Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Draw Works
Draw Works
CONTENT...............................................................................................1
Cap 1 Function........................................................................................2
Cap 2 Types and characteristics............................................................3
Cap 3 Main systems................................................................................8
a) Main drum.........................................................................9
b) Catheads..........................................................................10
c) Stationary brake (main brake).....................................12
d) Auxiliary brake...............................................................17
Cap 4 Power calculation.......................................................................23
Cap 5 Inspection....................................................................................24
Cap 6 Drawworks brake band.............................................................25
REFERENCES......................................................................................36
APPENDIX 1
1
Drawworks
1 FUNCTION
- Drawworks Functions
2
1. MAST & SUBSTRUCTURE
2. CROWN BLOCK
3. TRAVELLING BLOCK
4. TOP DRIVE
5. ROTARY TABLE
6. DRAWWORKS
7. DRILLING LINE
8. DEADLINE ANCHOR
- MECHANICAL
3
Figure 2.1 Schematic draw
4
- ELECTRICAL
Electrical system are normally used today on land rigs and is the only
system in use on offshore rigs. The drawworks are generally connected to
1000 HP D.C. engines, although A.C. engines are now being used as well.
5
- Connection Drawworks-Engines
6
ELECTRIC TYPE (Gear-Driven)
Figure 2.4
7
3 MAIN SYSTEMS
a - Main Drum
b - Catheads
c - Stationary Brake (Main brake)
d - Auxiliary brake
8
a - Main Drum
- Main Drum Diameter - The diameter of the main drum is a function of the
diameter of the drilling line being used. It is preferable to have the drum as
large as possible to reduce the number of wraps and the bending of the
cable.
- Fleet Angle - To reduce the wear on the drilling line, it is good practice to
keep the angle alpha under degrees. (see pictures)
9
b - Catheads
Catheads are winches with pneumatic clutch and are mounted on the
extremity of the secondary drum of the drawworks. The make up cathead is
located beside the driller's console and the break-out cathead is located on
the opposite side of the driller's console. The catheads apply the pulling
force on the hand tongs connections.
- Model 16 Spinning line Cathead
- Model 16 Breakout Cathead
10
- Employment scheme
Figure 3.4
11
c - Stationary Brake
- Band Brake
- Disk Brake
- Regenerative Brake System
- Description (parts)
- BRAKE HANDLE
- LEFT BAND
- RIGHT BAND
- BALANCE BAR
- Braking action
- Disk Brake
13
Figure 3.6 Disk brake
- Advantages
- Use
14
Figure 3.7 Disk brake
15
- Performance Comparison diagram of 3 brake combinations
16
- Regenerative Brake System
- NOTE: This braking system, is not able to hold, when the motors are rest,
hence the need for emergency and parking the disk brake system.
17
Types:
- Hydrodynamic Brake
- Elettromagnetic Brake
- Hydrodynamic Brake
- Description
18
Figure 3.11 Hydrodinamic brake schematic
19
- Electromagnetic brake.
20
- "Baylor" brakes
21
- Braking force
22
4 POWER CALCULATION
- Hook Power
- Drawwork Power
23
F = Pull to Fast line equal to:
P (Weigh on Hook) / N (Number of lines)
Vf = fast line velocity equal to:
Ve * = 2 R n (rpm drawwork shaft)
E= Efficiency of sheaves. This value (empiric)
provided by API in function of number of
lines.
5 INSPECTIONS
- Periodic inspections
24
6 DRAWWORKS BRAKE BAND
• The drawworks brake system uses coolant from the brake water cooling
tank to cool the brakes.
• As shown in Figure 6.1, the coolant enters the water union on the end of
the drumshaft, passes through both brake rims The coolant then returns to
the drumshaft.
• The heated coolant will then flow back to the coolant reservoir where it is
allowed to cool again.
• Use the protection of antifreeze, Inhibitor and water to best meet the unit‟s
requirements for its ambient operating temperature.
• The use of inhibitor will help prevent corrosion of the system pipework and
brake rims.
• Do not use 100% Inhibitor (Nalcool or equivalent) as this will increase the
concentration of antifreeze in the cooling system which will then increase
the concentration of dissolved solids and non-dissolved chemical inhibitors.
• Support roller and jack screws (item # “2” in Figure 6.2), located behind
the brake bands assist in the rolling action of the brake bands when band
lift-off occurs.
• When the brake handle is in the applied position, clearance between the
rollers, jack screws, and bands should be approximately ¼” (6 mm).
25
Brake Adjustment;
• Adjust the brake handle (item # „1” in Figure 6.4) height using the main
brake anchor eyebolts located at the front of the brake bands (item # “1” in
Figure 6.2)
• Ensure an even gap is maintained between the stopping blocks and the
brake equalizer beam (item # “11” in Figure 6.2) to enable even break band
application.
• Adjust the main brake anchor eyebolts with the brake handle in the up
position.
• Gauging of the gap between the stopper blocks and the equalizer beam
must be done with the brake handle down and the brake applied.
• Ensure the centerline of the keyway on the brake linkage shaft is 30° from
the horizontal when the brakes are engaged.
• Rollers should be adjusted to give proper band clearance. The proper
clearance is 1/8” between the roller and with the band brakes engaged.
Figure 6.2
26
Figure 6.2 Band Brake Assembly
27
Table 6.1
28
Table 6.2
Replace brake flanges when they are worn to the extent displayed in
Figure 6.3.
29
Figure 6.3 Brake Band Flanges Worn-out
30
Figure 6.4
31
Figure 6.4 Remote Brake Linkage Assembly
32
Table 6.3
33
Figure 6.5 Band brake components
34
REFERENCES
4. Saipem 23533775-RIG-BOOK
35