Q 1.

Nutrient artery runs

a. Towards metaphysis
b. Away from metaphysis
c. Away from epiphysis
d. None

Ans. a. Towards metaphysis

• Nutrient artery enters the shaft (diaphysis) of the bone, divides into ascending and descending branches, which run
towards and terminate in the adult metaphysis by anastomosing with the epiphyseal, metaphyseal and periosteal
arteries.
● The nutrient foramen is directed away from the growing end of the bone. Memory aid: ‘Towards the elbow I go,
from the knee I flee’.

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Q 2. Traction epiphysis is/are
a. Head of humerus
b. Lesser tubercle
c. Deltoid tuberosity
d. Coracoid process
e. Greater trochanter
Ans. b. Lesser tubercle; e Greater trochanter.
• Traction epiphysis are present at the ends of bones and develop due to traction by the attached muscles (and are
therefore extracapsular), e.g. Greater (and lesser) tubercles in humerus and greater (and lesser) trochanter in
femur.
• Pressure epiphysis are involved in weight transmission (and are intracapsular) for e.g. head of humerus and femur
and condyles of humerus, femur, tibia etc.
• Coracoid process in scapula is an example of atavistic epiphysis.
• Deltoid tuberosity is not an epiphysis (it is present on the shaft/diaphysis).

Diagram:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
 Q 3. Atlanto-occipital joint is of synovial variety
a. Trochoid
b. Ellipsoid
c. Condylar
d. Saddle

17. Ans.b. Ellipsoid > c. Condylar

• Functionally it is an ellipsoid synovial joint but structurally it is a condylar synovial joint.
• Head flexion and extension occurs at this joint for the nodding (yes) movement.

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Q 4. Muscle having double nerve supply
a. Digastric muscle
b. Omohyoid muscle
c. Trapezius
d. Thyrohyoid muscle
e. Adductor magnus

Ans. a. Digastric muscle; c. Trapezius; e. Adductor magnus

• Anterior belly of digastric is supplied by trigeminal nerve and posterior belly by facial nerve.
• Spinal accessory nerve give motor fibres to trapezius muscle, whereas ventral rami of C3,4 are proprioceptive
• Adductor magnus ischial part is supplied by tibial part of sciatic nerve and adductor part by obturator nerve.
• Inferior belly of the omohyoid is innervated by C1-C3 and the superior belly C1 fibres of ansa cervicalis.
• Thyrohyoid muscle is innervated by C1 fibers travelling with the hypoglossal nerve.

Hybrid Muscles (Table)

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Q 5. All is true about Pecquet duct EXCEPT
a. Begins at level of T12
b. Enters thorax through aortic opening
c. Crosses from right to left at level of T8
d. Passes the superior aperture of thorax
e. Passes in posterior and superior mediastinum

Ans. c. Crosses from right to left at level of T8

• Thoracic (Pecquet) duct crosses from right to left at level of T5 vertebra.

Diagram:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Q 6. Haploid number of chromosomes is seen in
a. Spermatogonia (NEET Pattern 2012)
b. Primary spermatocytes
c. Secondary spermatocyte
d. None

Ans. c. Secondary spermatocyte

• Primary spermatocytes are diploid (2n) cells containing 46 chromosomes. After meiosis I, two secondary
spermatocytes are formed.
• Secondary spermatocytes are haploid (n) cells that contain 23 chromosomes.
n – Number of chromosomes; N – Amount of DNA

Diagram:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Q 7. All are derived from mesoderm EXCEPT
a. Pupillary muscles
b. Skeletal muscles
c. Smooth muscle
d. Extra ocular muscles

Ans. a. Pupillary muscles

• Iris muscles which control the pupillary aperture (sphincter and dilator pupillae) are derived from the neural
plate ectoderm.

Diagram:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Q 8. Enumerate the derivatives of neural crest cells
a. Tunica media of ascending aorta
b. Connective tissue of thymus gland
c. Enamel of teeth
d. Choroid and sclera of eye
e. Mandible bone

Ans. a. Tunica media of ascending aorta; b. Connective tissue of thymus gland; d. Choroid & sclera of eye; e.
Mandible bone
• Tunica media
− Tunica media of proximal vessels of heart develop from neural crest cells.
−Tunica media of dorsal aorta develops from para-axial mesoderm.
−Tunica media of most of the blood vessels develop from lateral plate mesoderm (splanchnopleuric layer).
• Few glands like thymus develop from endoderm of pharyngeal pouches, but connective tissue is derived from
neural crest cell derived secondary mesenchyme.
• Dentine of teeth develop from odontoblast (neural crest cells), whereas the enamel develop from surface
ectoderm.
• Most of the eyeball develop from neural crest cells and the derived mesenchyme, including choroid and sclera of
eyeball. Primary mesenchyme has little contribution to eyeball.
• Most of the skull bones are derived from neural crest cell derived (secondary mesenchyme), except lower part of
occipital bone (derived from primary mesenchyme).
• Pharyngeal arch bones like mandible develop from neural crest cells.

Diagram:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Q 9. Right fourth arch artery gives rise to
a. Right subclavian artery
b. Common carotid artery
c. Internal carotid artery
d. External carotid artery

Ans. a. Right subclavian artery

• Right fourth arch artery contributes to a component of the right subclavian artery.
• Left fourth arch artery contributes to a component of arch of aorta.
Table:

Diagram:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Q 10. In the following diagram for diaphragm development, congenital diaphragmatic hernia occurs usually due
to defect in

a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D

Ans. b. B
• The most common congenital diaphragmatic hernia is Bochdalek hernia. It occurs due to deficiency in the
pleuroperitoneal membrane (B), usually on the left side.
• Bochdalek hernia presents with left postero lateral defect in the diaphragm, leading to intestinal herniation into
the thorax.
• Key: A - Septum transversum; B - Pleuroperitoneal membrane; C - Dorsal mesentery of esophagus; D - Body wall
mesoderm.

Table:

Diagram:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Q 11. Descending colon is supplied by
a. Superior mesenteric artery
b. Inferior mesenteric artery
c. iliolumbar artery
d. Lateral sacral artery

Ans. b. Inferior mesenteric artery

• Descending colon is a part of hind gut supplied by branches of inferior mesenteric artery.

Table:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Q 12. Organ of Rosenmüller (epoophoron) is derivative of
a. Mullerian duct
b. Wolffian duct
c. Urogenital sinus
d. Paramesonephric duct

Ans. b. Wolffian duct.

• Epoophoron is a vestigial remnant of Wolffian duct in females.

Table:

Diagram:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Ans. a. Urinary bladder
• The slide shows transitional epithelium, which is present in urinary tube; hence called urothelium as well.
• The most superficial cells have a thickened plasma membrane as a result of the presence of intramembranous
plaques, which give an eosinophilic appearance to the luminal surface.
• Large dome-shaped (umbrella) cells that bulge into the lumen may be evident.
• Identification: At first glance, it looks like a stratified cuboidal epithelium. Several rows of nuclei appear to be
topped by a layer of dome-shaped cells which bulge into the lumen of the viscus. Cells of the basal layer are
cuboidal or columnar, while the cells of the superficial layer vary in appearance depending on the degree of
distension (may be squamous, if stretched).

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Ans. c. Holocrine
• The given slide in the figure appears to be taken from a section of skin, showing sebaceous glands.
• In holocrine glands, the secretions are produced in the cytoplasm of the cell and released by the rupture of the
plasma membrane, which destroys the cell and results in the secretion of the product into the lumen.
• Examples: Sebaceous gland (skin), meibomian glands (eyelid).

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Ans. c. Epiphyseal plate
• This is a slide of hyaline cartilage, which is found in growth (epiphyseal) plate.
• Identification points:
− Islands of chondrocytes, scattered in the hyalos matrix.
− Collagen fibers have the same refractive index as the matrix and are invisible. So, the matrix appears glass-like
(hyalos).
− Intervertebral disc and articular disc has fibrocartilage.
− Fibrocartilage has relatively few chondrocytes, and they are present among the visible bundles of collagen fibers,
running in a wavy fashion.
− Pinna is made up of elastic cartilage.
− Elastic cartilage slide shows numerous chondrocytes, scattered among the irregularly arranged elastic fibers.

Table:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Ans c. C
• Insula (marker ‘C’) is the lobe of cerebrum which lies deep to the lateral sulcus of brain.
• Insula is a portion of the cerebral cortex folded deep within the floor of the lateral sulcus.
• Key: A: Frontal cortex (superior longitudinal fissure); B: Basal ganglia; C - Insular cortex; D – Thalamus

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Ans. c. C.
• Danger space (marker ‘C’) is the potential space that lies between the anterior (alar part) and posterior layers of
prevertebral fascia (both shown in brown colour).
• This diagram shows the sagittal section of head & neck region, layers of cervical fascia and spaces.
• Prevertebral fascia (shown in brown colour) has two parts: Alar fascia (anterior part) and Proper prevertebral fascia
(posterior part). Danger space is a potential space lying between the two.
• Buccopharyngeal (visceral) fascia (shown in green colour) lies behind the pharynx.
• Key: A - Un-named space; B - Retropharyngeal space; C - Danger space; D - Prevertebral space.
• Retropharyngeal Space (marker ‘B’) is present between the buccopharyngeal fascia (anterior) and prevertebral
fascia (posterior).
• Prevertebral space (marker ‘D’) is the potential space lying behind the prevertebral fascia and in front of the
vertebral column.
Diagram:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
_

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Table showing various embryological components of Brain:

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Diagram showing Brodmann numbers and effect of lesions:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Diagram showing Hypothalamic nuclei, functions and effect of lesions:

______________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Table showing neural columns and concerned nuclei:

Diagram:

______________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Table showing derivatives of pharyngeal arch apparatus:

Contd.

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
______________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Development of tongue:

Table:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Development of eyeball:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Sphenoid Bone:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Structures passing through various foramina in the skull:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Orbit:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Cochlea and Organ of Corti:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Diagram:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
______________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Nerves of Upper Limb:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Nerves of Lower Limb:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Superficial arteries of head and neck region:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Veins of the head and Neck:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Arteries of thorax:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Venous drainage of thorax and abdomen (posterior wall)

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Arteries of Upper Limb:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Veins of Upper Limb:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Arteries of lower limb:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)
Veins of lower limb:

___________________________________________________________________________
HAMS – Human Anatomy Made Simple (Dr Rajesh K Kaushal)