ALL TERMINOLOGIES FOR GEOMETRY (4TH MT)
 Compass and straightedge are the materials needed
UNDEFINED TERMS
There are three undefined terms in geometry: point,
line, and plane. The reason they are called ”undefined”
even though they could be described is that, these are
the terms that do not need to be defined formally in
order for us to understand them.
1. Point – a little speck in a large space; no size, no
shape, no amount of space occupied (dimension);
represented by a dot
2. Line – a set of infinite points drawn following
opposite directions without end; a set of points
extended to opposite directions; named using any
two points on the line.
PARTS OF A LINE:
a. Line segment – a part of a line with two
endpoints
b. Ray – a part of a line with one endpoint
3. Plane – flat surface with no thickness but has length
and width.
ANGLES AND ANGLE PAIRS
Classification of angles according to size:
1. right angle – measures exactly 90˚
2. acute angle – measures less than 90˚
3. obtuse angle – more than 90˚
4. reflex angle – more than 180˚ but less than 360˚
Protractor – used to measure an angle
Degree – unit in measuring angles
Relationships of angles based on measurement
1. complementary angles – angles whose sum of
measurements is 90˚
2. supplementary angles – the sum of their measure is
180˚
3. congruent angles – angles with the same
measurement
Angle Pairs:
1. Vertical angles – two congruent, opposite angles
2. Adjacent angles – angles with common side and
common vertex but no common interior point
3. Linear pair – form by intersecting lines; must be
adjacent and supplementary
ANGLES FORMED BY PARALLEL LINES CUT BY A
TRANSVERSAL
 Transversal – a line cutting across two parallel lines
 Alternate interior angle – angles on “opposite” sides
(right and left) “inside” the parallel lines
 Alternate exterior angles – angles on the “opposite”
sides (right and left) “outside” the parallel lines
 Corresponding angles – same
measurement/congruent
BISECTING LINE SEGMENTS AND ANGLES
in bisecting line segments and angles.
POLYGONS
 Polygon – came from the Greek words poly (many)
and gonia (angles); a closed figure made up of line
segments joined together
 Concave polygon – line can cross more than two
sides
 Convex polygon- a line drawn cannot cross more
than two sides of the polygon
Parts of a polygon
 Sides – segments that make up the polygon
 Vertex – point where two line segments meet to
form an angle
 Diagonal – line connecting two vertices but not a
side
 Interior angle – angle formed by two adjacent sides
inside the polygon
 Exterior angle – angle formed by two adjacent sides
outside the polygon
Polygons:
 Triangle – polygon with 3 sides
o Right triangle – triangle with one right angle
o Acute triangle – triangle with all acute angles
o Obtuse triangle – triangle with one obtuse angle
o Equiangular triangle – triangle with 3 equal
angles
o Scalene triangle – triangle with different lengths
of sides
o Isosceles triangle – a triangle with two equal
sides
o Equilateral triangle – a triangle with three equal
sides
 Quadrilaterals – polygon with 4 sides
o Trapezium – has no pair of parallel sides
o Trapezoid – has one pair of parallel sides
o Parallelogram – has two pairs of parallel sides
o Square – a special parallelogram with four equal
sides and four equal angles
o Rectangle – a special parallelogram with four
equal angles
o Rhombus – a special parallelogram with four
equal sides
 Pentagon – polygon with five sides and 5 angles
 Hexagon – polygon with six sides and 6 angles
 Heptagon – polygon with seven sides and 7 angles
 Octagon – polygon with 8 sides and 8 angles
 Nonagon – nine sides and nine angles
 Decagon – 10 sides and 10 angles
 Irregular Polygons – has interior angles with
different measurements; different length of sides
and different size of angles
 Regular Polygons – same length of sides and same
size of angles