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Grallsjes gil al) Golgly Ll wad yan 0 SSE NS fall Ming Set ob Liki ol olye Uae Wt et) Sand lll jl ual Fd ema) DAE Ga Well eats 9) sald ea Lipo gales Mays p VT It MI at Be Thee Ae Fo Ui ote oy pial 8) fF Re ll Lave ae Pal Gg yy OFS A Soe A UU al oat Lag J ALE SN COW She Bs yet) UW glul Ge 1 ay SL pally pevenrw| mew dahiusills deol ea ENNEJMA EZZAHR®ALo Musique Tunisienne au XX Sidcle INTRODUCTION : [La musique tunisienne siostre dans le cadre de Je musigue arabe orientale qui s'étend afographiquement “ahaa iy qu'au Maroc. en ent eae Elle x craic Pa I rcheseGe ta Hgne HslodGue ql ex ‘st le prineipal élément, 1 polyphonte y est pratiquement absene, Son évolution & travers lee ges, a ts marguce Pee Ucal imma ARTS ise sea Ge meqim est un enchainement pariclicr de phrases musicales ayant un effet voulu cur Pauditeur, Cette dversté de'mades drune part et de rythmes are pat & permis & a musique crabe mayon-rlentale annie ds ne pas avoir necours 2 Ja polyphonie qu et Yun des fondoments, dz la, musique ecldentle. Cest dant ce sens que s'est dbveloppse la musique clasique tunisienné qui est & tradition orale et dont 1e'préient depend tts Grotsment de ton passé riche, 1LBS PRINCIPALES FORMES DE LA MUSIQUE TUNISIENNE : Fr effes, 12 208 siti a bev toutes les formaés qué commatt Ie musique tunlsienne actuelle, 'S savalr 1 Réube, Te Bechtaf, Je Chghout # ts chanson populalre ‘Le Nouba reste cependant la plus encienne et la plus aathentique forme clessique-Andolouse d'origine, x Précervation aux musiclens tunisions, qui euxmémes' d'origine. andalouse, 1a tarnsmettaient par voic ‘orale: D'allleursc:3 mivsciens en fsisaient ‘un cheval de’ batallleen's'evertuant dé rapporter le plus grand nombre de Noubas afin de joulr du titre de grand musiien, Crest ainsi que s'est formé le nayaw'de la musique classique tunislenne qui a 618 par la suite tirichie ‘par Tes compostiears tunisiens dont Vidéal éiaivde: prendre la structure de Ia Nouba comme model. LA STRUCTURE DE LA NOUBA 1a pls ancien ttuctine musicale est dole Nouba gu a ‘rule jour au XIt stele C'est un cycle eal comple renfermant le classique le postclasique, Ie néoclessique et'Ie populate. Le classique sppetelt es, quelques vers qu’improvise le chantre, en sollte debut et dans le mode de ta Nous. saint ‘ces vols unt série de pelts potmes qui, au point de vue dela méttque, ne repondent pas ux norms ela xgese>: (pobme classique), Ces patts potmes pos. A known Tunisian ‘bourgeouis invitd, at his own expense, Kamil El Khoolt ‘hie contact with oriental music has indeed bom fruit: Thus was bora the first Tunlsien schoo! of ebm- Position with Ahmed El Wafi, His numerous compositions were marked by dhe introduction of new modes such as the: « chinae'» and ‘of new rhythms such as the « nawakt » (7/8) dhe < aqead » (9/8) ond the'« samai » (10/8) ‘which ate sille used today in Tunisian musts 1 Alter the death of Ahmed El Wai the muscial life in Tunisia went through # period of stagnetion raarked, however by the arrival of serval jewish musicians from Libya who brought into Tunisia a new style thet came to bbe in vogue, ic. the popular songs of the Fezzan rogion (Libyé ‘This period, during which there was! practially no Tutisian composition, ended in 1954°Wth the esta. ‘blishment ofi the Rachidia Incticate. This Insitute is considered even today, as the first quast offical institution ‘baving played a primary role in preserving, teaching and promoting tie’ natlonalhesitags: ‘The Insitute organized classes in solfeggio and'mode, and awarded prizes to the best compositions. ce tol ft myer Ca faerie te rh Skt kth e ane, "i, NEJMA EZZAHRAENNEJMA EZZA HimSP rv © cold gle) biaees ee Lo eae? EJMA EZZAHRA Th——— ee od Seg eg +g. o> pies ee) (= he ee dlaigidls easel @ a75 = EJMA EZZAHRbrea © VN dae ds=> we % Lgecsy Itles 3)? 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Sa ENNEJMA EZZAHR AJREPUBLIQUE TUNISIEANE MINISTERE DES AFFAIRES CULTURELLES DIRECTION DE LA MUSIQUE ET DES ARTS POPULAIRES PATRIMOINE MUSICAL TUNISIIEN (6 Fascicule ) La Musique Tunisienne au XX° Siécle Nawbets Rasd, Ramel El Maya et Nawa ae \ dctausills due S)