THE BUSINESS SCHOOL,

UNIVERSITYOF JAMMU

PROJECT REPORT ON
“WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN J&K”

NAME : SIMRAN KALSEE (56)

SUPRIYA GUPTA (61)
SUBJECT :BUSINESS RESEARCH
SUBMITTED TO :PROF. GARIMA KOHLI
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare, that the Project report on the topic “WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP”
A case study, completed and submitted under the guidance and supervision of Prof. Garima
Kohli, is my original work.
The preparation of the project report is based on my personal findings, several
visits, interaction with the women and consultation with the eminent scholars and secondary
sources.

Simran Kalsee
Supriya Gupta
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to give special acknowledgement to Prof. Garima Kohli for her consistent
support and motivation.

I am grateful to him for a technical expertise, advice and excellent guidance. She not only
gave my project a scrupulous critical reading, but added many examples and ideas to
improve it.

I would like to express my appreciation towards my Family and friends for their
encouragement and support throughout this project.

Simran Kalsee

Supriya Gupta
 CONTENT

Chapter no. Title

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

CHAPTRER 4 DATA INTERPRETATION

CHAPTER 5 FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

SUGGESTION
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Women are an important part of the society and play a significant role in nation building.
Equal opportunities need to be provided to them in every sector be it science, technology,
business, etc. for the development of the nation. A country can truly progress only when each
of its citizens is adequately empowered.

Women representation in the Indian start-up ecosystem is improving even as the Government
has eased norms to encourage entrepreneurship.

In 2018, about 25 per cent of the total start-ups that were founded either had a solo woman as
founder or more than one woman as co-founders, according to data collated
by BusinessLine from various sources.

As per data provided by start-up research and analytics platform Tracxn, 27 tech companies
were founded in 2018. Of this seven had at least one woman as a co-founder. In 2017, 53
companies were founded of which only 10, had female co-founders, which is 18 per cent.
This, however, is a huge improvement over 2016, where a mere 9 per cent of the start-ups
had women as co-founders.

Tracxn, co-founded by a woman- Neha Singh, provided data for all the start-ups that were
founded and funded in 2018 and 2017.

While earlier women entrepreneurs focused on consumer and retail segments, in the last two
years the trend has been changing with women spearheading segments such as fintech,
Artificial Intelligence, IoT, health-tech, ed-tech and insure-tech, the data showed.

Experts believe that women entrepreneurs have also started becoming more prominent in the
innovation economy even as start-ups have been a major agenda for NarendraModi-led NDA
government. The government’s start-up India programme launched in 2016, picked up pace
in 2017 with more focus on women entrepreneurs. In 2018, start-up India officially launched
a ranking of States and union territories on the basis of their initiatives that nurtured more
woman founders at the local level.

Besides several accelerators and incubators launched by corporates, banks and venture capital
firms are starting specific programmes dedicated to support women entrepreneurs.

A woman entrepreneur has been defined in the literature as “a woman who has initiated a
business, is actively involved in managing it, owns at least 50% of the firm, and has been in
operation one year or longer” (Moore &Buttner, 1998, p. 13). However, not all researchers
adopt the same definition. In the United States, for example, the Census Bureau defines
women entrepreneurs as leading firms in which they “own 51% or more of the interest or
stock of the business.” Sometimes, due to data restrictions, it is difficult to determine the
exact ownership split of a firm, or indeed, which of the owners is deemed to be the lead
entrepreneur or managing director. Thus, the definition of women entrepreneurs may also
include women who own less than 50%, are visibly involved in the management of the
business but do not necessarily hold the most senior role in the firm, or have not actually
started a business but are now running one as a managing director.

ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG WOMEN IN

J&K

The trend of development in J&K remains far from satisfactory. The long-term development
in the state of Jammu and Kashmir has largely remained a formidable challenge owing to a
number of factors. These include poor connectivity, hilly and often inhospitable terrain,
proneness to natural disasters, a poor resource base, weak infrastructural support, sparse
population density, shallow markets and politically volatile atmosphere which often leads to
law and order problems. All these factors have resulted in low economic activity, low
employment and low-income generation in the state and thus the state has remained caught in
what is called a classic ‘backwardness trap’. In such a dismal scenario the youth of Kashmir
are quite short of options with regards to avenues for economic engagements. The
socioeconomic status of women has particularly has remained as a cause as concern.
Traditionally, women have faced many obstacles in enjoying equal opportunities with men in
education, jobs, decision-making, policy framing etc. This has for long hindered the socio-
economic upliftment of women in J&K [10]. Though female literacy has increased from
42.22% in 2001 Census to 58.01% in 2011 but gender differential still exists both in rural and
urban areas. This differential can be due to a number of factors viz. lack of access to
education, insecurity among parents about sending girl children to schools, and girl children
being involved in agricultural and other domestic activities etc. A huge population of
Kashmiri women is unemployed amongst which a significant number of widows and half
widows are present which further aggravates the problem. Moreover due to illiteracy, limited
knowledge and skills and unavailability of resources among women, they are engaged in
informal and unorganized sectors where the wages are very low. This results in degrading
their quality of life and lowers their standards of livingKeeping all these problems among
J&K women in view, their economic empowerment is considered to be of paramount
importance in ensuring that are brought out of distress. Government has been trying to
encourage the women in J&K to take up new ventures and start self-employment by
implementing various programmes which support women. This is mainly done through the
efforts of following departments/organizations: State Women Development Corporation.
Social Welfare Department.

INTRODUCTION TO JKEDI

JKEDI has been established by the Government of Jammu and Kashmir in March 1997 to
effectively enable entrepreneurship development in the state. The Institute started its regular
activities in February 2004, with the appointment of full time Director and other core staff
members. JKEDI has positioned itself as a learning center par excellence with state-of-art
regional centers across the three regions of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh, enabling
entrepreneurship and promoting development at the grassroots. Jammu & Kashmir
Entrepreneurship Development Institute (JKEDI) strives to develop entrepreneurship and
entrepreneurship culture in the State of Jammu and Kashmir through awareness generation,
entrepreneurship education, skill up gradation, knowledge dissemination, attitudinal
modification and developing linkages with National and International organizations to make
entrepreneurship the most important component of State Economy. The institute is committed
to self-sustenance, positive and healthy work environment, team work, quality improvement,
excellence and professionalism in all aspects of its working. JKEDI undertakes various
programmes like Entrepreneurship Awareness Programmes (EAPs), Entrepreneurship
Development Programmes (EDPs), and Entrepreneurship Orientation Programmes(EOPs) to
develop entrepreneurial capabilities among youth of J&K conducted by the JKEDI. It has
emerged as a premier institution for entrepreneurship development and has bagged the award
for second best entrepreneurship institute in India. In tune with its vision and mission, the
institute aims to:

 Inculcate entrepreneurial values amongst the educated youth and motivate them to consider
entrepreneurship as a viable career option.

 Take steps in collaboration with education department to introduce entrepreneurship

courses in educational institutions.
 Orienting bankers and other officials of the support system to help create a conducive
support environment for entrepreneurship

. To utilize the services of the competent trainer motivators to institutionalize

entrepreneurship development
CHATPER 2
REVIEW OF
LITERATURE
2.1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Entrepreneurship has lately been recognized as important means of making significant
contribution to economic growth of the nations. The role of entrepreneurs is important as they
besides changing their own employment status from unemployed to employed also generate
employment opportunities to hundreds of unemployed youth. The significance of
entrepreneurship can be attributed to the fact that entrepreneurship stimulates economic
growth and development [2]. Realizing the importance of entrepreneurship, huge efforts are
being made to develop entrepreneurial skills particularly among the youth. With respect to
women, it has been particularly emphasized. It is because entrepreneurship besides being an
important tool for women empowerment has also been recognized as a significant means
whereby women can make huge contribution to economic development. Developing
entrepreneurial capacity among women ensures that they can utilize various entrepreneurial
opportunities available to them which may lead to their social and economic empowerment
[3]. In India, the participation of women in entrepreneurial activities is not quite encouraging.
The women have traditionally had a disadvantaged status owing to various gender based
discriminatory practices prevalent in the society. Women entrepreneurs particularly in Indian
context have a difficult time tackling the problems resulting from shortage of finances, male
dominant societal set-up, limited mobility, low educational levels, and lack of achievement
motivation [4]. Striking a balance between family life and professional life also emerges as a
challenge for women entrepreneurs [5]. Bose, V. [6] in the paper titled “An analysis of
Women Entrepreneurship Development Programs in the state of Kerela” has focused on the
various Central and State EDP programs. This study is based on the field survey of 50
women entrepreneurs who had attended EDPs conducted by government agencies. Data was
collected through direct interview. Also, the existing supportive agencies for development of
entrepreneurship in Kerela are discussed in detail. Further, suggestions to improve these
programs are put forth. The study reveals that in addition to the external facilities created, the
qualities of the individuals are also important. These qualities can be improved through
training. Also, the number of women learners turning into entrepreneurs is very low in Kerela
which can be attributed to various reasons. Pranjyothi and Sujatha [7] have conducted a study
on the various activities done by women and the various rural development programmes
initiated by the government and many other agencies of Karnataka. They have directed their
focus on one such organisation TECSOK (Technical Consultancy Services Organization of
Karnataka) which has played a vital role in developing human resource in Karnataka and
motivating women to start their entrepreneurial ventures. Training courses were conducted
and a regular follow up was extended by TECSOK which helped in obtaining financial
assistance for some projects. S.K. Dhameja [8] in his study tries to analyse the
entrepreneurial performance and problems of women in business in north-western India.
Personal interview of 175 women entrepreneurs was conducted. The entrepreneurs selected
had their enterprises established in the time frame of 1982 to 1996 and were employing 5 or
more people in their respective enterprises. The study highlighted the problems of women
entrepreneurs, which need to be properly addressed to encourage women and ensure growth
of their ventures.

Motivational factors for women entrepreneurship

In recent years there has been a lot of debate about the development of entrepreneurship
amongst women. Due to various cultural and social reasons, women in different parts of India
have different motives, aspirations, social status, needs and urges for starting a business.
Varied motivation needs and interests force women entrepreneurs for establishing an
enterprise. The main motives are fulfilment of ambition and pursuits of own interests which
is evident in almost all women entrepreneurs. Factors that normally make women to be
entrepreneurs include:
1. To earn money,
2. Power and Self Achievement
3. Family occupation (Second generation entrepreneurs)
4. Social Status
5. Did not want to work for others
6. Want to take independent decisions
It is essential for every women entrepreneur to assess the business management skill before
she starts her business as it provides the knowledge of one‟s strengths and weaknesses.
Management skills required for women entrepreneurs are she need to know how to deal with
people (especially the trade unions), manage day to day operations, organizing and planning
business strategy, be good at idea generation and product innovation. The other things which
are required are securing the capital required for the business, product promotional strategies
with proper market research and management development and training.
A woman with challenging attitude and firm determination will certainly manage her
enterprise successfully. Women are dreamers and confident of their abilities to deal with
problems and they believe that hard work is a sure ingredient to success in entrepreneurial
ventures. Successful women entrepreneurs have high need for achievement; they are risk
takers and have high personnel efficiency. Women are initiative and independent with
commitment of conviction.
Success depends on one‟s ability to prove the best by putting more efforts to succeed.
Though women have the traits of being an entrepreneur such as achievement-oriented,
responsible,
moderate risk factor, success-oriented, energetic, forward looking, organized, still the number
of women entering the entrepreneurship is very low. The reason for the minimum number of
women entrepreneurs is because a woman is given lower status in the society. Though
women are considered as weaker gender physically, mentally they are more capable and alert
in managing things. Women are easily accessible to management techniques and they adopt
them quickly with utmost sincerity and honesty. The Governments is also utmost importance
to the enhancement of women status in all sectors and walks of life. Effective strategies,
policies are being formulated and implemented to encourage women entrepreneurship.

Problems faced by the women

Women entrepreneurs face umpteen problems in running their enterprise beginning right
from the initial commencement of their enterprise. Itemized below are the various problems
that women entrepreneurs face in their day-to-day working:

A. Problem of Financing :Every enterprise has a primary requirement of finance. Absence or

shortage of funds hinders the basic setup of an enterprise. Women entrepreneurs face
shortage of funds because they usually do not have property in their names and thus have
a limited access to external sources of finance as this property cannot be used by them as
a collateral. Furthermore, banks and financial institutions doubt the creditworthiness of
women and thus deny them financial help. Thus, women have to either count on their
own savings or borrow from friends or family. Further, the process of securing a bank
loan is quite cumbersome and also becomes an obstacle in securing finance for starting a
venture. Financing problem has been cited by 75% women entrepreneurs in JK as
frequently faced challenge by them.This greatly hinders the prospects of women to set up
their own ventures and succeed in the same.
B. Procurement of raw material Procuring raw materials and other inputs that too at
reasonable rates is a tough task for entrepreneurs, especially women entrepreneurs. This
also hinders the growth of their units.
C. Stiff Competition Women entrepreneurs usually employ out-of-date technology in
production while their male counterparts have access to a better technology and are more
experienced. This puts women entrepreneurs at a disadvantageous position. Also due to
poor organisational set-up in the units owned by women compared to organised
industries they face a stiff competition . Further, proper advertising is also important for
the success of a venture. For this, women entrepreneurs require funds which are not
easily available to them. All this in the long run hinders the success of an entrepreneurial
venture.
D. Family responsibility :The primary role of women particularly in Indian context is to
raise a family, look after the children and do other household work. To start an
entrepreneurial venture and to succeed in that, she has to devote a lot of time and effort.
For this, she needs to create a balance between her family life and her professional life.
This may prove to be a big challenge for the women entrepreneur. Also, one of the
necessary condition for a women to start an enterprise is the support and approval of her
husband. Lack of this support may hinder her growth as an entrepreneur
E. Poor Education levels Women lag far behind men in education in the state of Jammu &
Kashmir. Socio-economic problems have illiteracy as their root cause. Women either are
uneducated or are provided with less and inadequate education when compared to males
in the society. This results in women having derisory knowledge about new technology,
new concepts in management, better methods of production, and various schemes
provided by the government, etc. Lack of education is therefore a big deterrent for
women to set up their own enterprise and succeed
F. High cost of Production The main reason for high cost of production is the use of
obsolete technology which may be due to slow adoption or non-adoption of technology.
This inefficiency on the part of women entrepreneurshinderstheir chances to succeed in
their entrepreneurial venture. High cost of production acts as a main impediment in way
of growth of women owned entrepreneurial ventures. Also, factors like lack of
entrepreneurial aptitude, male domination in the society, Low risk bearing ability of
women, social barriers, limited managerial ability, legal formalities, exploitation by
middle men, and lack of self-confidence also hinder the growth of women entrepreneurs.
 CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
Research is a creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of
knowledge on humans, culture and society. It is the investigation into and study of materials
and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusion.

4.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

a. To determine the outlook of women on entrepreneurship in the state of J&K.
b. To understand the opportunities available to women
c. To study the government policies available for women entrepreneurs
d. To highlight the challenges faced by women in setting up and running their enterprises.
e. To give relevant suggestions and conclusions

4.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This report gives an overview of current situation of women entrepreneurship in the state
j&k. The report analyses the problems faced the women in setting up a business and also the
motivational factors for the women.  The significance of this report
is that it will help us in better understanding the women and empowering thewomen.

4.3 SCOPE
This report is mainly limited to the women entrepreneurs in JAMMU.
It provides the details of the problems faced by women in starting an enterprise and the
factors motivating women to become women entrepreneurs.

4.4RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In view of the objectives of this report which are listed above, a simple random
sample as research design has been adopted to study the problems faced by women
entrepreneurs, a structured questionnaire covering different aspects of women
entrepreneurs was shaped and sent to the sample women entrepreneurs.
4.4.1 SOURCES OF INFORMATION
This report includes collection of data from both primary and secondary sources.
Primary data: Theprimary data has been collected by conducting a survey among the sample
women
entrepreneurs with the help of a well-structured questionnaire.
Secondary data: The secondary data has been collected from various, newspapers,
research projects, research papers, articles and internet.

4.4.2 SAMPLE DESIGN

Sample unit: women of jammu

Sample size: 30 respondents
Sampling technique:random sampling
Research instrument: closed end questionnaire
Statistical tool: pie charts

4.5 RESEARCH LIMITATION

The study is only confined to women of jammu and a very small sample of respondents.
Hence the findings cannot be treated as representative of entire Jammu and Kashmir.
Respondents may give biased answers for the required data. Some of the respondents did not
like to respond.
In our study we have included 30 women because of time limit.
 CHAPTER 4
DATA
INTERPRETATION
Q 1.The factors which motivate women to start their own business are:

RESPOND
6% 23%

EXPERIENCE
32% HOBBY
MEANS OF SURVIVAL
CREATIVITY
16% OTHERS

23%

INTERPRETATION:

32% women think that their creativity motivates then to start their own business and 23%
think it is the means of survival.
Q 2.Do you think women nowadays should start their own business venture and become an
entrepreneur?

RESPOND
32%

YES
NO
MAY BE
58%

10%

INTERPRETATION:

Most of the women think that they should start their own business. 58% women wants to start
their own business.
Q 3.Do you think Jammu is a place with a lot of opportunities to start a new venture?

RESPOND

34%
38%

YES
NO
MAY BE

28%

INTERPRETATION:

Mostly women agree that jammu is a place with a lot of opportunities to start a new venture.
38% women responded to yes and 34% women responded to may be.
Q 4.Do your own friends and family members encourage you to start your own business
venture?

RESPOND
31%

47% YES
NO
SOMETIMES

22%

INTERPRETATION:

47% women agreed that their friends and family members encourage them to start their own
business ventures.
Q 5.Do you think entrepreneurship allows women to become independent?

RESPOND

38%

46%
YES
NO
MAY BE

15%

INTERPRETATION:

Entrepreneurship allows women to become independent. 46% women agreed to this

statement.
Q 6.Do you think that Jammu being a small district has various areas which are yet
unexplored?

RESPOND
20%

YES
NO
MAY BE
57%

23%

INTERPRETATION:

57% women think that jammu being a small district has various areas which are yet
unexplored.
Q 7.Difficulty in Procurement of finance is one of the biggest factor that discourages women
entrepreneurs

RESPOND

43%

50% YES
NO
MAY BE

7%

INTERPRETATION:

50% women think difficulty in procurement of finance may discourage women

entrepreneurs.
Q 8.What is the preferred source of arranging finance by women for their start-ups?

RESPOND

23% 17%

SAVINGS
BANK LOAN
FAMILY AND FRIENDS
OTHER
27%

33%

INTERPRETATION:

33% women prefer arranging finance from family and friends.

Q 9.Since the concept of women entrepreneurship is growing in our district, do you think it
poses stiff competition for beginners or start-ups?

RESPOND
30%

40%

YES
NO
MAY BE

30%

INTERPRETATION:

As women entrepreneurs are growing in our district , mamy women think it may poses
stiff competition for beginners or start-up. 30% women agree to this statement.
Q 10.Do you think women face gender discrimination in society?

RESPOND

37%
40%

YES
NO
MAY BE

23%

INTERPRETATION:

40% women think that they face gender discrimination in the society.
Q 11.If a women wants to start business what problems are faced by them.

RESPOND

27% 3% 10%

NO OBSTACLES
NO SELF CONFIDENCE
23% NO WORK LIFE BALANCE
START UP FINANCING
MANAGEMENT SKILLS
ALL

17% 20%

INTERPRETATION:

27% women think that self confidence, work life balance, startup financing and management
skill, all these problems are faced by women to start a business.
Q 12.Do you think that government has launched sufficient schemes for women
entrepreneurs In your area?

RESPOND
27%

47%
YES
NO
MAY BE

27%

INTERPRETATION:

46% women are not sure that the government schemes launched have been in their area.
Q 13. Are your aware about JKEDI & their schemes?

RESPOND
20%

43%

YES
NO
MAY BE

37%

INTERPRETATION:

Only 20% women are aware about the JKEDI and their schemes. 37% women are not aware
Q 14. Do you think the schemes launched by JKEDI has reached Jammu district?

RESPOND
33%

YES
50% NO
MAY BE

17%

INTERPRETATION:

50% women think that JKEDI schemes has reached jammu district.
Q 15. Women entrepreneurs contribute about 22% of our country’s GDP. Do you think our
district entrepreneurs have contributed towards the national GDP?

RESPOND
27% 23%

YES
NO
MAY BE

50%

INTERPRETATION:

50% women think that our district entrepreneurs do not contribute towards the national GDP.
Q 16. Do you think start up India has benefited the women entrepreneurs in Jammu?

RESPOND
30%

YES
NO
MAY BE
57%

13%

INTERPRETATION:

57% women think that start up India has benefitted the women entrepreneurs in jammu.
Q17. Are women entrepreneurs provided trainings and guidelines by the government under
the start-up India scheme?

RESPOND
33%

YES
50% NO
MAY BE

17%

INTERPRETATION:

50% women think that women entrepreneurs are provided training and guidelines by
government under the start up India scheme.
 CHAPTER 5
FINDINGS,
CONCLUSION AND
SUGGESTIONS
 FINDINGS

 Most of the factors such as creativity and means of survival motivate the women to
start their own business.
 Majority of the women are of the view that Jammu provides a lot of opportunities for
women to go for entrepreneurship.
 Majority of the women agreed that factors such as procurement of finance,
competition, Gender discrimination is still faced by the women in society.
 Most of the women are encouraged by their family and friends to start new venture
 It was found that women still lacked awareness about government policies and
JKEDI.

CONCLUSION
India is a male dominated society and women are assumed to be economically as well as
socially dependent on male members. The absolute dependence seems to be diluted among
the high and middle class women as they are becoming more aware of personal needs and
demanding greater equality.
Women entrepreneurs faced lots of problems at start-up as well as operating stage
like, non-availability of finance, lack of management skills and having to perform dual role
one at home and other at work. Technological advancement and information technology
explosion have reduced the problem of women entrepreneurs. Along with technological
revolution, mental revolution of society is needed to change the attitude of the society and
provide women with democratic and entrepreneurial platform.
Thus, Women have the potential and the determination to set up, uphold and
supervise theirown enterprises in a very systematic manner. Appropriate support and
encouragement from the Society in general and family members in particular is required to
help these women scale new heights in their business ventures. The right kind of assistance
from family, society and Government can make these Women Entrepreneurs a part of the
mainstream of national economy and they can contribute to the economic progress of India.

SUGGESTIONS
One of the project‟s objective about giving suggestion and recommendations are given as
below. Right efforts from all areas are required in the development of women entrepreneurs
and their greater participation to take up entrepreneurial activities.

On the basis of the problems faced by women entrepreneurs and various

Other problems too, there is a provision of a number of Strategies for promoting
women entrepreneurship toovercome these problems. Such solutions or remedies can
be well understood as under:-

 Education has been instrumental in increasing the participation of women in

entrepreneurial activities. The formal education not only helps in acquisition of
requires knowledge for a job,which demands non-traditional skills but also imparts
knowledge about the differentoccupational opportunities. Good academic background
makes women confident in dealingwith problems in business in an effective manner.
Although it is a fact that entrepreneurship isnot a special preserve for the educated but
in the case of women already burdened with manysocial pressures, education is a
powerful tool in breaking down the barriers to successful entrepreneurship.

 There should be an incessant attempt to motivate, give confidence, inspire and assist
Women entrepreneurs.

 There should be continuous monitoring, improvement of training programmers,

Practical experience and personality development programmes to improvise their
overall personality standards.

 Potential women entrepreneurs should be exposed to different types of emerging

opportunities.

 Homemakers should be motivated to learn additional income.

 A women entrepreneur should herself set up an example by being successful and

should act as a role model. Since children have a tendency to emulate their parents,
the resultant effect would be automatic.
  A Women Entrepreneur's Guidance Cell should be set up to handle the various
problems of women entrepreneurs all over the state.

 Positive attitudinal change in the society recognizing the role of women as

entrepreneur may lead to the development of appropriate environment in which
women will be able to exploit their entrepreneurial talents.

Questionnaire

Demographic factors

1. Name:
 2. Age:
a) 18-27
b) 28-37
c) 38-47
d) Above 47

3. Qualification:

a) Basic schooling

b) Secondary education

c) Graduation

d) Post graduation

4. Marital status:

a) Married

b) Unmarried
c) Divorced
5. Occupation:
a) Businesswoman
b) Homemaker
c) Government employee
d) Others

specific questions

1. The factors which motivate women to start their own business are:
a) Experience
b) Hobby
c) Means of survival
 d) Creativity
e) Others
2. Do you think women nowadays should start their own business venture and become
an entrepreneur?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Maybe
3. Do you think Jammu is a place with a lot of opportunities to start a new venture?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Maybe
4. Do your own friends and family members encourage you to start your own business
venture?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Sometimes
5. Do you think entrepreneurship allows women to become independent?
a) Yes
b) No
c) May
6. Do you think that Jammu being a small district has various areas which are yet
unexplored?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Maybe
7. Difficulty in Procurement of finance is one of the biggest factor that discourages
women entrepreneurs
a) Yes
b) No
c) Maybe
8. What is the preferred source of arranging finance by women for their start-ups?
A) Savings
B) Bank loans
C) Family & friends
 D) Other
9. Since the concept of women entrepreneurship is growing in our district, do you think
it poses stiff competition for beginners or start-ups?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Maybe
10. Do you think women face gender discrimination in society?
a) Yes
b) No
c) maybe
11. If a women wants to start business what problems are faced by them.
a) No obstacles
b) No self confidence
c) No work life balance
d) Start-up Financing
e) Management skill
f) All
12. Do you think that government has launched sufficient schemes for women
entrepreneurs In your area?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Maybe
13. Are your aware about JKEDI & their schemes?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Maybe
14. Do you think the schemes launched by JKEDI has reached Jammu district?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Maybe
15. Women entrepreneurs contribute about 22% of our country’s GDP. Do you think our
district entrepreneurs have contributed towards the national GDP?
a) Yes
b) No
 c) Maybe
16. Do you think start up India has benefited the women entrepreneurs in Jammu?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Maybe
17. Are women entrepreneurs provided trainings and guidelines by the government under
the start-up India scheme?
a) Yes
b) No
c) maybe

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Entrepreneurship Development –By S.S Khanka. S. Chand & Company

Limited. (Ram Nagar, New Delhi-10055).
A Reflection of the Indian Women in Entrepreneurial World
www.iimahd.ernet.in/publications/data/2005-08-07indirap.pdf
www.indianmba.com/Faculty_Column/FC1073/fc1073.html
www.oppapers.com › Business & Economy Research Papers
www.asiaentrepreneurshipjournal.com/AJESVolIIIss1Malar.pdf
www.academicjournals.org/ajbm/.../Witbooi%20and%20Ukpere.pdf