Terms and Definitions in ISO 14001 - 2015 - Where Did They Originate From PDF

Terms and definition in ISO 14001:2015 – where did they originate from?
ISO TC 207 SC1 information note

September 2015
The revision of ISO 14001:2015 uses ISO Directives Annex SL common terms and core definitions* as well as terms and definitions that are
specific to environmental management. This document sets out in a tabular form the comparison between the terms and definitions in ISO
14001:2015, those in ISO 14001:2004, as well as those in Annex SL, and notes the differences.
In accordance with ISO rules for the structure and drafting of International Standards, the terms and definitions in ISO 14001:2015 are arranged
in conceptual order relevant to an environmental management system. The numbering of definitions in Annex SL and ISO 14001:2015 is not the
same since the conceptual order is not the same.
ISO 14001:2015 includes at the end of the document the alphabetic listing of definitions in English or – if translated – in the language of the
translated version.
The document is available for free download on SC1 website https://committee.iso.org/tc207sc1
This document cannot be relied on by organizations seeking accredited certification when it migrates from ISO 14004:2004 to ISO 14001:2015.
Page 1 © ISO 2015
*Annex SL version May 2015 refers to Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1, 6th edition, published 1 May 2015
September 2015
Definition in Definition in Definition in
ISO 14001:2015 ISO 14001:2004 Annex SL, May 2015*
3.1 Terms related to organization and
leadership
3.1.1 None This constitutes one of the common
management system terms and core definitions for ISO
set of interrelated or interacting elements of management system standards given in
an organization (3.1.4) to establish policies Annex SL* (3.4).
and objectives (3.2.5) and processes (3.3.5)
to achieve those objectives The original definition has been
modified by modifying Notes 1 and 2 to
Note 1 to entry: A management system can entry
address a single discipline or several
disciplines (e.g. quality, environment,
occupational health and safety, energy,
financial management).
Note 2 to entry: The system elements include

the organization’s structure, roles and
responsibilities, planning and operation,
performance evaluation and improvement.
Note 3 to entry: The scope of a management

system can include the whole of the
organization, specific and identified functions
of the organization, specific and identified
sections of the organization, or one or more
functions across a group of organizations.
3.1.2 3.8 None
environmental management system environmental management system (EMS)
part of the management system (3.1.1) used part of an organization's (3.16) management
to manage environmental aspects (3.2.2), system used to develop and implement its
fulfil compliance obligations (3.2.9), and environmental policy (3.11) and manage its
address risks and opportunities (3.2.11) environmental aspects (3.6)
NOTE 1 A management system is a set of

Page 2 © ISO 2015
September 2015
interrelated elements used to establish policy
and objectives and to achieve those
objectives.
NOTE 2 A management system includes

organizational structure, planning activities,
responsibilities, practices, procedures (3.19),
processes and resources.
3.1.3 3.11 This constitutes one of the common
environmental policy environmental policy terms and core definitions for ISO
intentions and direction of an organization overall intentions and direction of an management system standards given in
(3.1.4) related to environmental performance organization (3.16) related to its Annex SL* (3.7).
(3.4.11), as formally expressed by its top environmental performance (3.10) as formally
management (3.1.5) expressed by top management The original term has been modified
from “policy” to “environmental policy”,
NOTE The environmental policy provides a and the original definition has been
framework for action and for the setting of modified by adding the phrase “related
environmental objectives (3.9) and to environmental performance”.
environmental targets (3.12).
organization organization terms and core definitions for ISO
person or group of people that has its own company, corporation, firm, enterprise, management system standards given in
functions with responsibilities, authorities and authority or institution, or part or combination Annex SL* (3.1).
relationships to achieve its objectives (3.2.5) thereof, whether incorporated or not, public or
private, that has its own functions and
Note 1 to entry: The concept of organization administration
includes, but is not limited to sole-trader,
company, corporation, firm, enterprise, NOTE For organizations with more than one
authority, partnership, charity or institution, or operating unit, a single operating unit may be
part or combination thereof, whether defined as an organization.
incorporated or not, public or private.
top management terms and core definitions for ISO
person or group of people who directs and management system standards given in
Page 3 © ISO 2015
September 2015
controls an organization (3.1.4) at the highest Annex SL* (3.5).
level
Note 1 to entry: Top management has the

power to delegate authority and provide
resources within the organization.
Note 2 to entry: If the scope of the

management system (3.1.1) covers only part
of an organization, then top management
refers to those who direct and control that
part of the organization.
interested party interested party terms and core definitions for ISO
person or organization (3.1.4) that can affect, person or group concerned with or affected management system standards given in
be affected by, or perceive itself to be by the environmental performance (3.10) of Annex SL* (3.2).
affected by a decision or activity an organization (3.16)
The original definition has been
Note 1 to entry: To “perceive itself to be modified by omitting the admitted term
affected” means the perception has been “stakeholder” and by adding Note 1 to
made known to the organization. entry and the Example.
EXAMPLE Customers, communities,
suppliers, regulators, non-governmental
organizations, investors and employees.
3.2 Terms related to planning
3.2.1 3.5 None

environment environment
surroundings in which an organization (3.1.4) surroundings in which an organization (3.16)
operates, including air, water, land, natural operates, including air, water, land, natural
resources, flora, fauna, humans and their resources, flora, fauna, humans, and their
interrelationships interrelation
Page 4 © ISO 2015
September 2015
Note 1 to entry: Surroundings can extend NOTE Surroundings in this context extend
from within an organization to the local, from within an organization (3.16) to the
regional and global system. global system.
Note 2 to entry: Surroundings can be

described in terms of biodiversity,
ecosystems, climate or other characteristics.
3.2.2 3.6 None
environmental aspect environmental aspect
element of an organization's (3.1.4) activities element of an organization's (3.16) activities
or products or services that interacts or can or products or services that can interact with
interact with the environment (3.2.1) the environment (3.5)
Note 1 to entry: An environmental aspect can NOTE A significant environmental aspect has
cause (an) environmental impact(s) (3.2.4). A or can have a significant environmental
significant environmental aspect is one that impact (3.7).
has or can have one or more significant
environmental impact(s).
Note 2 to entry: Significant environmental

aspects are determined by the organization
applying one or more criteria.
3.2.3 None None
environmental condition
state or characteristic of the environment
(3.2.1) as determined at a certain point in
time
3.2.4 3.7 None
environmental impact environmental impact
change to the environment (3.2.1), whether any change to the environment (3.5), whether
adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially
resulting from an organization's (3.1.4) resulting from an organization's (3.16)
environmental aspects (3.2.2) environmental aspects (3.6)
Page 5 © ISO 2015
September 2015
objective terms and core definitions for ISO
result to be achieved management system standards given in
Annex SL* (3.8).
Note 1 to entry: An objective can be
strategic, tactical, or operational. The original definition has been
modified by modifying Note 2 to entry
Note 2 to entry: Objectives can relate to and adding Note 3 to entry.
different disciplines (such as financial, health
and safety, and environmental goals) and .
can apply at different levels (such as
strategic, organization-wide, project, product,
service and process (3.3.5)).
Note 3 to entry: An objective can be

expressed in other ways, e.g. as an intended
outcome, a purpose, an operational criterion,
as an environmental objective (3.2.6), or by
the use of other words with similar meaning
(e.g. aim, goal, or target).
3.2.6 3.9 None
environmental objective environmental objective
objective (3.2.5) set by the organization overall environmental goal, consistent with
(3.1.4) consistent with its environmental the environmental policy (3.11), that an
policy (3.1.3) organization (3.16) sets itself to achieve
3.2.7 3.18 None
prevention of pollution prevention of pollution
use of processes (3.3.5), practices, use of processes, practices, techniques,
techniques, materials, products, services or materials, products, services or energy to
energy to avoid, reduce or control (separately avoid, reduce or control (separately or in
or in combination) the creation, emission or combination) the creation, emission or
discharge of any type of pollutant or waste, in discharge of any type of pollutant or waste, in
order to reduce adverse environmental order to reduce adverse environmental
impacts (3.2.4) impacts (3.7)
Page 6 © ISO 2015
September 2015
Note 1 to entry: Prevention of pollution can NOTE Prevention of pollution can include
include source reduction or elimination; source reduction or elimination, process,
process, product or service changes; efficient product or service changes, efficient use of
use of resources; material and energy resources, material and energy substitution,
substitution; reuse; recovery; recycling, reuse, recovery, recycling, reclamation and
reclamation; or treatment. treatment.
requirement terms and core definitions for ISO
need or expectation that is stated, generally management system standards given in
implied or obligatory Annex SL* (3.3).
Note 1 to entry: “Generally implied” means The original definition has been
that it is custom or common practice for the modified by adding Note 3 to entry.
organization (3.1.4) and interested parties
(3.1.6) that the need or expectation under
consideration is implied.
Note 2 to entry: A specified requirement is

one that is stated, for example in
documented information (3.3.2).
Note 3 to entry: Requirements other than

legal requirements become obligatory when
the organization decides to comply with
them.
3.2.9 None None
compliance obligations (preferred term)
legal requirements and other requirements
(admitted term)
legal requirements (3.2.8) that an
organization (3.1.4) has to comply with and
other requirements that an organization has
to or chooses to comply with
Page 7 © ISO 2015
September 2015
Note 1 to entry: Compliance obligations are

related to the environmental management
system (3.1.2).
Note 2 to entry: Compliance obligations can

arise from mandatory requirements, such as
applicable laws and regulations, or voluntary
commitments, such as organizational and
industry standards, contractual relationships,
codes of practice and agreements with
community groups or non-governmental
organizations.

risk terms and core definitions for ISO
effect of uncertainty management system standards given in
Annex SL* (3.9).
Note 1 to entry: An effect is a deviation from
the expected — positive or negative.
Note 2 to entry: Uncertainty is the state, even

partial, of deficiency of information related to,
understanding or knowledge of, an event, its
consequence, or likelihood.
Note 3 to entry: Risk is often characterized

by reference to potential “events” (as defined
in ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.5.1.3) and
“consequences” (as defined in
ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.6.1.3), or a
combination of these.
Note 4 to entry: Risk is often expressed in

Page 8 © ISO 2015
September 2015
terms of a combination of the consequences
of an event (including changes in
circumstances) and the associated
“likelihood” (as defined in
ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.6.1.1) of occurrence.
3.2.11 None None
risks and opportunities
potential adverse effects (threats) and
potential beneficial effects (opportunities)
3.3 Terms related to support and

operation
competence terms and core definitions for ISO
ability to apply knowledge and skills to management system standards given in
achieve intended results Annex SL* (3.10).
documented information terms and core definitions for ISO
information required to be controlled and management system standards given in
maintained by an organization (3.1.4) and the Annex SL* (3.11).
medium on which it is contained
Note 1 to entry: Documented information can modified by modifying Note 2 to entry.
be in any format and media, and from any
source.
Note 2 to entry: Documented information can
refer to:
– the environmental management system
(3.1.2), including related processes
(3.3.5);
– information created in order for the
organization to operate (can be referred
to as documentation);
Page 9 © ISO 2015
September 2015
– evidence of results achieved (can be
referred to as records)
3.3.3 None None
life cycle
consecutive and interlinked stages of a
product (or service) system, from raw
material acquisition or generation from
natural resources to final disposal
Note 1 to entry: The life cycle stages include

acquisition of raw materials, design,
production, transportation/ delivery, use, end-
of-life treatment and final disposal.
[SOURCE: ISO 14044:2006, 3.1, modified ―
The words “(or service)” have been added to
the definition and Note 1 to entry has been
added.]
outsource (verb) terms and core definitions for ISO
make an arrangement where an external management system standards given in
organization (3.1.4) performs part of an Annex SL* (3.14).
organization’s function or process (3.3.5)
Note 1 to entry: An external organization is

outside the scope of the management
system (3.1.1), although the outsourced
function or process is within the scope.
process terms and core definitions for ISO
set of interrelated or interacting activities management system standards given in
which transforms inputs into outputs Annex SL* (3.12).
Note 1 to entry: A process can be The original definition has been

documented or not. modified by adding Note 1 to entry.
Page 10 © ISO 2015
September 2015
3.4 Terms related to performance
evaluation and improvement
audit internal audit terms and core definitions for ISO
systematic, independent and documented systematic, independent and documented management system standards given in
process (3.3.5) for obtaining audit evidence process for obtaining audit evidence and Annex SL* (3.17).
and evaluating it objectively to determine the evaluating it objectively to determine the The original definition has been
extent to which the audit criteria are fulfilled extent to which the environmental modified by modifying the Notes to
management system audit criteria set by the entry.
Note 1 to entry: An internal audit is organization (3.16) are fulfilled
conducted by the organization (3.1.4) itself, or
by an external party on its behalf. NOTE In many cases, particularly in smaller
organizations, independence can be
Note 2 to entry: An audit can be a combined demonstrated by the freedom from
audit (combining two or more disciplines). responsibility for the activity being audited.
Note 3 to entry: Independence can be

demonstrated by the freedom from
responsibility for the activity being audited or
freedom from bias and conflict of interest.
Note 4 to entry: “Audit evidence” consists of

records, statements of fact or other
information which are relevant to the audit
criteria and are verifiable; and “audit criteria”
are the set of policies, procedures or
requirements (3.2.8) used as a reference
against which audit evidence is compared, as
defined in ISO 19011:2011, 3.3 and 3.2
respectively.
conformity terms and core definitions for ISO
fulfilment of a requirement (3.2.8) management system standards given in
Annex SL* (3.18).
Page 11 © ISO 2015
September 2015

nonconformity Nonconformity terms and core definitions for ISO
non-fulfilment of a requirement (3.2.8) non-fulfilment of a requirement management system standards given in
[ISO 9000:2000, 3.6.2] Annex SL* (3.19).
Note 1 to entry: Nonconformity relates to The original definition has been
requirements in this International Standard modified by adding Note 1 to entry.
and additional environmental management
system (3.1.2) requirements that an
organization (3.1.4) establishes for itself.
corrective action corrective action terms and core definitions for ISO
action to eliminate the cause of a action to eliminate the cause of a detected management system standards given in
nonconformity (3.4.3) and to prevent nonconformity (3.15) Annex SL* (3.20).
recurrence
Note 1 to entry: There can be more than one modified by adding Note 1 to entry.
cause for a nonconformity.
continual improvement continual improvement terms and core definitions for ISO
recurring activity to enhance performance recurring process of enhancing the management system standards given in
(3.4.10) environmental management system (3.8) in Annex SL* (3.21).
order to achieve improvements in overall
Note 1 to entry: Enhancing performance environmental performance (3.10) consistent The original definition has been
relates to the use of the environmental with the organization's (3.16) environmental modified by adding Notes 1 and 2 to
management system (3.1.2) to enhance policy (3.11) entry.
environmental performance (3.4.11)
consistent with the organization's (3.1.4) NOTE The process need not take place in all
environmental policy (3.1.3). areas of activity simultaneously.
Note 2 to entry: The activity need not take

place in all areas simultaneously, or without
interruption.
Page 12 © ISO 2015
September 2015
effectiveness terms and core definitions for ISO
extent to which planned activities are realized management system standards given in
and planned results achieved Annex SL* (3.6).
3.4.7 None None

indicator
measurable representation of the condition or
status of operations, management or
conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 14031:2013, 3.15]
monitoring terms and core definitions for ISO
determining the status of a system, a process management system standards given in
(3.3.5) or an activity Annex SL* (3.15).
Note 1 to entry: To determine the status,

there might be a need to check, supervise or
critically observe.
measurement terms and core definitions for ISO
process (3.3.5) to determine a value management system standards given in
Annex SL* (3.16).
performance terms and core definitions for ISO
measurable result management system standards given in
Annex SL* (3.13).
Note 1 to entry: Performance can relate
either to quantitative or qualitative findings.
Note 2 to entry: Performance can relate to

the management of activities, processes
(3.3.5), products (including services),
systems or organizations (3.1.4).
Page 13 © ISO 2015
September 2015
3.4.11 3.10
environmental performance environmental performance
performance (3.4.10) related to the measurable results of an organization's (3.16)
management of environmental aspects management of its environmental aspects
(3.2.2) (3.6)
Note 1 to entry: For an environmental NOTE In the context of environmental

management system (3.1.2), results can be management systems (3.8), results can be
measured against the organization's (3.1.4) measured against the organization's (3.16)
environmental policy (3.1.3), environmental environmental policy (3.11), environmental
objectives (3.2.6) or other criteria, using objectives (3.9), environmental targets (3.12)
indicators (3.4.7). and other environmental performance
requirements.
Page 14 © ISO 2015
September 2015
The following terms and definitions from ISO 14001:2004 do not appear in ISO 14001:2015.
Terms in ISO 14001:2004 with no equivalent in ISO 14001:2015 or in Annex SL
Terms in ISO 14001:2004 What has happened in ISO 14001:2015

3.19 The new concept introduced in Annex SL of ‘documented
procedure information’ replaces the terms procedure and records’.
specified way to carry out an activity or a process
NOTE 1 Procedures can be documented or not.
NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 9000:2000, 3.4.5.
3.12 Covered as a note in definition of objectives from Annex SL.
environmental target
detailed performance requirement, applicable to the organization
(3.16) or parts thereof, that arises from the environmental
objectives (3.9) and that needs to be set and met in order to
achieve those objectives
3.17 Covered as part of definition of corrective action which now refers
preventive action to ‘preventive’.
action to eliminate the cause of a potential nonconformity (3.15)
3.20 The new concept introduced in Annex SL of ‘documented
record information’ replaces the terms procedure and records’.
document (3.4) stating results achieved or providing evidence of
activities performed
NOTE Adapted from ISO 9000:2000, 3.7.6.
Page 15 © ISO 2015

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Terms and definition in ISO 14001:2015 – where did they originate from?

ISO TC 207 SC1 information note

The document is available for free download on SC1 website https://committee.iso.org/tc207sc1

Page 1 © ISO 2015

Note 2 to entry: The system elements include

Note 3 to entry: The scope of a management

NOTE 1 A management system is a set of

NOTE 2 A management system includes

Note 1 to entry: Top management has the

Note 2 to entry: If the scope of the

3.2 Terms related to planning

3.2.1 3.5 None

Page 4 © ISO 2015

Note 2 to entry: Surroundings can be

Note 2 to entry: Significant environmental

Page 5 © ISO 2015

Note 3 to entry: An objective can be

Note 2 to entry: A specified requirement is

Note 3 to entry: Requirements other than

Note 1 to entry: Compliance obligations are

Note 2 to entry: Compliance obligations can

3.2.10 None This constitutes one of the common

Note 2 to entry: Uncertainty is the state, even

Note 3 to entry: Risk is often characterized

Note 4 to entry: Risk is often expressed in

3.3 Terms related to support and

Note 1 to entry: The life cycle stages include

Note 1 to entry: An external organization is

Note 1 to entry: A process can be The original definition has been

Note 3 to entry: Independence can be

Note 4 to entry: “Audit evidence” consists of

3.4.3 3.15 This constitutes one of the common

Note 2 to entry: The activity need not take

3.4.7 None None

Note 1 to entry: To determine the status,

Note 2 to entry: Performance can relate to

Note 1 to entry: For an environmental NOTE In the context of environmental

Page 14 © ISO 2015

Terms in ISO 14001:2004 with no equivalent in ISO 14001:2015 or in Annex SL

Terms in ISO 14001:2004 What has happened in ISO 14001:2015

Page 15 © ISO 2015

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