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Design Detail
Concrete f'c = 30 MPa
Rebar Fy = 400 MPa
500 mm
Unit Weight = 24 kN/m³
0.8 m

337°

14mm @ 200 mm (S&T)

16mm @ 90 mm
6.1 m
6.7 m

14mm @ 300 mm (S&T)

14mm @ 300 mm (S&T)
14mm @ 300 mm
600 mm

Heel Bars: 16mm @ 100 mm

0.01 m

Toe Bars: 16mm @ 100 mm

0.5 m
2.2 m Footing S/T Bars: 14mm @ 200 mm

3.2 m

Check Summary Criteria

Ratio Check Provided Required Combination
----- Stability Checks ----- Building Code IBC 2012
0.387 Overturning 3.88 1.50 0.6D + 1.0H Concrete Load Combs IBC 2012 (Strength)
0.852 Sliding 1.76 1.50 0.6D + 1.0H Masonry Load Combs ASCE 7-10 (ASD)
0.969 Bearing Pressure 200 kPa 193.9 kPa 1.0D + 1.0L + 0.6H Stability Load Combs ASCE 7-10 (ASD)
0.726 Bearing Eccentricity 0.39 m 0.53 m 1.0D + 1.0L + 1.0H Restrained Against Sliding No
----- Toe Checks ----- Neglect Bearing At Heel Yes
0.000 Shear 369.8 kN/m 0 kN/m 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H Use Vert. Comp. for OT No
0.071 Moment 378.9 kN·m/m 26.82 kN·m/m 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.9H Use Vert. Comp. for Sliding No
0.100 Min Strain 0.0401 0.0040 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H Use Vert. Comp. for Bearing Yes
0.000 Min Steel 50.8 mm² 0 mm² 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H Use Surcharge for Sliding & OT Yes
0.115 Development 265 cm 30.48 cm 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H Use Surcharge for Bearing Yes
0.437 S&T Max Spacing 200 mm 457.2 mm 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H Neglect Soil Over Toe Yes
0.721 S&T Min Rho 0.0026 0.0019 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H Neglect Backfill Wt. for Coulomb No
----- Heel Checks ----- Factor Soil Weight As Dead Yes
0.984 Shear 369.8 kN/m 363.9 kN/m 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H Use Passive Force for OT Yes
0.824 Moment 378.9 kN·m/m 312.1 kN·m/m 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H Assume Pressure To Top Yes
0.100 Min Strain 0.0401 0.0040 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H Extend Backfill Pressure To Key Bottom No
0.934 Min Steel 50.8 mm² 47.46 mm² 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H Use Toe Passive Pressure for Bearing No
0.381 Development 95 cm 36.17 cm 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H Required F.S. for OT 1.50
Required F.S. for Sliding 1.50
0.437 S&T Max Spacing 200 mm 457.2 mm 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H
Has Different Safety Factors for Seismic No
0.721 S&T Min Rho 0.0026 0.0019 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H
Allowable Bearing Pressure 200 kPa
----- Stem Checks -----
Req'd Bearing Location Middle third
0.919 Moment 339.7 kN·m/m 312.1 kN·m/m 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H
Wall Friction Angle 25°
0.493 Shear 301.5 kN/m 148.7 kN/m 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H
Friction Coefficent 0.50
0.140 Max Steel 0.0287 0.0040 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H Soil Reaction Modulus 27146 kN/m³
0.686 Min Steel 22.22 cm²/m 15.24 cm²/m 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H
0.470 Base Development 55 cm 25.87 cm 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H
0.807 Horz Bar Rho 0.0031 0.0025 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H
0.437 Horz Bar Spacing 200 mm 457.2 mm 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H

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Loads Load Combinations

Loading Options/Assumptions
Passive pressure neglects top 0 m of soil.
25 kPa IBC 2012 (Strength)
1.2D
... + 1.6L + 1.6H
0.8 m

337° 1.2D
... + 1.6L + 0.9H
1.2D
... + 0.5L + 1.6H
 = 17 kN/m³ 1.2D
... + 0.5L + 0.9H
 = 40° 1.2D
... + 1.6H
1.2D
... + 0.9H
c = 0 kPa
5.3 m
5.89 m
5.9 m

0.9D
... + 1.6H
0.9D
... + 0.9H
1.4D
...

 = 17 kN/m³
 = 40°
c = 0 kPa

Backfill Pressure
0.8 m

4.97 m

4.97 m
337°

 = 17 kN/m³ 50.91 kN/m

1.66 m
21.61 kN/m
 = 40° 55.31 kN/m
c = 0 kPa -22.27 kPa
5.3 m
5.89 m
5.9 m

62.99 kN/m
57.98 kN/m

1.77 m
Lateral Earth Pressure 24.61 kN/m

Rankine Active Earth Pressure Theory -23.77 kPa

cos  - cos²  - cos²  cos 337° - cos ² 337° - cos ² 40°

Ka = cos  = cos 337° = 0.2638
cos  + cos²  - cos²  cos 337° + cos ² 337° - cos ² 40°

a =  H Ka - 2 c Ka = 17 kN / m³ 4.97 m 0.2638 - 2 0 kPa 0.2638 = 22.27 kPa

P =  = 337° = 337° resultant force angle with horizontal

Lateral Earth Pressure (stem only)

a =  H Ka - 2 c Ka = 17 kN / m³ 5.3 m 0.2638 - 2 0 kPa 0.2638 = 23.77 kPa

P =  = 337° = 337° resultant force angle with horizontal

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Passive Pressure

0.78 kPa

0 kN/m
 = 17 kN/m³
 = 40°
c = 0 kPa

Lateral Earth Pressure

Rankine Passive Earth Pressure Theory
 40°
Kp = tan² 45° + = tan ² 45° + = 4.5989
2 2

p =  H Kp + 2 c Kp = 17 kN / m³ 0.01 m 4.5989 + 2 0 kPa 4.5989 = 0.78 kPa

Uniform Surcharge Pressure

25 kPa
4.97 m

4.97 m

337° -6.6 kPa 32.75 kN/m

-6.6 kPa 34.96 kN/m

Lateral Surcharge Pressure

Rankine Active Earth Pressure Theory

cos  - cos²  - cos²  cos 337° - cos ² 337° - cos ² 40°

Ka = cos  = cos 337° = 0.2638
cos  + cos²  - cos²  cos 337° + cos ² 337° - cos ² 40°
sur = Ka q = 0.2638 25 kPa = 6.6 kPa

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Wall/Soil Weights

73.2 kN/m
198.2 kN/m

46.08 kN/m

Bearing Pressure

e = 0.39 m

1.21 m
186.3 kN/m
30.09 kPa

189.2 kPa
350.9 kN/m
Friction
F=R = 0.50 372.5 kN / m = 186.3 kN / m

Bearing Pressure Calculation

Contributing Forces
Vert Force ...offset Horz Force ...offset OT Moment
Backfill Pressure 21.61 kN/m 3.2 m -50.91 kN/m 1.66 m 153.4 kN·m/m
Uniform Surcharge Pressure -55 kN/m 2.1 m -32.75 kN/m 2.48 m -34.17 kN·m/m
Footing Weight -46.08 kN/m 1.6 m 0 kN/m - -73.73 kN·m/m
Stem Weight -73.2 kN/m 0.75 m 0 kN/m - -54.9 kN·m/m
Backfill Weight -198.22 kN/m 2.1 m 0 kN/m - -416.26 kN·m/m
-350.89 kN/m -425.63 kN·m/m
- 425.63 kN·m / m
= 1.21 m
- 350.89 kN / m
Note: Bearing resultant used for friction calcs is 372.5 kN/m - reduced per user options (for sliding check).

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Stability Checks [1.0D + 1.0L + 1.0H]

Overturning Check Sliding Check
Overturning Moments Sliding Force(s)
Force Distance Moment Backfill pressure 50.91 kN/m
Backfill pressure (horz) 50.91 kN/m 1.66 m 84.28 kN·m/m Surcharge (uniform) lateral pressure 32.75 kN/m
Surcharge (uniform) lateral pressure 32.75 kN/m 2.48 m 81.33 kN·m/m Total: 83.66 kN/m
Total: 165.6 kN·m/m Resisting Force(s)
Resisting Moments Passive pressure @ toe 0 kN/m
Force Distance Moment Friction 186.3 kN/m
Surcharge (uniform) vertical pressure 55 kN/m 2.1 m 115.5 kN·m/m Total: 186.3 kN/m
Passive pressure @ toe 0 kN/m 0m 0 kN·m/m RF 186.3 kN / m
F.S. = = = 2.226 > 1.50 OK
Footing Weight -46.08 kN/m 1.6 m 73.73 kN·m/m SF 83.66 kN / m
Stem Weight -73.2 kN/m 0.75 m 54.9 kN·m/m
Backfill Weight -198.22 kN/m 2.1 m 416.3 kN·m/m
Total: 660.4 kN·m/m
RM 660.4 kN·m / m
F.S. = = = 3.988 > 1.50 OK
OTM 165.6 kN·m / m

Bearing Capacity Check

Bearing pressure < allowable (189.2 kPa < 200 kPa) - OK
Bearing resultant eccentricity < allowable (0.39 m < 0.53 m) - OK

Wall Top Displacement

(based on unfactored service loads)
Deflection due to stem flexural displacement 0.005 m
Deflection due to rotation from settlement 0.011 m
Total deflection at top of wall (positive towards toe) 0.017 m

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Stability Checks [1.0D + 1.0L + 0.6H]

Overturning Check Sliding Check
Overturning Moments Sliding Force(s)
Force Distance Moment Backfill pressure 30.55 kN/m
Backfill pressure (horz) 30.55 kN/m 1.66 m 50.57 kN·m/m Surcharge (uniform) lateral pressure 32.75 kN/m
Surcharge (uniform) lateral pressure 32.75 kN/m 2.48 m 81.33 kN·m/m Total: 63.3 kN/m
Total: 131.9 kN·m/m Resisting Force(s)
Resisting Moments Passive pressure @ toe 0 kN/m
Force Distance Moment Friction 190.8 kN/m
Surcharge (uniform) vertical pressure 55 kN/m 2.1 m 115.5 kN·m/m Total: 190.8 kN/m
Passive pressure @ toe 0 kN/m 0m 0 kN·m/m RF 190.8 kN / m
F.S. = = = 3.015 > 1.50 OK
Footing Weight -46.08 kN/m 1.6 m 73.73 kN·m/m SF 63.3 kN / m
Stem Weight -73.2 kN/m 0.75 m 54.9 kN·m/m
Backfill Weight -198.22 kN/m 2.1 m 416.3 kN·m/m
Total: 660.4 kN·m/m
RM 660.4 kN·m / m
F.S. = = = 5.007 > 1.50 OK
OTM 131.9 kN·m / m

Bearing Capacity Check

Bearing pressure < allowable (193.9 kPa < 200 kPa) - OK
Bearing resultant eccentricity < allowable (0.39 m < 0.53 m) - OK

Wall Top Displacement

(based on unfactored service loads)
Deflection due to stem flexural displacement 0.005 m
Deflection due to rotation from settlement 0.011 m
Total deflection at top of wall (positive towards toe) 0.017 m

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Stability Checks [0.6D + 1.0H]

Overturning Check Sliding Check
Overturning Moments Sliding Force(s)
Force Distance Moment Backfill pressure 50.91 kN/m
Backfill pressure (horz) 50.91 kN/m 1.66 m 84.28 kN·m/m Surcharge (uniform) lateral pressure 0 kN/m
Surcharge (uniform) lateral pressure 0 kN/m 2.48 m 0 kN·m/m Total: 50.91 kN/m
Total: 84.28 kN·m/m Resisting Force(s)
Resisting Moments Passive pressure @ toe 0 kN/m
Force Distance Moment Friction 89.65 kN/m
Surcharge (uniform) vertical pressure 0 kN/m 2.1 m 0 kN·m/m Total: 89.65 kN/m
Passive pressure @ toe 0 kN/m 0m 0 kN·m/m RF 89.65 kN / m
F.S. = = = 1.761 > 1.50 OK
Footing Weight -27.65 kN/m 1.6 m 44.24 kN·m/m SF 50.91 kN / m
Stem Weight -43.92 kN/m 0.75 m 32.94 kN·m/m
Backfill Weight -118.93 kN/m 2.1 m 249.8 kN·m/m
Total: 326.9 kN·m/m
RM 326.9 kN·m / m
F.S. = = = 3.879 > 1.50 OK
OTM 84.28 kN·m / m

Bearing Capacity Check

Bearing pressure < allowable (91.08 kPa < 200 kPa) - OK
Bearing resultant eccentricity < allowable (0.39 m < 0.53 m) - OK

Wall Top Displacement

(based on unfactored service loads)
Deflection due to stem flexural displacement 0.005 m
Deflection due to rotation from settlement 0.011 m
Total deflection at top of wall (positive towards toe) 0.017 m

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Stem Flexural Capacity

Moment
6.1

5.49

4.88

4.27

3.66

3.05 Offset (m)

2.44

1.83

1.22

0.61

0
-350 -275 -200 -125 -50 25 100
Moment (kN·m/m)

Capacity (ACI 318-11 10.2) @ 0 m from base [Negative bending]

As fy 22.22 cm² / m 400 MPa
a= = = 34.86 mm
0.85 F'c 0.85 30 MPa
Mn =  As fy d - a / 2 = 0.90 22.22 cm² / m 400 MPa 442 mm - 34.86 mm / 2 = 339.7 kN·m / m

Capacity (ACI 318-11 10.2) @ 0 m from base [Positive bending]

As fy 5.16 cm² / m 400 MPa
a= = = 8.1 mm
0.85 F'c 0.85 30 MPa
Mn =  As fy d - a / 2 = 0.90 5.16 cm² / m 400 MPa 443 mm - 8.1 mm / 2 = 81.56 kN·m / m

Capacity (ACI 318-11 10.2) @ 5.76 m from base [Negative bending]

As fy 22.22 cm² / m 400 MPa
a= = = 34.86 mm
0.85 F'c 0.85 30 MPa
Mn =  As fy d - a / 2 = 0.90 22.22 cm² / m 400 MPa 442 mm - 34.86 mm / 2 = 339.7 kN·m / m

Capacity (ACI 318-11 10.2) @ 5.8 m from base [Positive bending]

As fy 5.16 cm² / m 400 MPa
a= = = 8.1 mm
0.85 F'c 0.85 30 MPa
Mn =  As fy d - a / 2 = 0.90 5.16 cm² / m 400 MPa 443 mm - 8.1 mm / 2 = 81.56 kN·m / m

Capacity (ACI 318-11 10.2) @ 6.1 m from base [Negative bending]

As fy 0 cm² / m 400 MPa
a= = = 0 mm
0.85 F'c 0.85 30 MPa
Mn =  As fy d - a / 2 = 0.90 0 cm² / m 400 MPa 442 mm - 0 mm / 2 = 0 kN·m / m

Capacity (ACI 318-11 10.2) @ 6.1 m from base [Positive bending]

As fy 0 cm² / m 400 MPa
a= = = 0 mm
0.85 F'c 0.85 30 MPa
Mn =  As fy d - a / 2 = 0.90 0 cm² / m 400 MPa 443 mm - 0 mm / 2 = 0 kN·m / m

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Stem Shear Capacity

Shear
6.1

5.49

4.88

4.27

3.66

3.05 Offset (m)

2.44

1.83

1.22

0.61

0
-400 -266.67 -133.33 0 133.3 266.7 400
Shear (kN/m)

Shear Capacity (ACI 318-11 11.1.1, 11.2.1) @ 0 m from base [Positive shear]
 = 1.0 normal weight concrete

Vc = 2  F'c d = 2 1.0 30 MPa 442 mm = 402 kN / m

Vn =  Vc = 0.750 402 kN / m = 301.5 kN / m

Shear Capacity (ACI 318-11 11.1.1, 11.2.1) @ 0 m from base [Negative shear]
 = 1.0 normal weight concrete

Vc = 2  F'c d = 2 1.0 30 MPa 442 mm = 402 kN / m

Vn =  Vc = 0.750 402 kN / m = 301.5 kN / m

Shear Capacity (ACI 318-11 11.1.1, 11.2.1) @ 6.1 m from base [Positive shear]
 = 1.0 normal weight concrete

Vc = 2  F'c d = 2 1.0 30 MPa 442 mm = 402 kN / m

Vn =  Vc = 0.750 402 kN / m = 301.5 kN / m

Shear Capacity (ACI 318-11 11.1.1, 11.2.1) @ 6.1 m from base [Negative shear]
 = 1.0 normal weight concrete

Vc = 2  F'c d = 2 1.0 30 MPa 442 mm = 402 kN / m

Vn =  Vc = 0.750 402 kN / m = 301.5 kN / m

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Stem Development/Lap Length Calculations

Main vertical stem bars (bottom end) - Development Length Calculation (ACI 318-11 12.2.3, 12.5)
e = 1.0 uncoated hooked bars
 = 1.0 normal weight concrete
fy 400 MPa
ldh = 0.02 e db = 0.02 1.0 16 mm = 28.15 cm
 F'c 1.0 30 MPa
8 db = 8 16 mm = 5.040 minimum limit, does not control

Main vertical stem bars (top end) - Development Length Calculation (ACI 318-11 12.2.3, 12.5)
t = 1.0 bars are not horizontal
e = 1.0 bar not epoxy coated
s = 0.80 bars are #6 or smaller
 = 1.0 normal weight concrete
s/2 = 90 mm / 2 = 45 mm
cover + db / 2 = 50 mm + 16 mm / 2 = 58 mm
cb = 45 mm lesser of half spacing, ctr to surface
Ktr = 0.0 no transverse reinforcement
cb + Ktr 45 mm + 0.0
= = 2.8121
db 16 mm
3. fy t e s 3. 400 MPa 1.0 1.0 0.80
ld = db = 16 mm = 33.78 cm
40 2.5 40 2.5
 F'c 1.0 30 MPa

2nd curtain vertical bars (top end) - Development Length Calculation (ACI 318-11 12.2.3, 12.5)
t = 1.0 bars are not horizontal
e = 1.0 bar not epoxy coated
s = 0.80 bars are #6 or smaller
 = 1.0 normal weight concrete
s/2 = 300 mm / 2 = 150 mm
cover + db / 2 = 50 mm + 13.97 mm / 2 = 56.99 mm
cb = 56.99 mm lesser of half spacing, ctr to surface
Ktr = 0.0 no transverse reinforcement
cb + Ktr 56.99 mm + 0.0
= = 4.0791
db 13.97 mm
3. fy t e s 3. 400 MPa 1.0 1.0 0.80
ld = db = 13.97 mm = 29.49 cm
40 2.5 40 2.5
 F'c 1.0 30 MPa
12 inch minimum controls

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Toe Checks [1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H]

Toe Unfactored Loads
Controlling Moment Unfactored Loads
Design moment Mu for toe need not exceed moment at stem base:
Mtoe = 25.84 kN·m / m < Mstem = 312.1 kN·m / m
Mu = 25.84 kN·m / m stem moment does not control
14.4 kPa
Flexure Check (ACI 318-11 10.2)
As fy 20 cm² / m 400 MPa

600 mm
a= = = 31.37 mm
0.85 F'c 0.85 30 MPa
Mn =  As fy d - a / 2 = 0.90 20 cm² / m 400 MPa 542 mm - 31.37 mm / 2 = 378.9 kN·m / m 16mm @ 100 mm
Mn = 378.9 kN·m / m  Mu = 25.84 kN·m / m 
189.2 kPa 164.4 kPa
Shear Check (ACI 318-11 11.1.1, 11.11.3.1)
 = 1.0 normal weight concrete

Vc = 2  F'c d = 2 1.0 30 MPa 542 mm = 493 kN / m

Toe Factored Loads
Vn =  Vc = 0.750 493 kN / m = 369.8 kN / m 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H
Vn = 369.8 kN / m  Vu = 0 kN / m 
Minimum Strain Check (ACI 318-11 10.3.5)
F'c - 4000 30 MPa - 4000 100.8 kN/m
1 = 0.85 - 0.05 = 0.85 - 0.05 = 0.8325
1000 1000 17.28 kPa (Self-wt)
As fy 20 cm² / m 400 MPa

600 mm
a= = = 31.37 mm
0.85 F'c 0.85 30 MPa
d 542 mm 16mm @ 100 mm
t = 0.003 -1 = 0.003 -1 = 0.0401
a / 1 31.37 mm / 0.8325
t = 0.0401  0.004  234.3 kPa
203.5 kPa
234.3
203.5 kPa
kPa
Minimum Steel Check (ACI 318-11 10.5.1)
Mn = 378.9 kN·m / m  4 / 3 Mu = 4 / 3 25.84 kN·m / m = 34.45 kN·m / m
Check is waived per ACI 10.5.3 
Shrinkage and Temperature Steel (ACI 318-11 7.12.2)
AST 121.9 cm² / m
ST_prov = = = 0.0026
t sST 600 mm 200 mm
0.0018 60000 0.0018 60000
ST_min = = = 0.0019
fy 400 MPa
ST_min = 0.0019
ST_prov = 0.0026  ST_min = 0.0019 
18 inch limit governs
sST_max = 457.2 mm
sST = 200 mm  sST_max = 457.2 mm 
Development Check (ACI 318-11 12.12, 12.2.3)
Mu 25.84 kN·m / m
= = 0.0682 ratio to represent excess reinforcement
Mn 378.9 kN·m / m
t = 1.0 12 inches or less cast below - 1.97 inches
e = 1.0 bar not epoxy coated
s = 0.80 bars are #6 or smaller
 = 1.0 normal weight concrete
s/2 = 100 mm / 2 = 50 mm
cover + db / 2 = 50 mm + 16 mm / 2 = 58 mm
cb = 50 mm lesser of half spacing, ctr to surface
Ktr = 0.0 no transverse reinforcement
cb + Ktr 50 mm + 0.0
= = 3.1246
db 16 mm
3. fy t e s 3. 400 MPa 1.0 1.0 0.80
ld = db = 16 mm = 33.78 cm
40 2.5 40 2.5
 F'c 1.0 30 MPa
Factoring ld by the excess reinforcement ratio 0.0682 per 12.2.5: ld = 2.3 cm
12 inch minimum controls
ld_prov = 265 cm  ld = 30.48 cm 
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Heel Checks [1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H]

Heel Unfactored Loads
Controlling Moment Unfactored Loads
Design moment Mu for heel need not exceed moment at stem base:
Mheel = 400.3 kN·m / m  Mstem = 312.1 kN·m / m
Mu = 312.1 kN·m / m stem base moment controls 25 kPa (Uniform Surcharge)
Flexure Check (ACI 318-11 10.2) 90.1 kPa (Soil weight)
As fy 20 cm² / m 400 MPa 14.4 kPa (Concrete self-wt)
a= = = 31.37 mm

600 mm
0.85 F'c 0.85 30 MPa 16mm @ 100 mm
Mn =  As fy d - a / 2 = 0.90 20 cm² / m 400 MPa 542 mm - 31.37 mm / 2 = 378.9 kN·m / m
Mn = 378.9 kN·m / m  Mu = 312.1 kN·m / m  (neglect bearing pressure)
Shear Check (ACI 318-11 11.1.1, 11.11.3.1)
 = 1.0 normal weight concrete

Vc = 2  F'c d = 2 1.0 30 MPa 542 mm = 493 kN / m Heel Factored Loads

Vn =  Vc = 0.750 493 kN / m = 369.8 kN / m 1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H
Vn = 369.8 kN / m  Vu = 363.9 kN / m 
Minimum Strain Check (ACI 318-11 10.3.5)
F'c - 4000 30 MPa - 4000 40 kPa (Uniform Surcharge)
1 = 0.85 - 0.05 = 0.85 - 0.05 = 0.8325
1000 1000 108.1 kPa (Soil weight)
As fy 20 cm² / m 400 MPa 17.28 kPa (Concrete self-wt)
a= = = 31.37 mm
0.85 F'c 0.85 30 MPa

600 mm
16mm @ 100 mm
d 542 mm
t = 0.003 -1 = 0.003 -1 = 0.0401
a / 1 31.37 mm / 0.8325
(neglect bearing pressure)
t = 0.0401  0.004  363.9 kN/m
Minimum Steel Check (ACI 318-11 10.5.1)
Mn = 378.9 kN·m / m < 4 / 3 Mu = 4 / 3 312.1 kN·m / m = 416.2 kN·m / m

3 F'c 3 30 MPa
As_min = d = 542 mm = 18.49 cm² / m
fy 400 MPa
200 d / fy = 200 542 mm / 400 MPa = 18.69 cm² / m
As_min = 18.69 cm² / m
As = 20 cm² / m  As_min = 18.69 cm² / m 
Shrinkage and Temperature Steel (ACI 318-11 7.12.2)
AST 121.9 cm² / m
ST_prov = = = 0.0026
t sST 600 mm 200 mm
0.0018 60000 0.0018 60000
ST_min = = = 0.0019
fy 400 MPa
ST_min = 0.0019
ST_prov = 0.0026  ST_min = 0.0019 
18 inch limit governs
sST_max = 457.2 mm
sST = 200 mm  sST_max = 457.2 mm
Development Check (ACI 318-11 12.12, 12.2.3)

Mu 312.1 kN·m / m
= = 0.8237 ratio to represent excess reinforcement
Mn 378.9 kN·m / m
t = 1.30 more than 12 inches cast below - 21.02 inches
e = 1.0 bar not epoxy coated
s = 0.80 bars are #6 or smaller
 = 1.0 normal weight concrete
s/2 = 100 mm / 2 = 50 mm
cover + db / 2 = 50 mm + 16 mm / 2 = 58 mm
cb = 50 mm lesser of half spacing, ctr to surface
Ktr = 0.0 no transverse reinforcement
cb + Ktr 50 mm + 0.0
= = 3.1246
db 16 mm
3. fy t e s 3. 400 MPa 1.30 1.0 0.80
ld = db = 16 mm = 43.91 cm
40 2.5 40 2.5
 F'c 1.0 30 MPa
Factoring ld by the excess reinforcement ratio 0.8237 per 12.2.5: ld = 36.17 cm
ld_prov = 95 cm  ld = 36.17 cm
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Stem Forces [1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H]

Stem Internal Forces Stem Internal Forces Stem Internal Forces
Moment Shear
6.1 6.1

5.34 5.34

4.58 4.58

3.81 3.81

3.05 3.05

-10.55 kPa
2.29 2.29

1.53 1.53

0.76 0.76
-35.01 kPa
148.7 kN/m
0 0
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 0 40 80 120 160
Moment (kN·m/m) Shear (kN/m)
-312.12 kN·m/m

Stem Joint Force Transfer

Location Force
@ stem base 148.7 kN/m

Stem Internal Forces

-10.55 kPa

-35.01 kPa

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Stem Moment Checks [1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H]

Moment
6.1

5.49

4.88

4.27

3.66

3.05 Offset (m)

2.44

1.83

1.22

0.61

0
-350 -275 -200 -125 -50 25 100
Moment (kN·m/m)

Check (ACI 318-11 Ch 10) @ 0 m from base

Mn = 339.7 kN·m / m  Mu = 312.1 kN·m / m 

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Stem Shear Checks [1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H]

Shear
6.1

5.49

4.88

4.27

3.66

3.05 Offset (m)

2.44

1.83

1.22

0.61

0
-400 -266.67 -133.33 0 133.3 266.7 400
Shear (kN/m)

Shear Check (ACI 318-11 Ch 11.1.1) @ 0 m from base

Vn = 301.5 kN / m  Vu = 148.7 kN / m 

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Stem Miscellaneous Checks [1.2D + 1.6L + 1.6H]

Minimum Steel Check (ACI 318-11 10.5.1) @ 0 m from base [Stem in negative flexure]
Mn = 339.7 kN·m / m < 4 / 3 Mu = 4 / 3 312.1 kN·m / m = 416.2 kN·m / m

3 F'c 3 30 MPa
As_min = d = 442 mm = 15.08 cm² / m
fy 400 MPa
200 d / fy = 200 442 mm / 400 MPa = 15.24 cm² / m
As_min = 15.24 cm² / m
As = 22.22 cm² / m  As_min = 15.24 cm² / m 

Minimum Steel Check (ACI 318-11 10.5.1) @ 6.1 m from base [Stem in negative flexure]
Mn = 0 kN·m / m  4 / 3 Mu = 4 / 3 0 kN·m / m = 0 kN·m / m
Check is waived per ACI 10.5.3 

Maximum Steel Check (ACI 318-11 10.3.5) @ 0 m from base [Stem in negative flexure]
F'c - 4000 30 MPa - 4000
1 = 0.85 - 0.05 = 0.85 - 0.05 = 0.8325
1000 1000
As fy 22.22 cm² / m 400 MPa
a= = = 34.86 mm
0.85 F'c 0.85 30 MPa
d 442 mm
t = 0.003 -1 = 0.003 -1 = 0.0287
a / 1 34.86 mm / 0.8325
t = 0.0287  0.004 

Maximum Steel Check (ACI 318-11 10.3.5) @ 6.1 m from base [Stem in negative flexure]
F'c - 4000 30 MPa - 4000
1 = 0.85 - 0.05 = 0.85 - 0.05 = 0.8325
1000 1000
As fy 22.22 cm² / m 400 MPa
a= = = 34.86 mm
0.85 F'c 0.85 30 MPa
d 442 mm
t = 0.003 -1 = 0.003 -1 = 0.0287
a / 1 34.86 mm / 0.8325
t = 0.0287  0.004 

Wall Horizontal Steel (ACI 318-11 14.3.3, 14.3.5)

As_horz / shorz 309.7 mm² / 200 mm
h = = = 0.0031
t 500 mm
h_min = 0.0025 bars larger than No. 5, or less than 60 ksi
h = 0.0031  h_min = 0.0025 
3 twall = 3 500 mm = 1500 mm
18 inch limit governs
smax = 457.2 mm
shorz = 200 mm  shorz_max = 457.2 mm 

Development Check (ACI 318-11 12.12, 12.2.3)

Mu 312.1 kN·m / m
= = 0.9189 ratio to represent excess reinforcement
Mn 339.7 kN·m / m
e = 1.0 uncoated hooked bars
 = 1.0 normal weight concrete
fy 400 MPa
ldh = 0.02 e db = 0.02 1.0 16 mm = 28.15 cm
 F'c 1.0 30 MPa
Factoring ldh by the excess reinforcement ratio 0.9189 per 12.5.3 d : ldh = 25.87 cm
8 db = 8 16 mm = 5.040 minimum limit, does not control
ldh_prov = 55 cm  ldh = 25.87 cm 

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Toe Checks [1.2D + 1.6L + 0.9H]

Toe Unfactored Loads
Controlling Moment Unfactored Loads
Design moment Mu for toe need not exceed moment at stem base:
Mtoe = 26.82 kN·m / m < Mstem = 240.4 kN·m / m
Mu = 26.82 kN·m / m stem moment does not control
14.4 kPa
Flexure Check (ACI 318-11 10.2)
As fy 20 cm² / m 400 MPa

600 mm
a= = = 31.37 mm
0.85 F'c 0.85 30 MPa
Mn =  As fy d - a / 2 = 0.90 20 cm² / m 400 MPa 542 mm - 31.37 mm / 2 = 378.9 kN·m / m 16mm @ 100 mm
Mn = 378.9 kN·m / m  Mu = 26.82 kN·m / m 
189.2 kPa 164.4 kPa
Shear Check (ACI 318-11 11.1.1, 11.11.3.1)
 = 1.0 normal weight concrete

Vc = 2  F'c d = 2 1.0 30 MPa 542 mm = 493 kN / m

Toe Factored Loads
Vn =  Vc = 0.750 493 kN / m = 369.8 kN / m 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.9H
Vn = 369.8 kN / m  Vu = 0 kN / m 
Minimum Strain Check (ACI 318-11 10.3.5)
F'c - 4000 30 MPa - 4000 104.6 kN/m
1 = 0.85 - 0.05 = 0.85 - 0.05 = 0.8325
1000 1000 17.28 kPa (Self-wt)
As fy 20 cm² / m 400 MPa

600 mm
a= = = 31.37 mm
0.85 F'c 0.85 30 MPa
d 542 mm 16mm @ 100 mm
t = 0.003 -1 = 0.003 -1 = 0.0401
a / 1 31.37 mm / 0.8325
t = 0.0401  0.004  242.4 kPa
210.6 kPa
242.4
210.6 kPa
kPa
Minimum Steel Check (ACI 318-11 10.5.1)
Mn = 378.9 kN·m / m  4 / 3 Mu = 4 / 3 26.82 kN·m / m = 35.75 kN·m / m
Check is waived per ACI 10.5.3 
Shrinkage and Temperature Steel (ACI 318-11 7.12.2)
AST 121.9 cm² / m
ST_prov = = = 0.0026
t sST 600 mm 200 mm
0.0018 60000 0.0018 60000
ST_min = = = 0.0019
fy 400 MPa
ST_min = 0.0019
ST_prov = 0.0026  ST_min = 0.0019 
18 inch limit governs
sST_max = 457.2 mm
sST = 200 mm  sST_max = 457.2 mm 
Development Check (ACI 318-11 12.12, 12.2.3)
Mu 26.82 kN·m / m
= = 0.0708 ratio to represent excess reinforcement
Mn 378.9 kN·m / m
t = 1.0 12 inches or less cast below - 1.97 inches
e = 1.0 bar not epoxy coated
s = 0.80 bars are #6 or smaller
 = 1.0 normal weight concrete
s/2 = 100 mm / 2 = 50 mm
cover + db / 2 = 50 mm + 16 mm / 2 = 58 mm
cb = 50 mm lesser of half spacing, ctr to surface
Ktr = 0.0 no transverse reinforcement
cb + Ktr 50 mm + 0.0
= = 3.1246
db 16 mm
3. fy t e s 3. 400 MPa 1.0 1.0 0.80
ld = db = 16 mm = 33.78 cm
40 2.5 40 2.5
 F'c 1.0 30 MPa
Factoring ld by the excess reinforcement ratio 0.0708 per 12.2.5: ld = 2.39 cm
12 inch minimum controls
ld_prov = 265 cm  ld = 30.48 cm 
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Heel Checks [1.2D + 1.6L + 0.9H]

Heel Unfactored Loads
Controlling Moment Unfactored Loads
Design moment Mu for heel need not exceed moment at stem base:
Mheel = 400.3 kN·m / m  Mstem = 240.4 kN·m / m
Mu = 240.4 kN·m / m stem base moment controls 25 kPa (Uniform Surcharge)
90.1 kPa (Soil weight)
Flexure Check (ACI 318-11 10.2)
14.4 kPa (Concrete self-wt)
As fy 20 cm² / m 400 MPa

600 mm
a= = = 31.37 mm 16mm @ 100 mm
0.85 F'c 0.85 30 MPa
Mn =  As fy d - a / 2 = 0.90 20 cm² / m 400 MPa 542 mm - 31.37 mm / 2 = 378.9 kN·m / m
(neglect bearing pressure)
Mn = 378.9 kN·m / m  Mu = 240.4 kN·m / m 
Shear Check (ACI 318-11 11.1.1, 11.11.3.1)
 = 1.0 normal weight concrete

Vc = 2  F'c d = 2 1.0 30 MPa 542 mm = 493 kN / m

Heel Factored Loads
Vn =  Vc = 0.750 493 kN / m = 369.8 kN / m 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.9H

Vn = 369.8 kN / m  Vu = 363.9 kN / m 

Minimum Strain Check (ACI 318-11 10.3.5) 40 kPa (Uniform Surcharge)
F'c - 4000 30 MPa - 4000 108.1 kPa (Soil weight)
1 = 0.85 - 0.05 = 0.85 - 0.05 = 0.8325
1000 1000
17.28 kPa (Concrete self-wt)
As fy 20 cm² / m 400 MPa

600 mm
a= = = 31.37 mm 16mm @ 100 mm
0.85 F'c 0.85 30 MPa
d 542 mm
t = 0.003 -1 = 0.003 -1 = 0.0401 (neglect bearing pressure)
a / 1 31.37 mm / 0.8325
t = 0.0401  0.004  363.9 kN/m

Minimum Steel Check (ACI 318-11 10.5.1)

Mn = 378.9 kN·m / m  4 / 3 Mu = 4 / 3 240.4 kN·m / m = 320.5 kN·m / m
Check is waived per ACI 10.5.3 
Shrinkage and Temperature Steel (ACI 318-11 7.12.2)
AST 121.9 cm² / m
ST_prov = = = 0.0026
t sST 600 mm 200 mm
0.0018 60000 0.0018 60000
ST_min = = = 0.0019
fy 400 MPa
ST_min = 0.0019
ST_prov = 0.0026  ST_min = 0.0019 
18 inch limit governs
sST_max = 457.2 mm
sST = 200 mm  sST_max = 457.2 mm 
Development Check (ACI 318-11 12.12, 12.2.3)
Mu 240.4 kN·m / m
= = 0.6344 ratio to represent excess reinforcement
Mn 378.9 kN·m / m
t = 1.30 more than 12 inches cast below - 21.02 inches
e = 1.0 bar not epoxy coated
s = 0.80 bars are #6 or smaller
 = 1.0 normal weight concrete
s/2 = 100 mm / 2 = 50 mm
cover + db / 2 = 50 mm + 16 mm / 2 = 58 mm
cb = 50 mm lesser of half spacing, ctr to surface
Ktr = 0.0 no transverse reinforcement
cb + Ktr 50 mm + 0.0
= = 3.1246
db 16 mm
3. fy t e s 3. 400 MPa 1.30 1.0 0.80
ld = db = 16 mm = 43.91 cm
40 2.5 40 2.5
 F'c 1.0 30 MPa
Factoring ld by the excess reinforcement ratio 0.6344 per 12.2.5: ld = 27.86 cm
12 inch minimum controls
ld_prov = 95 cm  ld = 30.48 cm 
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Stem Forces [1.2D + 1.6L + 0.9H]

Stem Internal Forces Stem Internal Forces Stem Internal Forces
Moment Shear
6.1 6.1

5.34 5.34

4.58 4.58

3.81 3.81

3.05 3.05

-10.55 kPa
2.29 2.29

1.53 1.53

0.76 0.76
-19.69 kPa
108.1 kN/m
0 0
-300 -225 -150 -75 0 0 30 60 90 120
Moment (kN·m/m) Shear (kN/m)
-240.41 kN·m/m

Stem Joint Force Transfer

Location Force
@ stem base 108.1 kN/m

Stem Internal Forces

-10.55 kPa

-19.69 kPa

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Stem Moment Checks [1.2D + 1.6L + 0.9H]

Moment
6.1

5.49

4.88

4.27

3.66

3.05 Offset (m)

2.44

1.83

1.22

0.61

0
-350 -275 -200 -125 -50 25 100
Moment (kN·m/m)

Check (ACI 318-11 Ch 10) @ 0 m from base

Mn = 339.7 kN·m / m  Mu = 240.4 kN·m / m 

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Stem Shear Checks [1.2D + 1.6L + 0.9H]

Shear
6.1

5.49

4.88

4.27

3.66

3.05 Offset (m)

2.44

1.83

1.22

0.61

0
-400 -266.67 -133.33 0 133.3 266.7 400
Shear (kN/m)

Shear Check (ACI 318-11 Ch 11.1.1) @ 0 m from base

Vn = 301.5 kN / m  Vu = 108.1 kN / m 

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Stem Miscellaneous Checks [1.2D + 1.6L + 0.9H]

Minimum Steel Check (ACI 318-11 10.5.1) @ 0 m from base [Stem in negative flexure]
Mn = 339.7 kN·m / m  4 / 3 Mu = 4 / 3 240.4 kN·m / m = 320.5 kN·m / m
Check is waived per ACI 10.5.3 

Minimum Steel Check (ACI 318-11 10.5.1) @ 6.1 m from base [Stem in negative flexure]
Mn = 0 kN·m / m  4 / 3 Mu = 4 / 3 0 kN·m / m = 0 kN·m / m
Check is waived per ACI 10.5.3 

Maximum Steel Check (ACI 318-11 10.3.5) @ 0 m from base [Stem in negative flexure]
F'c - 4000 30 MPa - 4000
1 = 0.85 - 0.05 = 0.85 - 0.05 = 0.8325
1000 1000
As fy 22.22 cm² / m 400 MPa
a= = = 34.86 mm
0.85 F'c 0.85 30 MPa
d 442 mm
t = 0.003 -1 = 0.003 -1 = 0.0287
a / 1 34.86 mm / 0.8325
t = 0.0287  0.004 

Maximum Steel Check (ACI 318-11 10.3.5) @ 6.1 m from base [Stem in negative flexure]
F'c - 4000 30 MPa - 4000
1 = 0.85 - 0.05 = 0.85 - 0.05 = 0.8325
1000 1000
As fy 22.22 cm² / m 400 MPa
a= = = 34.86 mm
0.85 F'c 0.85 30 MPa
d 442 mm
t = 0.003 -1 = 0.003 -1 = 0.0287
a / 1 34.86 mm / 0.8325
t = 0.0287  0.004 

Wall Horizontal Steel (ACI 318-11 14.3.3, 14.3.5)

As_horz / shorz 309.7 mm² / 200 mm
h = = = 0.0031
t 500 mm
h_min = 0.0025 bars larger than No. 5, or less than 60 ksi
h = 0.0031  h_min = 0.0025 
3 twall = 3 500 mm = 1500 mm
18 inch limit governs
smax = 457.2 mm
shorz = 200 mm  shorz_max = 457.2 mm 

Development Check (ACI 318-11 12.12, 12.2.3)

Mu 240.4 kN·m / m
= = 0.7078 ratio to represent excess reinforcement
Mn 339.7 kN·m / m
e = 1.0 uncoated hooked bars
 = 1.0 normal weight concrete
fy 400 MPa
ldh = 0.02 e db = 0.02 1.0 16 mm = 28.15 cm
 F'c 1.0 30 MPa
Factoring ldh by the excess reinforcement ratio 0.7078 per 12.5.3 d : ldh = 19.92 cm
8 db = 8 16 mm = 5.040 minimum limit, does not control
ldh_prov = 55 cm  ldh = 19.92 cm 

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