24—|- 48+ Elev. | ima! Plan 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431 ®in Case of shored System Channel Shear Connector h = 2/8 * 28 = 18.667 Cm take channel 180 tw= 8mm t= 11mm Le= 50 — 2*5 = 400m take the weld Le *Size Osu! ( Size = tma from (t, t Channel or tuM.G) “take S = 8mm Qar53t. Ty =16746435.83 Crt I,=16357855 Cm* Qe=11t. % = 194 Cm X= 162 Cm Qrie1=48t. Previous Values for shored Case Design of Shear Connectors: b—o—+4, oft [Witout Creep] (Creep Effect] for DL1 + DL2:| (Creep Effect) st 40% _ ok t on 3n 21*290)*114.3 EEE = 29003.6Cné Q= Quy tQae= 64t 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-43] @T= as* ra D 64 * 29003.6 ‘ T= —Fe3578e =0.113t/Cm’ (Witout Creep Effect) te *290)* ga Aol . Aote _ (21*290)*72.3 _ scosg 75 cmi n n & Q= Qusr Q= 48 T =_aes h 48*55088.375 . T= —96746435.83 = 9-157t/Cm .. total shear flow = 0.133+0.157 = 0.29t/Cm' Capacity of Connector Channel Capacity Rep=3.80"10 (7+ 0.50ty)Le/RouBo =3.80*10 (1.140.4)*40 * /400*240 = 70.64t B-Welded Connection Capacity Taking weld all around the channel, take size of weld = 8mm Ry=0.2F, *weld area Ry=0.2*5.2*(40*0.8*2+7*0.8*2) = 78,208t Pitch= Rec 0tRy(min) 70.64 = 261.63Cm T 0.1134+0.157 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431 ®min. Pitch = use pitch = 60Cm 60cm. S3tz= 3*20 = 60Cm (govern) 4*18 = 72Cm 50 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431Exampe(2) use st. 52 —0,76m— ‘~0.76m.—|—— 2.00m ——!—— 1.5m ——" 2.0m: Four steel I-sections are used to support RC floor of a roadway bridge. The bridge has a span of 24 m and a width of 7.0 m. The steel girders are spaced with different distances as shown in the Figure. The RC slab thickness is taken equal to 20 cm. Shear connectors are welded to the girders to insure the composite action between the steel st.52 having Fy = 3.6 t/cm’ while the concrete has a feu = 300 kg/cré It is required to: (A) Design a welded monosymmetric section with haunched slab for the girders assuming nonshored system. B) Redesign the girders using symmetric section assuming shored system with constant thikness. (C) Design the shear connector for the last case. 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431(A) Mono-Symmetric section, non-shored system, slab with haunch: 1, Staining Actions: The staining actions for composite girder design are taken as follows: 1.1 Dead load (DL1): RC. slab = 20 em Assume own weight of steel structure = 200 kg/m* Thu = (t,* Vet ow.) x spacing = (0.2x2.5+0.2)2(2/2+1.5/2)=1.225 t/m My, = 1.225024°/8 = 88.2 mt — = 1.225"24/2 = 14.7 t 1.2 Dead load (DL2): ous Assume floor cover = 175 kg/mé Wp = fc. « spacing = 0.175"(2/2+1.5/2) = 0.306 t/m‘ My, = 0.806224°/8 = 22.08 mt ------ Que = 0-306224/2 = 3.67 t 1.3 Live load + Impact(L+I): Assuming W,= 2000 kg/nt I = 0.4 - 0.008224 = 0.21 Waar = 291.21 2/241.5/2) = 4.5t/m My, = 4.5224" /8 = 324 mt ------ 2. Properties of Section: uaF 4.5024/2 = 54¢t The prop. of section for composite girder design are taken as follows: 2.1 effective width of R.C. slab: 1-b=2400/20=1200m. or spacing/2 = 1.5/2 =).75r] ,or distance to the end(no end) 2-b,,=2400/20=1200m. or spacing/2 = 2.0/2 =[f.0m] be =0.75 + 1.00 = 1.75m.| take haunch Sem with slope 1:1 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-4311-Using unshored_ method: a-—proprities of steel sec.| 4,=40*2.50+20*2.50+ 160*1.00. y, =160°1.0*(160/2+2.5)+40*2.5%2.5/24 20°2.5(160+2.5+2.5/2) 310cm™ *. Y, =69.4Cm| I,= 1:0*160' 4 7.0*160(160/2+2.5-69.4)* +4092. 5(2.5/2-69.4)7.20°2.5(160+2.5+2.5/2-69.4)° I,+{1278329 om? b-proprities of composite sec] Fy=300 Kg/Cré n=9 Ay=Agt1/nBets Ay=310+1/9*175%20 = [699om! y, = 1/94175420*180+810*69.4 699 ¥, =130.9em. Iy= 1278329 + [310][61.5]” +1/9*[ ree +175*20*(49.1)*] =|3401327 Cm‘ Checks| 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431 @upper steel fiber| = Sac ¥, )=0.66t/ond) tye Ae (r-¥, )0.02¢/em?| Sy = Mut (¥-Yy )40.32¢/erd| Sort ty the =| -a00t/end lower steel fiber tye ta, )= —88.2*100 (69.4) =0.48t/c 1278329 Sa= 52 (%)= ee et (130.9) = |0.084t/cre| fq= pet (% )= S210 (130.9) = |1.25t/ené| So=Setly +f, 1.814t/ond| upper concrete fiber t™ -4e+ (¥+t,-Yy) — _22.03*100 +(185+25- 150.810 o04t/ort] n 3401327 Sa= Mut * tae -Yy) ~__324*100 ¥(105425- nse 9) To, 063t/ent| 3401327 9 Sy=Sat hs =0.067t/em?| 2013 ~ Steel Bridges CES-431 @(Checked 1—Check max stresses in steel flanges:| fg P0.58Fy =0.58*3.6=2.09t/orr= o?0.58Fy =0.58*3.6=2.09t/em. 2-Check Comp. stress on concrete G1=0.067=67Kg/cm? 3h,= 90Kg/ent 3—Check fatigud 100*0.6*324=0.6MLL #130.9 =0.75t/om? +h, =1.02t/ere I, = 3401327 Vom: Hee A 4-Check shear in wey q= IATES ETS SE =0.45t/em? 30.35*3.6=1.26t/em= '5—Check lateral torsional buckling F2}Fire Luge = 2400 em temas = 20720 = 2110em < 2400 Cm 3.6 - So L.T.B may occur _ 800*(20*2.5)*1.13 2400*165 F, Res = 0.11 tent < 2.1 t/om 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431 @NOTE THAT: — we used the area of the upper flange, which is the comp flange I,= 2.5* 20°/12 = 1667 emt TL n = 4.670m A = 2042.5 + 160/6*1.0 = 76.67 cm’ Lu 2400. 544 n 4.67 e4 {13 = 47 , 188 [t.t2. =105 [1667 %=|76.67 = 567 em « 24> 188 [ew n Fy 12000 44.43 = 0.05 t/em* wee 574? Ry =N0.05°+ 0.1% = 0.42 t/em?® So Fy>Krp (the top flange must be laterally braced during construction) if we use lateral support every 6.00m L. = 600 cm ‘tact Fy = 0.94 t/ont 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431(B) Symmetric section, shored system, slab with constant thickness: 1. Staining Actions: As previous My, = 88.2 mt Qy= 147 t 2.1 effective width of R.C. slab: As previous be= 1.75m 2.2 choice of cross section of steel section: Uglies Alia 4 pg) Lass Lobes Gf ULI ode Gi gl bo’ take h,= span = _24_ — 4.50 to 1.10 w 16-22 16-22 take h,= 160cem take t,= 1.0em| [as Before] from page 39 —_~ N=2,000,000 from page 41 Detail B) Rr=1.02t/ent stress=0.58Fy =2.09t/cnté +. CaT= (88.2422+324)*100 _ 43420 _ p76 94, 0.98760 0.98760 2. A=277/2.09=Apt 1/6*160*1.0 2. A= 106ere assume economic factor=30% Aupper or lower = 106*(1-0.30)= 74.2cmé use b=20ty tp=2.0em] »,+138em] 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431 @1-Using shored_method: a—proprities of steel sec. Ag= 3842*2+160*1 = 312Cne ¥, =[820m. 3 Iy= LOT6O + 3842*817*2 = 1338605 Cré n = 9.0 (shored system) for live load (b)Composite Section with] (; f.j=300kg/ert) Yy=__312°82+175%20*174/9 = 183 Cm (312 + 175*20/9) = 701Cné y= 1,888,605 + 312*517+ 175*20912/9 + 175*20*417/9 = 2816802 Cmé (e}Composite Section with (f,=300kg/er) n =8*9.0 = 27 (shored system) for dead load p———& % Y, =__912*82+ 175*20°174/27 =108.90m (312 + 175*20/27) = 442Cré YeYe 56. fom y= 1,388,605 + 312*26.9°+ 175*20/12/27 + 175*20*65.1/27 = 2118064 Cm* 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431 Y Ko 108.9tmChecks| 2268100664 BB00.075.4 — MBegrtO0ers 4 et “lm =0.088¢/om? gitivent gustevont 20cm @ @ ~ [emt et —| 3hem Sdn eS Tr Tp upper steel fiber san Mas 1%, eas + | + Pris, — Btt-1on9 WR100-109 Sg= 2 (1-¥,,)10.06¢/emi te =f (Y¥-¥n)|0.36t/ore| Sgt tls +h, =0.650t/ene] lower steel fiber tye Aa, )= p.45t/ome pe Hey, J= lo. 110t/orr?| te ~My (Yn)= |1.53t/ore| __ Nb 18OCIM y40m, 1.500 <0110Vent = =0.Ab oven f,=S, +h th =b.09t/om? 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431upper concrete fiber May 075.1 _ 88.2*100 «75.1 9 o16t/ent| Sen BT 2118064 27 A Maz 475.1 — 22.03*100_ + 75.1 lp oo3t/ene Joe ar *—Zr18064 27 A =Mizm 51 _ 22.03*100 +51 0.065% ‘one | Jone" -- ~—Zar6802 9 a Ly=Sythy tty =|0.084t/oreé| (Checkd 1-Check max stresses in steel flanges: —Upper steel, f= 0.65t/em? p2.09t/em? -Lower steel, f= 2.09t/Cri + 2.09t/em? 2-Check Comp. stress on concrete —Conerete= 0.084 t/em? + 90 Kg/om? 38—Check fatigud In=2816802 4-Check shear in wel q= TEER STISS =0.45t/em? $0.35*3.6=1.26t/em= 5-Check lateral torsional buckling - No check for L.T.B. in shored case. 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431 <. SAFE 100*0.6*324=0.6Mit +133= 0.91t/erre }Ry,=1.02t/em2(C) Design of shear connector: for DL1 + DL2.| (Creep Effect) st Ac% _ Ack t on Sn *20)* (175 20)°66:1 = 8489 Cnt The design shear force to be carried by shear connectors is Q= Qazt+Qae= 18.87¢ ect T= Ges" Risn 18.37*8489 : T= —3778,064 —— =0-711t/Cm for LL+I : (Witout Creep Effect) _Ac% _ Ac% _ (175*20)*41 _ ; Sa 88 = Ok = OE = 15944 Om = Quast Q= S4t T = Q's th 54*15944 . T= 3576.02 =9-306t/Cm «. total shear flow = 0.71140.306 = 1.017¢/Cm' 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-43 1 ®Channel shear Connectors: h = 2/3 * 28 = 13.33 Cm \ take channel 140 to 7mm 200m ty= 10mm | sdem|— Le= 38 — 2*5 = 280m Taking weld all around the channel, 1640m. 160Cm Size = tom from (t, t Channel or t.M.G) — 1.0 -. take S = 7mm 2.00m. A-Channel Capacity Reo=3.80*10 (t+ 0.50ty)Lo/Fouko Reo=3.80*10 (1.0+0.35)*28 * -/300*210 = 36.05t B-Welded Connection Capacity Taking weld all around the channel, take size of weld = 7mm Ry=0.2F,*weld area Ry=0.2*5.2*(28*0.7*2+7%0.742) = 50.96t Pitch= Ree 0TRy (min) _ 36.05¢ = 95.4470m T 1.017 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-43]min. Pitch = 60cm. Ste= 3*20 = 60Cm 4414 = 56Cm use pitch = 35Cm (govern) Tr]! [ 0 fe 60: 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431Block shear Connectors (must use anchor for uplift): taking cover of 5cm, height of block connector = 20 —- Sem = 15em, take length of block = b,— 2x5em = 28cm. Bus _280*100 T-Sec. HEB 280 UPN _280 28 Cm—| 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431use UPN 280 as block connector Al = front face area = 28215 = 420 cnt A2 = face area on the next connector after slope 5:1 assuming spacing = 25cm, so increase 5em each direction, A2 = (28+5+5)x(15+5) = 760 Cm? tL 760 _ 4.34 < 2.0 420 A-Block connector Capacity B-Welded Connection Capacity Taking weld all around the block (length= 28 width= 9) take size of weld = 10mm Ry=0.2F,,*weld area Ry=0.2*5.2*(28414+9*1*2) = 47.84t (govern) Pitch= Reo ork, (min) - __ 47.84t = 47.040m T 1.017 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431min. Pitch = 60cm. 8tz= 3*20 = 60Cm 4*15 = 60Cm Finally, use block connector 28x9x15 em spaced every 47cm, And anehor must be used to resist the uplift. 34 50. fe 2013 - Steel Bridges CES-431 9