Introduction

A torsion bar suspension is also known as a torsion spring suspension and torsion beam. It
is a flexible spring that can be moved about its axis via twisting. One end of a long metal bar
is attached firmly to the vehicle end which terminates in a lever. They are designed and
based on the amount of torque used in the twisting of the spring.The effective spring rate of
the bar is determined by its length, diameter and material.

We can find a torsion bar in the suspension of a car or

truck, in some machines which are used for production or in
other precision devices. The flexibility of spring mainly
depend on rigidity of the structure used such as steel rod
which can bear too much load pressure on both the wheels
and the under vehicles body.

The torsion bar acts as a resistant to the torque and will

quickly restore to its starting position once the torque is
removed. In other words, the object that cannot be moved is
usually a frame but if there is not any force applied to the torsion bar, it will stay at the same
position until force is applied.

However, the material for manufacture of a new improved component to be used in

the new model of the Land Rover Discovery can be medium carbon steel (AISI 1029-1053).

Medium-carbon steels (AISI 1029-1053) can be heated which results in good balance of
ductility and strength. M C steel is used in wide range of industries like parts, machine
components, rods, bolts, crankshafts and tubings in automotive industry.
Properties of medium carbon steel

AISI 1029 is a Standard grade Carbon Steel. It is composed of (in weight

percentage) 0.25-0.31% Carbon (C), 0.60-0.90% Manganese (Mn),
0.04%(max) Phosphorus (P), 0.05%(max) Sulfur (S) and metal Iron.
Steel is the widely used name of iron alloys. It can either be cast
directly to shape, or into and hot worked into a wrought shape by
forging, extrusion, rolling, or other processes. Wrought steels are the
most common engineering material used, and come in a variety of
forms with different finishes and properties. Carbon steels alloying
elements do not exceed these limits: 1% carbon, 0.6% copper, 1.65%
manganese, 0.4% phosphorus, 0.6% silicon, and 0.05% sulphur.

The typical elastic modulus of carbston steels at room temperature (25°C) ranges
from 190 to 210 GPa. The typical density of carbon steels is about
7.85 g/cm3. The typical tensile strength varies between 276 and
1882 MPa. The wide range of ultimate tensile strength is largely
due to different heat treatment conditions.

Mechanical Properties

 Conditions 
Properties
T (°C) Treatment

Density (×1000 kg/m3) 7.7-8.03 25  

Poisson's Ratio 0.27-0.30 25  

Elastic Modulus (GPa) 190-210 25