Micropile Design Calculations for Kenny Hill Formation

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY

ONLY Pile Design Report
Sample Design Calculations

For Micropiles in Kenny
Hill Formation
Generalized Subsoil Profile
- Generally flat terrain
- Subsoil profile:
0-3m, silty SAND, SPT=1- 5
3-6m, silty SAND, SPT= 15 - 50
6-20m, highly weathered sandstone
Schematic Detail
Mild Steel Capping Plate

L = 350mm
B = 350mm
Soil becoming Thickness = 1 0m m
weathered rock
Mild Steel Stiffeners
Thickness = 10mm
Pile Boring
Diameter = 200mm
API Pipe
O. D. = 127.0mm
Thickness = 9.2mm
fy (min) = 552 Mpa
L = 20.0m Grade = N-80
Cementitious Grout
W/c = 0.45
Fcu = 2 5 M pa
Safe Working Load

Pa = 80 tonnes
Lsocket = 20m
Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L Page 1

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Subject : Micropile Design
1.0 Material Pr
Properties
1.1 Basic Di
Dimensions an
and Properties
1.1.1 Micropile Diameter, D = 200mm
1.1.2 Pile Composite Modulus Ep = 41 GPa
1.1.3 Moment of Inertia, Ip = 7.85E+07 mm^4
1.2 Cementitious Grout

1.2.1 Max. water/cement ratio = 0.45
1.2.2 Anti-shrink / Additives = Adogroud 100g 150kg bag
1.2.3 Grout Area. Ac = 45686 mm"2
1.2.4 28 day Comp. Strength, Fcu' = 25 MPa
1.2.5 Density = 2000 kg /M^3
1.2.6 Elastic Modulus. Ec = 28 GPa
1.3 API Pipe Reinforcement

1.3.1 Source =
1.3.2 Outer Diameter, OD = 127 mm
1.3.3 Wall Thickness. t = 9.19 mm
1.3.4 Inner Diameter. ID = 108.62 mm
1.3.5 Cross Sectional Area, As = 3401 mm^2
1.3.6 API Specification = 5A-80
1.3.7 Grade Designation = N-80
1.3.8 Mm. Yield Strength, fy = 552 MPa
1.3.9 Elastic Modulus. Es = 210 GPa
1.4 Compliance with British Standards Designed Req. Min. Source

(Max)
1.4.1 Working Grout/API Pipe Bond (MPa) 0.8 12 BS8110
1.4.2 Grout Characteristic Strength, fcu (MPa) 25 20 BS8004
1.4.3 Cement content (kg/m"3) 400 00 BS8004
1.4.4 Grout working compressive stress,0.4fcu/FoS 0.2 x fcu 0.25 x fcu BS8004
1.5 Minimum Fa
Factors of
of Sa
Safety
1.5.1 Against Structural Failure = 2.00
1.5.2 Against Buckling Failure = 1.60
1.5.3 Against Geotech. Failure = 2.00 Skin Friction
1.5.4 Against Geotech. Failure = 2.50 End Bearing
2.0 Structural Design

Assuming that the applied vertical load is carried by the API Pipe alone.
2.1 Ultimate Load Capacity Pu = 0.87 x fy x As
= 1633450 N
= 1633.5 kN
= 163.3 tonnes
Use the Factor of Safety prescribed in Section 1.5 on Plate 2
2.2 Allowable Load Capacity Pa = 82 tonnes

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
2.3 Design Safe Working Load SWL = 80 tonnes
3.0 Geotechnical De
Design
Refer Piler Analysis for derivation of Geotechnical Safe Wo
Working
rking Load -Appendix ......
3.1 Design Length
3.1.1 Safe Working Load per Pile P = 800 kN
3.1.2 Nominal Diameter D = 200 mm
3.1.3 Embedment Ls = 20.0 m
3.2 Grout l API Pipe Bond

3.2.1 Ultimate Grout Pipe - Bond Stress, t (u) = 2.0 MPa
3.2.2 Factor of Safety = 2.5
3.2.3 Working Bond Stress, t (w) = 0.8 MPa
3.2.4 Req'd API Pipe Embedment in Grout = 2.5 m
< 20.0 m
Therefore, adopted socket length is OK
4.0 Buckling (P
(Pile Sl
Slenderness) Analysis no
not ap
appropriate
for Kenny Hill Formation
4.1
4.1 Pile
Pile End Conditio
ition
ns (Un
(Unfille
illed
d Cavi
Caviti
ties
es))
4.1.1 Pile Top (at Pilecap Level) = Fixed
4.1.2 Pile Base (at Rock Head Level) = Fixed
4.1.3 Ass. length in unfilled cavity L assumed = 1m
4.1.4 Effective Length - 0.7 x L L efeff. = 0.7 m
4.2
4.2 Eucl
Eucler
er''s Bu
Buckl
ckling
ing Lo
Load (Un
(Unfille
illed
d Cav
Caviities
ties))
4.2.1 Effective radius r = 41.8
4.2.2 Euler Critical Load Pe = @pi^2 - Ep l(Lelr)^2 = 1428 kN
FOS available = 9.78 OK
4.3
4.3 Elas
Elasti
tic
c Buck
Buckli
ling
ng Load
Load of
of Pil
Pile
e embe
embedd
dded
ed in
in Ove
Overb
rbur
urde
den
n (ie
(ie Win
Winkl
kler
er Med
Mediu
ium)
m)
4.3.1 Average SPT inin Overburden soils, N = 50
4.3.2 Est. Und. Cohesion Overburden soils, Cu = 6'N kPa 300 kPa
4.3.3 Modulus of Horiz. Subgrade Reaction, kh'c = 67*Cu
20100 kPa = 20.1 MPa
4.3.4 Elastic Buckling Load, Pcr = 2 x @sgrt (Ep x Ip x kh x d)
= 16014 kN
4.3.5 FOS available = 20.02 OK
5.0 Rate of Corrosion of Reinforcement

5.1 Ex Oil Drill API Pipe Reinforcement
5.1.1 Outer Diameter O.D. = 127.0 mm
5.1.2 Wall Thickness t = 9.2 mm
5.1.3 Internal Diameter I.D. = 108.6 mm
5.1.4 Cross sectional Area As = 3401 mm^2
5.1.5 API Specification = 5A-80
5.1.6 Grade Designation = N-80
5.1.7 Min Yield Strength fy = 552 MPa

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
5.1.8 Elastic Modulus Es = 210 GPa

5.1.
5.1.9
9 Allo
Allowa
wablblee Axi
Axial
al Wor
Worki
king
ng Str
Stres
esss (Clau
(Clause
se 7.4
7.4.6
.6.3
.3.1
.1 BS80
BS8004
04))
Fa = 50% of Yield Strength
= 276 MPa
5.2
5.2 Desi
Design
gn for
for allo
allowa
wabl
ble
e corr
corros
osio
ion
n as
as for
for shee
sheetp
tpil
iles
es w/o
w/o grou
grout/
t/
concrete protection
5.2.1 Allowable corrosion rate = 0.01 mm/year
5.2.2 Max. pile axial load Pa = 800 kN
5.2.3 Req'd Steel Area Asc = 2899 mm^2
5.2.4 Min. OD of API Pipe O.D. = 124.5 mm
5.2.5 Allowable Corrosion Period Tc = 255 years
Summary
No addi
additio
tional
nal reinfo
reinforce
rcemen
mentt requi
required
red,, Tc
Tc > Desi
Design
gn Life
Life of 50
50 years
years..
6.0 Pilehead Capping Details

Safe Working Load = 800 kN
6.1 Capping Plate Size

6.1.1 Assume characteristic strength of pileca f cu = 25 MPa
6.1.2 Permissible direct compressive stress fcu13.65 = 6.85 MPa
6.1 3 Req'd bearing area of capping plate = 116800 mm^2
Adopt plate of dimmensions (mm) 350 x 350 OK
6.2 Thickness of Stiffners

6.2.1 Allowable Axial Compressive Stress = 155 MPa
(Table 17 (a). BS449 : Part 2: 1969)
6.2.2 Contact Area of API Pipe on Capping Plate = 3401 mm^2
6.2.3 Stiffener projection beyond API pipe OD = 184 mm
6.2.4 Required thickness of MS Stiffeners t(s) = 2.4 mm
Adopt 10 mm
(4No. MS Stiffeners)
6.3 Thickness of Capping Plate

6.3.1 Allow Shear Stress on Capping Plate = 125 MPa
(Table
(Table 10. BS449:Part 2:1969)
6.3.2 Effect. Punching Shear Shear Perimeter = OD of API Pipe + Perimeter
- 8 x thickness of stiffeners
= 1599 mm
6.3.3 Required Thickness of Capping Plate = 4.0 mm
Adopt 10 mm
6.4
6.4 Allo
Allow
wabl
able Bea
Beari
rin
ng Stress
ress on Capp
apping
ing Plat
late
6.4.1 Allow. Bearing Stress on Capping Plate = 210 MPa
(Table
(Table 9. BS449:Part 2:1969)
6.4.2 Proj. Bearing Area (API + Stiffeners) = 10761 mm^2
6.4.3 Actual Bearing Stress = 74 MPa
< All. Bearing Stress, OK

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
6.5 Check Stiffeners for Buckling

6.5.1 Bearing Area of API Pile = 3401 mm^2
6.5.2 Bearing Area of 4No. Stiffeners = 7359 mm^2
Assume uniform distribution of Pile Axial Load,
6.5.3 Compressive Load per Stiffener = 136.8 kN
6.5.4 Pile head Embedment into Pilecap = 150 mm
6.5.5 Assume Stiffener Depth, d = 140 mm
(Conservative Estimate)
6.5
6.5.6 Slen
Slende
dern
rnes
esss Rat
Ratio
io of Stiffe
iffene
ner
r
d ' @sgrt(3)1 thickness of stiffener = 24.2
6.5.7 Allow. Compressive Stress = 146 MPa
(Table 17(a). BS449)
6.5.8 Allow. Buckling Load on Stiffener = 268.6 kN '
> Compressive Load of Stiffener,
Stiffener, OK
6.6 Check Bearing on API Pipe

Moment equilibrium about intersection of Capping Plate and API Pipe,
6.6.1 Bearing Force on API Pipe = 180 kN
6.6.
6.6.2
2 Assu
Assume
me mat
mater
eria
iall for
for API
API Pipe
Pipe to
to be equi
equiva
vale
lent
nt to G55
G55 stee
steel,
l,
6.6.3 Allow. Bearing Stress = 320 MPa
6.6.4 Allow Bearing Load = 448 kN
> Actual Bearing Force, OK
6.7
6.7 Fille
illett Wel
Weld
d Desig
esign
n (St
(Stiffe
iffen
ner to API Pip
Pipe)
e)
6.7.1 Weld Length per Stiffener = 2xd
= 280 mm per stiffener
6.7.2 Req'd Shear Load Capacity for weld = 0.49 kN/mm
Adopt 7 mm Fillet Weld

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Design Report
1. Introduction
This report presents the design criteria and design calculations for pile foundation for
Interchange 3 of Project B 15 Road Upgrading Works.
Works.
Interchange 3 is a cloverleaf interchange with arch shaped R.C bridge as shown below
From structural analysis the compression load coming over the piles from one half of the
bridge
bridge is 1260
12600
0 ton
ton while
while the other
other half
half is 2800
2800 ton in tens
tension
ion..
2. Site Condition
The topograph of the site is rolling to undulating. The subsoil condition is generalized as
shown above.
The top 12m to

to 16m from the OGL of the residual soil is clayey
clayey silt with SPT 6-39 (aver
age SPT=20): This is underlain by hard clayey silt sith
sith SPT exceeding 50 up to 28m bgi.
3. Analysis
Shallow foundation is not suitable because part of the formation is on filled ground and also
part
part of the founda
foundatio
tion
n is in tens
tension
ion or high
high compre
compressi
ssion.
on.
Driven spun piles cannot or not practical to provide adequate tension required. Large diam
eter bored piles are suitable for high compression and tension required.
4. Design Calculations
4.1 Compression pi
piles
The allowable compression load carrying capacity of the single pile has been cal
culated based on the SPT 'N" values, using the following
following formula.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Allowable load : Ab, af + As,fs

3 2
Ab = base area (m2)
qf = unit base resistance

= 400
400 Nb (in
(in SI-u
SI-uni
nit)
t),, Meye
Meyerh
rhof
of's
's Emp
Empir
iric
ical
al For
Formu
mula
la
Nb = averag
averagee 'N'
'N' over
over 5m
5m above
above and 3m belo
below
w depth
depth
being
being cons
conside
idered
red (< 50)
50)
As = Pile circumference area (m2)
fs = unit skin friction

= 2 Nave (in SI-unit)
Nave
Nave = Average
verage SPT value
value with
with depth
depth
Fact
Factor
or of
of safe
safety
ty of bas
basee resi
resist
stan
ance
ce = 3 to
to cont
contro
roll set
settl
tlem
emen
entt
Fact
Factor
or of
of safe
safety
ty of
of fric
fricti
tion
on res
resis
ista
tanc
ncee = 2
The detailed pile calculations are given in Appendix B.
4.2 Tension piles

The allowable tension load carrying capacity of single pile has been calculated
based
based on
on SPT
SPT 'N' values
values,, using
using follow
following
ing formul
formulaa
Allowable load = As . fs 2
As = Pile circumference area
fs = Unit skin friction

= 2 Nave (in SI-unit)
Nave
Nave = Average
verage SPT 'N' value
value with
with depth
depth
Factory of safety against friction resistance = 2
The detailed pile calculations are given in Appendix B.
5.1 General
 Diameter of Compression pile : 1500 mm with design load of 900 ton
 Diameter of Tension piles : 1200m with design load of 400 ton
 Estimated pile length = 19m socketing 3 times diameter into hard stratum of SPT> 50
5.2
5.2 Prel
Prelim
imin
inar
ary
y Loa
Load
d Tes
Tests
ts Anal
Analys
ysis
is
Compression load tests and pull out tests were carried out at the Interchange bridge site to
assess the performance of the piles installed to the design lengths.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
(a) West Abutment

The tension Test
Test Piles (No.81) located on the west abutments satisfied the per
formance criteria. Based on Prof Chin's Stability Plot:
Ultimate load : 1141 tonne
Average Unit Shaft Friction : 16 tonne/m 2
The compression Test

Test Pile No. 15 located ont the west abutments satisfied crite
ria at work load and 2 x work load but just failed to satisfy the recovery criteria.
Based on stability plot.
Ultimate capacity : 2,490 tonne
Ultimate Shaft capacity : 1,945 tonne
Mobilised Toe capacity : 548 tonne
Ultim
ltimat
atee Uni
Unitt Shaf
Shaftt Resi
Resist
stan
ance
ce : onne//m 2
39 tonne
Mobi
Mobili
lise
sed
d Uni
Unitt Toe Resi
Resist
stan
ancce : 310
310 to
tonne/m2
nne/m
Based on these assessment, piles were constructed to following toe elevations:

Compression Piles : RL 33.00
(5m longer than Test Piles)
Tension Piles : RL 31.00

(same length as Test Pile)
(b) East Abutment

Tension Pile No. 71 was tested. Pile satisfy the deflection criteria at working load
but howeve
howeverr failed
failed to atta
attain
in the
the 2 x worki
working
ng load
load withou
withoutt exces
excessiv
sivee movem
movement
ent..
Based on Stability Plot, the following capacitities can be estimated:
Ultimate Shaft capacity : 624 tonne
Unit Shaft Resistance : 9 tonne/m 2
This is much less than the 16.0 tonne/m2 value of tension pile No. 81. Based on
the evaluated value of 9.0 tonne/m2, all remaining working tension
piles
piles are
are inst
install
alled
ed to
to RL 21.00
21.00 toe
toe leve
level,
l, l O.Om
O.Om longe
longerr than
than the
the test
test pile.
pile.
Compression pile No. 65 was first tested. It failed to satisfy the performance cri
teria. Estimated capacities are:
Ultimate capacity : 1600 tonne
Ultimate Toe capacity : 1041 tonne

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Unit Shaft Resistance : 12 tonne/m 2
Mobilised Unit Toe

Toe Resistance 589 tonne/m2 Based on above results, Test Pile
No. 2 (Pile
(Pile No.66)
No.66) locate
located
d 4.50m
4.50m from
from P65
P65 was
was insta
installe
lled
d to toe level
level RL
RL 33.00
33.00
(5.Om longer). Theoretical ultimate capacity should be of the order of 1,900
tonnes. The test showed the following:
Ultimate capacity : 1520 tonne
Mobilised Toe capacity : 790 tonne
Ultimate Unit Shaft Resistance : 10 tonne/m 2
Mobilised Unit Shaft Resistance : 447 tonne/m 2
These are less than values obtained from P65, indicating significant variation in the sub
soil strength. Concreting procedures are satisfactory and concrete batch records
and test indicate supplied concrete complied with the requirements of the specification.
Concreting volume of pile does not indicate occurrence of collapse of borehole or neck
ing. Since the pile was concrete immediately after boring, strength relaxation due to
aging should not occured.
Based on above, all remaining piles are to be installed to toe levels 23. Pile No. P52 will
be test
test to asse
assess
ss amou
amount
nt of
of pile
pile head
head mov
moveme
ement
nt at
at worki
working
ng load
load and 2 x work
working
ing load.
load.
Estimated ultimate capacity of piles to toe level RL 23.00 is order 2,100 tonnes.
(c) Result
Resultss of loads
loads test
testss carrie
carried
d out at
at Interc
Interchan
hange
ge No.
No. 3 are show
shown
n in Figur
Figuree T1 to
to
T.

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INTERNAL USE ONLY

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY

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INTERNAL USE ONLY

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INTERNAL USE ONLY
5) Check fo
for bu
buckling lo
load
Qub = λ√Cu El
Where = λ = 10
CU = 15 kPa
E = 210 kN/mm2
I = 1/64 B (d 14 - d 24)
Qub = 10 √15 x 210 x B (101.64 - 85.444)

64 106
= 907 kN
Allowable Q b = 907

___
2
= 454 kN > 300 kN
OK
6) Check
Check for elasti
elasticc ccomp
ompres
ressio
sion
n
e = PL P = 300 kN
L = 10m
EP A = 31416 mm2
Ep = 35.3 kN/mm2
= 300 x10 x103

31416 x 35.3
= 3 mm

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INTERNAL USE ONLY
Sample Pile Design Calculations
1. Project : KKS Road Project

Piled Embankment for the approaches to Sg. Likas
Bridge.
2. Genera
nerallize
ized su
subso
bsoil prof
profiile.
le.
C
L
Piled embankment
Bridge
V.soft to soft clay

Sand Lenses
Stiff to hard
Sandstone/shale
* Flat alluvial formation
* Top 24m
24m cons
consist
istss of soft
soft to very
very soft
soft allu
alluviu
vium
m with
with few
few loca
localiz
lized
ed sand
sandy
y lense
lensess (Cu
(Cu =
10-20 kPa with an average of about 15 kPa except at lenses of sand). Stiff to hard
strata of about 2 - 4m thick overlying on highly to moderately weathered
sandstone/shale
sandstone/shale bedrock. WT is near the ground surface.
3. Analysis
Stability and settlement analysis have concluded that simple ground treatments by partial
sand replacement with high strength woven polyester geotextile reinforcement or vertical
drains are not possible to achieve FOS = 1.5 and or post construction settlement to be less
than 200mm for the first 5 years of service if height of embankment exceeds 4.2m.
Piled raft embankment is adopted in preference to EPS, elevated structure and stone column
treatment because:
a) EPS emba
embankm
nkmentent is
is techni
technical
cally
ly not
not accept
acceptabl
ablee becaus
becausee the site
site is
is subjec
subjectt to flood
flooding
ing
& the cost is high.
b) Elevat
Elevated
ed stru
structu
cture
re is
is about
about 30% more
more expen
expensiv
sivee (sepa
(separat
ratee analy
analysis
sis))
c) Though
Though trea
treatme
tment
nt by stone
stone colum
columns
ns is chea
cheaper
per,, it requi
requires
res long
longer
er time
time to cons
consoli
olidat
datee
and technically less superior
4. Design calculation
 Analysis has shown that driven R.C piles will be the most cost effective.
The site has no vibration or noise or ground heave constraints. Pile capacity of about
600 kN is chosen to get optimum pile spacing of 2 to 3m and raft thickness of 350 -
450mm for pile depth of about 30m.
 Use 250X250 R.C piles at spacing "x" bothways Max design capacity - 625 kN.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
 Load on each pile = x2.d.h, where x = spacing

d = soil density
= 20kN/m3 h
h = embankment height
 625 = x2.20.h
 x = (31.25/h)1/2
 For
For h = 6.5m
6.5m,, x = 2.1
2.19m
9m,, say
say 2.0m
2.0m
For h = 6.0m,
6.0m, x = 2.2m,
2.2m, say 2.0m
2.0m
For h = 5.5m,
5.5m, x = 2.38m,
2.38m, say 2.25m
2.25m
For h = 5.0m,
5.0m, x = 2.50m,
2.50m, say 2.25m
2.25m
For h = 4.5m, x = 2.64m,
2.64m, say 2.25m
2.25m (allo
(allow
w some
some traffic
traffic load
load of 10 kPa)
kPa)
Conclusion:
Use 250x250 R.C x 30m long at 2.0m spacing for h=6.5 - 6.0m & 2.25m spacing for h = 4-6m
(Pile capacity calculations enclosed).
R.C piles (MS 1314, Class 1) are designed as end bearing piles driven to set.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Design of Micropile
a) Design load per pile = 800kN

b) Diamet
Diameter
er of
of micro
micropil
pilee = 200
200mm
mm
c) Main reinforcement = 3 Nos of 50mm diam. deformed bars of yield
stress fy = 410N/mm2.
d) Factor of safety = 2.5 (min)
e) Grou
Groutt cha
chara
ract
cter
eris
isti
ticc str
stren
engt
gth,
h, fcu
fcu = 20N/ mm2.
20N/mm
Check Structural Capacity

Area of reinf, Asc = x 502 x 3
B/4
= 5892mm2
fcu = 20N/mm2
Area of grout, Ag = B/4 x 2002
= 31,416mm2
..Area of net grout = 31,416 - 5892
= 25,524mm2
According to BS 8110, clause 3.8. 4.3
Ultimate axial load, Pu = 0.4 fcu Ac + 0.75Asc fy
= 0.4x20x25,524 + 0.75x5892x410
0.75x5892x410
= 2,016kN.
.. Factor of safety = Pu/800
= 2.53
> 2.5 O.K.
Check Bond Length Required

- Dept
epth of
of mi
microp
cropil
ilee = 20m
20m
At least l0m will be embedded in very hard decomposed granite SPT, N > 50.
- Bond
Bond bet
betwe
ween
en gro
grout
ut & har
hard
d form
format
atio
ion
n = 0.4N
0.4N/mm2
/mm
.. Min
Min req
requi
uire
redd bon
bond
d len
lengt
gth
h in
in har
hard
d
formation, I b = 800 800 x 2.5
2.5 x l 000N
000N
B x 200 x 0.4
= 7958mm
= 8.0m.
< 10m
10m pro
provi
vide
ded
d O.K
O.K..
Design of M.S. Plate for Pile Head

Use 250mm x 250mm x 20mm M.S. plate
Stre
Stress
ss on plat
platee 800 x l03 N
= 800
250 x 250
= 12.8N/mm2
< 155N/mm2 O.K.
(allowable stress BS449)
Details of Micropiles & works specification are encl

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Works Specification for Design and Installation of

200mm Diameter Micropiles
1. Scope
Scope of work
work shal
shalll incl
include
ude design
design & inst
install
allati
ation
on of 200
200mmmm diam
diam micr
micropi
opiles
les of 20m provi
provi
sional length. The micropiles shall be reinforced with 3 Nos. of 50mm diam deformed bars
(fy = 410N/mm2) The workin workingg load
load of
of the
the micro
micropil
pilee is 800
800KN.
KN.
2. Drilling
Initial drilling involves installation
installation of 242mm diam conductor casing through loose soil
(about 1.5m) by means of rotary boring or equivalent. Upon reaching hard/stiff formation
down the hole hammer will be used to advance the borehole till a minimum penetration of
10m in very hard decomposed granite. The drilled hole will be flush clean by compressed
air before the reinforcement bars are inserted into the hole. Suitable coupling device will be
used. During drilling, a complete record of soil strata will, be taken for Engineer's inspec
tion.
3. Grout Mix
Ordinary Postland cement with water cement ratio of 0.5 will be used Non-shrink cement
admixture will be added to improve bonding.
4. Grouting Pr
Procedure
A high speed Koken grout mixer is used for the mixing of the cement grout. The capacity
of the grout mixer is about 25-0 litres.
For grout mixing, 100 litres of water with some non shrink admixture is poured into the
mixer follow by 4 bags of 50 kg. ordinary Portland cement then allow to mix throughly,
normally a few minutes. After mixing, the cement grout, a pressure hose is connected to the
grouting pipe which acts as tremie pipe for grouting. The other end of the pressure hose is
connected to a diesel engine high pressure pump.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Micropile Design Calculations
Micropile design for underpinning works for an old building is shown as follows. The subsoil con-
sists of about 3m of very soft clay,
clay, 5m to 8m of stiff to hard sandy clay with gravels (SPT = 11 to
42). The bedrock generally consists of highly weathered and fractured sandstone/shale (RQD = 0 -
25%, UCS = 7.5 Mpa).
1) Micropile de
details
Diameter of micropile = 200 mm
Des
Design
ign load
load of micr
microp
opil
ilee = 300
300 kN
Pipe diameter = 101.6 mm
Pipe wall thickness = 8.08 mm
Steel grade (API pipe) = N80
Yield strength = 500 N/mm2
(a)
(a) Chec
Check
k for
for str
struc
uctu
tura
rall capa
capaci
city
ty
Ultimate structural capacity
PU = B (101.62 -85.44 2) X 500 kN
4 1000
= 1187 kN
Applying factor of safety of 2.5.
Allowable structural capacity.
PA = 1187
2.5
= 475 kN > 300 kN
OK
(b)
(b) Chec
Check
k for
for geot
geotec
echn
hnic
ical
al capa
capaci
city
ty
Based on boreholes BH1 and BI-12, the depth of bedrock (sandstone/shale) varies
from 8.7 m to 11.0 m b.g.l. Since the overburden soil consists of about 3.0 m of very
soft soil, the shaft friction on the remaining overburden soil (5 to 8 m) with N value
of 11 to 42 should be ignored and the micropiles are designed to be socketed into the
bedroc
bedrock.
k.
The socketing length in rock, L, is worked out as follows:
FS Qa = 0.05 qa B D x L + 0.5q

0.5q a B D2
4
where FS is the factor

factor of safety
safety
= 2.5

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Qa = Allowa
Allowable
ble geot
geotech
echnic
nical
al capac
capacity
ity
q a = Unconfined
Unconfined compressiv
compressivee streng
strength
th of rock
= 7.5 Mpa for sandst
sandstone
one/sh
/shale
ale
Bond stress = 5% of UCS of rock
D = Diameter of micropile hole
2.5 x 300 = 0.05 x 7.5 x 103 x B x0.2

x0.2 L +
0.5 x 7.5 x 103 x B x 0.22
4
750 = 235.6 L + 117.8
L = 2.68 m
Designed socketing length of pile = 3.0 m
2) Chec
Check
k ove
overa
rall
ll unde
underp
rpin
inni
ning
ng pile
pile supp
suppor
ortt
Estimated total load of the whole building (3 storey).
= 2,000 tons
No. of micr
micropi
opile
le poin
points
ts = 95
Load on each pile = 2,000
95
= 21 tons
Working load for each micropile provided = 30 tons
OK
3) Check
Check for
for anchor
anchorage
age bon
bond
d betwe
between
en unde
underpi
rpinni
nning
ng pile
pile and the existi
existing
ng foun
foundat
datic
ic
Since epoxy grout is used to fill the hole formed by the micropile in the existir foundation
and the strength of epoxy grout is much higher than the concrete strength, it can be consid
ered as monolithic for the whole foundation.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Critical section
for shear check
Existing
Column Proposed 200mm
Stump Ø micropile
650mm
100
mm
1900mm
4) Chec
Check
k for
for shea
shearr fai
failu
lure
re of exis
existi
ting
ng foun
founda
dati
tion
on..
Perime
Perimeter
ter for shear
shear check,
check, p = 190
1900
0 mm
Effe
Effect
ctiv
ivee dept
depth
h of foun
founda
dati
tion
on,, d = 1050
1050-5
-50-
0-10
10
= 990 mm
Maximum reaction load, V = 300 kN
Shear stress, V = V
Pd
= 300 x 103
1900 x 990
= 0.16 N/mm2
From Table 3.9, BS 8110 for d > 400 mm and

100As/bd = 0.25 (nominal reinforcement), allowable shear stress V c = 0.40 N/mm2
V<Vc OK
In grouting operation, the cement grout is pumped into the borehole through the pipe by
tremie method. All loose material, cuttings and water in the borehole are displaced by the
cement grout. Pressure applied should be just adequate to displace the cutting and water
from the borehole. Temporary casings should be withdrawn where cement grout overflow
from the casing and top up cement grout if necessary.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Item
De s cription Quantity Unit Rate $ ¢
No.
A. Design
Design and install
install cast in-situ
in-situ 800k
800kN N worki
working
ng
capacity
capa city micropiles
micropiles complete
c omplete with
with
reinforcem
reinforcement
ent as sh own on the d rawings
rawings in
provisional
prov isional lengths
lengt hs 20.0m
20.0m and pres su re-
grouted with and including
including app roved grout ing
material, drill
drilling
ing in all type s o f so ils
ils a nd
rock and all coring
coring casings , linings,
linings, p lugs,
etc. and disposal of all excavated material
and debris from site.
Design information:-
information:-
a) Diam
Diameter
eter of piles: 200m
200mm m
b) Main bars : 3Y
3Y50
c) Links
Links : R05
R05 helical link
link @ 100m
100mmm c/c
c/ c
d) Steel cas ings : 292m
292mmm O.D
O.D x 9mm
9mm thick
e) Grout:
rout : Cem
Cement
ent grout,
grou t, w/c = 0.5, 20N/m2
0.5, fcu = 20N/m
f) Grout add itives
itives : Non
Non s hrink admix
admixture
ture
g) Factor of safety : 2.5
2.5
h) Bond s trength: 0.9
0.9N/mm2
N/mm
i) Bond length:
length: 10m
10m
j) Ultim
Ultimate
ate load:
load : 2016
2016kN
kN
k) Capacity: 800
800kN
kN
l) Working
Working load: 800k
800kNN
m) etc
Design and install all

all capping plates and
sta rter bars
bars
Design information:-
information:-
Plate size: 250 x 250mm

Plate thickness
th ickness : 25m
25mm
B. Star
tarter
ter bar
bar siz
size: 3Y50 or 8Y25

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Proje
ojek : Cadangan BlBlok Tam
Tamb bahan pada Ho
Hospi
spital
Bersalin di Hospital Besar, K.Lumpur.
1.0 Tujuan
Laporan ini bertujuan untuk menyampaikan laporan penyiasatan tanah dan syor-syor
asas yang sesuai bagi:Projek blok tambahan pada hospital bersalin, Kuala Lumpur.
Lumpur.
2.0 Skop Projek

Perlaksanaan projek ini melibatkan pembinaan blok tambahan 2 tingkat di Hospital
Bersalin. Blok yang dicadangkan ini dikelilingi oleh bangunan sedia ada.
3.0 Keadaan Tanah

3.1 Sebanyak
Sebanyak 3 ujian
ujian gerekan
gerekan dalam
dalam telah dijalanka
dijalankan.
n. Hasil
Hasil ujian
ujian menunj
menunjukkan
ukkan
keadaan lapisan tanah seperti berikut :-
Ukurdalam(m) Jenis Tanah SPT (b
(blows/ft.)
0 - 4.5 Very soft CLAY 0-4
4.5 - 9/10.5 Loose SAND 1-7
9/10.5-13.5/16.0 Stiff silt or CLAY 1-9
13.5/16.0 Limestone RQD = 73 - 100%.
>16.0 Limestone -
3.2
3.2 Kedu
Kedudu
duka
kan
n aras
aras air
air baw
bawah
ah tan
tanah
ah ial
ialah
ah 1.4
1.45m
5m..
4.0 syor-syor Asas

4.1 Penapak
Penapak konkr
konkrit
it tetula
tetulang
ng adalah
adalah tidak
tidak sesuai
sesuai kerana
kerana keupayaa
keupayaan
n galas
galas yang
yang rendah
rendah
dan jugs paras air bawah-tanah adalah tinggi.
"Driven R.C. or steel piles" adalah juga tidak sesuai kerana masalah "noise &
vibration" dikawasan Hospital sukar diterima. "Inclined bedrock" juga mungkin
mengakibat "excessive pile deviations".
Syor-syor asas yang dicadangkan adalah seperti berikut :-
Jenis Bangunan Jenis Asas Saiz Panjang Keupayaan Geseran Beba

(mm) (m) galas yg Kulit Ujian
dibenarkan negatif
Blok Tambahan Cerucuk 200Ø 16.5-19 200kN - 400kN

mikro with 102
(micropile) API paip
(4”Ø)
4.2 Cerucuk
Cerucuk mikro hendaklah
hendaklah digerudi
digerudi sehingga
sehingga ke paras
paras batukapur
batukapur dan dikunci
dikunci
(key) minima 3m ke dalam batukapur.
4.3 Sekura
Sekurang-
ng-kur
kurang
angnya
nya 2 bilan
bilangan
gan ceruc
cerucuk
uk digun
digunaka
akan
n untuk
untuk setiap
setiap tiang.
tiang.
4.4 Jack
Jack pile
pile (200x20
(200x200xl
0xl5m)
5m) juga
juga boleh
boleh diteri
diterima
ma sebaga
sebagaii cerucuk
cerucuk ganti
gantian.
an.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
5.0 Syor-syor Tambahan

5.1 Jika
Jika rongga
rongga (cav
(cavity
ity)) ditemu
ditemui,
i, ceruc
cerucuk
uk henda
hendakla
klah
h dipanj
dipanjang
angkan
kan
melebihi rongga dan dikunci (keyed) minima 3m ke dalam batukapur
tanpa rongga. (rujuk Fig. 1).
5.2 Untuk
Untuk mengatasi
mengatasi masalah
masalah penanaman
penanaman micropile
micropile dirongga,
dirongga, penender
penender mestilah
mestilah
diarah mengemukakan cadangan sistem 'micropile installation' dan teknik-teknik
'grouting' dirongga semasa tawaran dibuat.
6.0 Hal-hal lain

Satu set rekod penanaman cerucuk-cerucuk yang diuji berserta ujian beban hendaklah
dihantar ke Unit Makmal bagi tujuan dokumentasi.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Lampiran ‘A’
Micropile Specfication
1. General
The work involves the construction of 200mm (8") diameter micropile. The micropile shall
be fabr
fabrica
icated
ted using
using stee
steell tube
tube and
and the
the bond
bond length
length of micr
micropi
opile
le shal
shalll be 16m or dire
directe
cted
d
by the
the S.O.
S.O. The workin
working g load
load of
of micro
micropil
pilee is 200 kN and
and fact
factor
or of
of safet
safety
y used
used in
in desig
designn is
2.0. The whole of work and materials shall be in, accordance with curreht Malaysian or
British Standard or other National Standards approved by the S.O.
2. Reinforcement
Steel
Steel grade
grade - HFS 16
16 (BS: 1775 - 1964)
1964)
External diameter 139mm (51/2”)
Thic
Thickn
knes
esss - 9.5m
9.5mmm (3/
(3/8"
8")) 2
Yield strength - 250 N/mm (16 Tsi)
3. Grout
The grout shall be thcFoughly mixed with Ordinary Portland Cement (MS522) and water
(MS28). The grout shall be Antishrink cement grout. The water cement ratio shall be 0245 -
0.50. The 28 days. Strength for cement grout shall be 25N/mm (3570 psi). The representa
tive cubes shall be collected on each day of grouting works for testing on the 28th days.
Details of admixture shall be submitted to the S.O. for approval before commencement of
works. The use of the admixture shall comply with instruction by the manufacturer & MS
922. The grout shall be free from segregation, slumping, & bleeding of water and fine
materials during and after placing.
4. Installation
a) Drilling
The drilling for installation of micropile shall guarantee the absence of Vibration
Vibration
which may cause damage to the existing building. Adequate precaution must be
taken to ensure boreholes for micropile do not collapse during drilling.
If necessary, temporary casing shall be used. During drilling of borehole, the con
tractor shall maintain complete record of soil profile. The logging shall include
depth of soil and water table. This drilled hole Viand! soil bore log shall be
signed by contractor's site representative and a copy of which shall be deposited
with the S.O. The contractor shall be required to keep representative sample of
soil for each soil profil in plastic bag for inspection by.the S.O. Sample may only
be disp
dispose
osedd after
after the S.O.
S.O. is satisf
satisfied
ied that
that the
the loggi
logging
ng has
has been
been proper
properly
ly done
done..
The type-of drilling equipment shall be approved by the S.O. The drilled hole
shall be flushed ckean.with air or water.
b) Fabrication of micro pile

Method of splicing of bars or pipes shall be approved by the S.O. Centralisers at
about 3m centre must be used to ensure a minimum cover of 25mm or directed
by the
the S.O.
S.O.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
c) Grouting
The contractor shall also provide details on method and equipment used in grout
mixing. Further information such as grouting pressure, grouting procedure, grout
ing equipment and techniques employed in grouting under water shall also be
furnished and approved by the S.O.
'To
'To prevent deterioration of strength of soil, soil coring, installation of reinforce
ment and cement grouting shall be carried out in one continous operation.
5. Load Testing
Micro-pile shall be load tested to 2 times design load using the Maintain Load Test.
Minimum of one (1) load test shall be carried out. The contractor shall also specify and pro
vide details of the method of load testing. Micropile shall be constructed only after the pre
liminary pile pass the load test requirements of JKR standard specification for building
Works.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Contoh
Contoh Jadual Sebut Harga
Bi l . Description Un i t Q u anti ty Rate $
1 MI CROP I LE S
(ALL PROVISIONAL)
A. Allo w f o r P r elim in ar ies I t em
B. P r ov
ov id
ide al
all n ec
ece ssssa ry
ry pi
pilin g
equipment on site, maintain on site,
dismantle and remove from site on
complet ion, allow for all standing
or idling time and cost of operation
f o r t h e wh o le o f p ilin g wo r k s. I t em
C. I ns
nst al
alla ti
tio n o f 2 00
00 mm
mm di
dia m
mee te
te r
Micropiles in soil, including coring,
4" diameter pipe, steel plate head,
joint ing and ext ension and grouting MR
in cement , all as specified
specified (50
posit ions)
D. Provi
Provid
de all
all nece
necesssary
ary pi
pile testin
testing
g
equipment
equipment on site, dismantle and
remove from site on completion.
Test 200mm diameter Micropiles in soil
as sp ecif ied. NO

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Lampiran E1
Pile Design
for
SMK (Perempuan Raja Zarina)
Kelang
1. This
This proje
project
ct consi
consists
sts of cons
constru
tructi
ction
on of
of one
one addit
addition
ional
al 3-st
3-store
orey
y schoo
schooll block
block..
2. Max column load = 57 ton
3. This
This is a typic
typical
al coast
coastal
al alluv
alluvium
ium site
site wher
wheree first
first 60ft
60ft to 100
100 ft cons
consist
istss of very
very soft
soft clay
clay
4. Deep
Deep Soundi
Sounding
ng is very
very suit
suitabl
ablee and 4 nos
nos of
of D/S resu
results
lts give
give cons
consist
istent
ent resu
results
lts as shown
shown in
in
Lampiran E-1
5. The site
site is
is a flat
flat land
land and the
the first
first 4 ft
ft is impo
importe
rted
d fill
fill (about
(about 5 years
years ago)
ago) Negat
Negative
ive fric
frictio
tion
n
has to be checked.
6. Sele
Select
ctio
ion
n of
of pil
piles
es (Ref
(Refer
er to Fig.
Fig. 1)
6.1 Non displaceme
displacementnt piles
piles not suitable
suitable because
because of
of low column
column load
load and
and very
very soft
soft clay
clay
near the first 100 ft.
6.2 Timber
Timber pile also not suitable
suitable bacause
bacause its
its max
max length
length is about
about 40 ft.
ft. only
only..
6.3 Use 12" x 12"

12" x 100
100 ft R.C.
R.C. pile
piless Desig
Design
n load
load = 30
30 Ton/
Ton/pil
pilee (max)
(max)
7. Chec
Check
k Pil
Pilee Cap
Capac
acit
ity
y (Re
(Refe
ferr to
to Lam
Lampi
pira
ran
n E-1
E-1))
From D/S results
Qu = Qs + Q p
where Qu = ulti
ultima
mate
te capa
capaci
city
ty
Qs = skin
kin fri
frict
ctio
ion
n
Q p = end resistance

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
7.1 Skin friction, Qs

Based on total friction (remoulded)
At 30m (100ft), total friction = 3,000 kg.
Qs = tube
tube fricti
friction
on x-pi
x-pile
le peri
perimet
meter
er
tube perimeter
= 3,00
3,000
0 x (12"
(12" x 2.5
2.54
4 x 4)
11.3
= 32,300 kg
kg
= 30 Ton.
Based on local friction (undisturbed)
Qs = (8.5 x 0.05 + 7.5 x 0.13

0.13 + 13
13 x 0.27
0.27 + 0.9)
0.9) x 3.28
3.28 x 4 x 0.92
0.92
= 70 Ton
Sensitivity = Q s (undisturbed)
Qs (remoulded)
= 70
30
= 2.3,
2.3, wit
withi
hin
n usua
usuall rang
rangee
Q's = " Qs, where " = 0.7 (Bjerrum)

= 0.7 x 70
= 49 Ton
7.2 End Re
Resistance, Q p,
Q p = 80 (kg/cm2) x 1 ft2 x 0.92
= 73.6 Ton
Qu = 49 + 73.6
= 122.6 Ton

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
7.3 Negative friction

Negati
Negative
ve fric
frictio
tion
n for
for piles
piles at spac
spacing
ing more
more than
than 3 x diame
diameter
terss is
f n = 0.2 Po (Bjerrum)

where Po = effe
effect
ctiv
ivee ove
overb
rbur
urde
den
n
= γ h
= 100'
100' (10
(100p
0psf
sf - 62.
62.4
4 psf)
psf)
= 3760 psf
Max. f n = 0.2 Po

= 0.2 x 3760
= 752 psf
Average f n = (0 + 752)/2

= 376 psf
Total negative friction = f n x As

= 376 x (10
(100
0 x 4)
= 150,400 lb
lb
= 67 Ton
7.4 Allowable lo
load, Qs
The negative skin friction, Q N should only considered in combination with dead
load because QN acts mainly at the lower portion of the pile and would only affect
the settlement.
2.5 QD.L = Qu - Q N
QD.L = 70% Qa
2.5 x 0.7Qa = Qu - Q N

Qa = (Qu - Q N) /1.75
= (122
(122.6
.6 - 67)/
67)/1.
1.75
75
= 31 Ton
say 30 Ton/pile
Notes
Notes : The fillin
filling
g is don
donee about
about 5 years
years ago.
ago. At leas
leastt 60 - 70%
70% conso
consolid
lidati
ation
on com
com
pleted
pleted..
f n used is about the same as the undrained shear strength. Hence QN estimated is on the
light side.
To prevent tensile stress and buckling during driving, free drop hammers is preferred.
8. Recommendation
Use 12" x 12" x 100 ft R.C. piles
Friction piles, driven to the required pene:,tration and load test to verify the capacity. (No
"set" required).# Load tests after 4 weeks of driving.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Memo
Daripada:
Daripada: Penolong
Penolong Pengarah
Pengarah Makmal,Caw
Makmal,Caw.. Rekaben
Rekabentuk
tuk & Penyel
Penyelidik
idikan,
an, IP.
IP. JKR
JKR
Kepa
Kepada
da:: Peno
Penolo
long
ng Peng
Pengar
arah
ah(B
(Bin
inaa
aan)
n),, Ibu
Ibu Peja
Pejaba
batt JKR
JKR,, K.L
K.L..
Bil surat: (X) dlm. PKR.RB 4112 Tarikh : 26.3.1983
Per: Cadangan
Cadangan Masjid
Masjid Baru
Baru di Batu 31/2,
31/2, Jalan
Jalan Cheras,
Cheras, K.L.
Berhubung dengan perkara yang tersebut di atas, sukacita dimaklumkan bahawa cadan
gan asas yang disyorkan adalah seperti berikut:-
1. Kep
Keputus
utusan
an pen
penyi
yias
asat
atan
an tan
tanah
ah
Sebanyak 28 Nos. Proba JKR dan 5 Nos. “Deep Boring” telah dijalankan ditapak projek
itu. Keputusan
Keputusan - keputusan
keputusan yang diterima menunjukkan bahawa kawasan projek ini
adalah terdiri daripada batu kapur. Paras batu kapur adalah daripada 2.5m hingga 14m
daripada paras permukaan tanah sedia ada. Oleh kerana keadaan batu dasar yang susah
untuk diramalkan, langkah-langkah pengawasan dan faktor keselamatan yang lebih
tinggi perlu diambil di dalam rekabentuk asas.
2. Syor-syor asas
2.1 Jenis - jenis
jenis asas
asas yang
yang disyorkan
disyorkan adalah
adalah sepert
sepertii dicatitkan
dicatitkan di dalam
dalam Lampiran
Lampiran A.
Sebelum kerja - kerja ‘piling’ dimulakan sekurang - kurangnya satu ujian Proba Proba JKR
perlu
perlu dija
dijalan
lankan
kan di seti
setiap
ap kedu
keduduk
dukan
an tian
tiang
g untuk
untuk menent
menentuka
ukann paras
paras batu
batu dasar
dasar (>400
(>400
blows/
blows/kakkaki).
i). Sekira
Sekiranya
nya paras
paras batu
batu dasar
dasar dida
didapat
patii kuran
kurang
g darip
daripada
ada 4.5m
4.5m dibaw
dibawah
ah per
per
mukaan bumi, adalah dicadangkan
dicadangkan supaya menggunakan “R.C.cylinder
“R.C.cylinder foundation”
(sila lihat Lampiran
Lampiran A & B)
2.2 Sekurang
Sekurang - kurangnya
kurangnya 2 cerucuk
cerucuk perlulah
perlulah digunakan
digunakan ditiap-ti
ditiap-tiap
ap kedudu
kedudukan
kan tiang
kecuali jika ‘R.C.cylinder foundation’ digunakan. Tiap
Tiap - tiap tiang hendaklah diikat den
gan rasak bawah dikedua - dua arah. Ini adalah sebagai langkah awas oleh kerana terda
pat rongga
rongga - rongg
ronggaa dan
dan kemun
kemungki
gkinan
nan masala
masalah
h surut
surutan.
an.
2.3 Untuk
Untuk memperoleh
memperolehii pengawasa
pengawasan n yang lebih
lebih baik semasa
semasa memacu
memacu cerucuk
cerucuk tukul
tukul jatuh
jatuh
bebas(
bebas(fre
freee drop
drop hamm
hammer)
er) dicada
dicadangk
ngkan
an supa
supaya
ya digu
digunak
nakan.
an. Ini ialah
ialah supa
supaya
ya ceru
cerucuk
cuk tidak
tidak
menerima hentaman dan menyimpang berlebihan (overdriving and excessive deviation)
oleh kerana keadaan batu dasar yang mencerun (inclined bedrock surfaces).
2.4 Hujung
Hujung cerucuk
cerucuk keluli
keluli hendakla
hendaklah
h dikeluli
dikelulikan
kan dengan
dengan plat
plat yang lebih.
lebih. Ini
Ini adalah
adalah perlu
perlu
untuk menahan tegasan yang berlebihan (withstand overstressing) apabila cerucuk sam
pai ke para
parass batu
batu dasa
dasarr.
2.5 Sekurang
Sekurang - kurangnya
kurangnya 2 nos.
nos. kumpulan
kumpulan cerucuk
cerucuk (pile
(pile group,
group, NCT single
single pile)
pile) perlul
perlulah
ah
dipilih untuk ujian beban. Satu set “driving records” dan keputusan ujian beban hendak
lah dihantar kepada Unit Makmal ini untuk analisa dan sebagai rekod di Unit Makmal.
2.6 Perhatian
Perhatian hendakl
hendaklah
ah diberi
diberi kepada
kepada pengalam
pengalaman
an yang
yang lepas iaitu
iaitu cerucuk
cerucuk - cerucu
cerucuk
k tam
bahan
bahan mung
mungkin
kin diperl
diperluka
ukan
n untuk
untuk mengga
mengganti
ntikan
kan cerucu
cerucuk
k - ceru
cerucuk
cuk yang
yang menyi
menyimpa
mpangng

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
berleb
berlebiha
ihan
n dan
dan ceruc
cerucuk
uk - cerucu
cerucuk
k yang
yang masih
masih tidak
tidak ‘set
‘set’’ dipara
diparass yang
yang dala
dalam
m (>10m
(>10m).
).
Adalah dicadangan supaya tambahan sebanyak 25m disertakan didalam “B.Q.”
2.7 Oleh kerana

kerana keadaan
keadaan tanah
tanah yang
yang rumit
rumit (tricky)
(tricky) juruter
juruteraa tapak bina
bina hendakl
hendaklah
ah selalu
selalu
rujuk kepada keputusan penyelidikan tapak semasa menyelia kerja - kerja pembinaan
asas. Apabila cerucuk dijangka sampai paras batu dasar, kejatuhan pemukul (drop of
hammer) hendaklah dikurangkan. Tujuan langkah ini ialah untuk “better keying & bed
ding effect on rock surface”. Langkah ini juga akan mengurangkan cerucuk daripada
menyimpang berlebihan.
Sekian disampaikan ulasan kami untuk tindakan tuan selanjutnya.
‘Berkhidmat Untuk Negara’
......................................................
(Ir. Neoh Cheng Aik),
Jurutera Kerja Kanan (R1),
bp. Penolo
Penolong ng Peng
Pengara arah h (Makm
(Makmal) al),,
Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Lampiran A
Cadangan Asas Untuk Pro jek

Mas jid Batu 31/2, Jalan Cheras,K.L.
1. Bangunan Masjid (13T - 105T)

Sila gunakan cerucul; keluli 203mm x 203mm x 45kg/m (Grade 43A9 BS 4360) den
gan beban keupayaan
keupayaan 210 0/eerucuk.
0/eerucuk. Untuk tujuan tawaran, panjang cerucuk
cerucuk ialah 8.5m
(27ft) AT
ATAU "R-C- cylinder foundation".Sila
foundation". Sila lihat Para 2.1
2. Bangunan Quarters Kelas G(9T - 16T)

Sila gunakan eerucuk I-,yu berubat (treated timber pile) 125m x 125m dengan beban
keupayaan 5W/oerucuk. Untuk tujuan taviarany panjang cerucuk ialah 8.5m (27 ft).

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Lampiran E 5
Extension of Terminal Building, Subang Airport
1. General
The project consists of extension of International and Domestic Transper Corridor for
Subang International Airport.
Airport. The proposed-site is situated approximately 13 miles west of
Kuala Lumpur.
Due to the close proximity of the proposed site to the existing terminal building v where the
Control Tower for the airport is located, severe vibration such as driving piles is unaccept
abldo Bored and Cast-in-situ piles were considered most suitable.
2. Soil Condition
The site consists of residual soils of granite.
Lampiran E5-1 represents the generalised poil profile. The top layer of the soil consists of
brown
brown firm
firm sandy
sandy silt
silty
y clay
clay with
with som
somee organ
organic
ic matt
matters
ers.. The
The depth
depth of this
this top soil
soil varie
variess
from 6" to 2ft. Beneath this top soil underlies the yellowish with patches of grey medium
sandy clayey silt with some gravelse This medium sandy clayey silt extend to a depth of 40
to 85 ft. below R.L. 86.00'. Between these layers of medium sandy sandy clayey silt and th
thee frac
tured or slightly weathered granite bedrocksq lies the greyish very stiff decomposed granite
residual soil. The thickness of this decomposed granite residual soil varies. Water table is
about Oft. b.g.l.
3. Load Se
Settlement Cr
Criteria
The system of piling to be designed shall meet the followings:-
a) Safe
Safety
ty Fac
Facto
tor
r
The factor of safety for the purpose of computing the working load shall be taken
as 2.5.
b) Worki
Working
ng Load
Load
The working load adopted for single pile shall not be greater than the ultimate
load divided by the safety factor of 2.5 and the ultimate load is defined as:
(i) Load
Load at which
which the
the gross
gross sett
settlem
lement
ent cont
continu
inues
es to incr
increas
easee withou
withoutt any furt
further
her
increase in load.
(ii)
(ii) Load
Load at whic
which
h gross
gross settle
settlemen
mentt is 10%
10% of
of the
the pile
pile diam
diamete
eterr.
c) Settle
Settlemen
mentt Criter
Criteria
ia
(i) Gross
Gross sett
settlem
lement
ent of the
the pile
pile at workin
working
g load
load duri
during
ng the
the first
first cycle
cycle of
of load
load
ing, loading to one time working load, shall not exceed 0.5".
(ii) The residual

residual settle
settlement
ment of the
the pile
pile at
at the
the end of the
the first
first cycle
cycle of loadi
loading
ng
shall not exceed 0.10".
(iii) The gross

gross settlement
settlement of the
the pile
pile at twice
twice the
the workin
working
g load
load shall
shall not
not exceed
exceed
1.5"

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
d) Grou
Group
p Effec
Effectt
Neglig
Negligibl
iblee becau
because
se of
of small
small group
group (2
(2 or 3 pile
pile per
per grou
group)
p) & large
large spac
spacing
ing 2.5 Ø.
4. Stru
tructur
tural Ca
Capaci
acity of Piles
iles
Since piles are not fully reinforced, the structural capacity of the piles will be solely depend
on the concrete
concrete sectio
section
n of the piles*
piles* In this case,
case, the pile
pile is reinforce
reinforced
d for the top 40ft.
40ft.
only for the dispersion of the possible slight bending moment elperienced at the pile top.
The piles will be designed as short columns. According to CP 2004, the structural carrying
capacity of Cast-in-situ concrete pile, that is, the safe working load per pile, W
W - 1/4
1/4 (Acc.Uw
(Acc.Uw))
Wher
Wheree Acc
Acc = Gros
Grosss cros
crosss sect
sectio
ion
n of the
the area
area of conc
concre
rete
te
Uw = Specified cube crushing strength at 28 days.
= 3000 psi.
For d = 18”Ø, max. structural load = 80 Ton.

d = 24”Ø, max. structural
structural load = 150 Ton
d = 30”Ø, max structura
structurall load = 230 Ton.
5. Check Pile Capacity

Use 18" Ø bored piles x85 ft max. Meyerhofs’ formula (modified) is applicable for bored
piles
piles in
in resid
residual
ual soil
soil
Qu = Qs + Q p
= f s As.+ O p A p
= N As + N. A p
50
where
where N = averag
averagee SPT along
along pile
pile shaft
shaft
N = averag
averagee SPT
SPT near
near pile
pile base
base (4Ø above
above pile
pile base
base & 2Ø
2Ø below
below pile
pile base)
base)..
As = pile shaft area (ft2)
As = pile base area (ft2)

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Based on DB12
18"Ø x 75'
N = 16 f s = N = 0.32
0.32 TSF
TSF
50
N = 50 q
p = 50 TSB
Qs = f s As
= 0.32 x (1.5' x 3.1416 x 75) = 113 Ton
Q p = 50 x (1/4 x 1.52 x 3.1416) = 88 Ton
Qa = Qs/20 + Q p/3.0
= 56.5 + 29.3
= 85.8 Ton
say 80 Ton
Based on DB 10
18"Ø x 55
55ft
N = 20 f s = 0.4 TSF
N = 80 q
p = 80 TSF
= 0-4 x (1o5 x 301416 x 55) = 104 Ton
Q p = 80 x (1/4 x 1o5 x 1o5 x 3o1416) = 141 Ton
Qa = Qs/2.0 + Op/3.0 = 52 + 47 = 99 Ton

say 80 Ton.
Based on DB 13
18”Ø x 80ft.
N = 23 f s = 0.46 TSF
N = 35 q
p = 35 TSF
Qs = 0.46
.46 x (1.5 x 3.14
.1416 x 80) =173
=173 Ton
Q p = 35 x (1/4
(1/4 x 3o1
3o1416
416 x 1o5 x 145
145)) = 62 Ton
Qa = Qs / 2.0 + Q p / 3.0 = 173/2 + 62/3.0

= 86 + 31
= 117 Ton
> 80 Ton.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
6. Founding Level
Founding level should be determined by observing the soil type from the boring. Suitable
founding soil should be weathered granite bedrock or oompacted/cemented clayey silt with
gravels,
gravels, or up to
to a max depth
depth of eft'.
eft'. In case of
of dou7gt,
dou7gt, SPT shou
should
ld be carried
carried in
in the bored
bored
base.
base.
7. Recommendation
Use 18”Ø bored pile Vrith max capacity 80 Ton per pile. Site engineer should use the DB
results
results to determine
determine the
the foundi
founding
ng level.
level. Para 6 above
above can be used
used as a guide.
guide. 4 Nos load
tests should be carried out to verify the capacity.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
1
B
D
2
B
D
3
B
D
4
B
D
5
B
D
6
B
D
”
0
’
8
4
e
l o
f t
i
o ”
r 6
1
/
P 3
l l
a
i t
o n
o
z
S i
1 r
o
7 . H
B g :
e
i l
D F a
c
S
8
B
D
s
l
9 e
v e
B s a
l r t
i
D e g n
a
v
a h
t r
r i g
g w d
h d e
t r
i n e d
0 w a
s h
t n
t y a
1 c
a
l t
i
s l e a
s
B i
s W y
t
D m y l
, i
e y d
r
a y y s
t a
l a e
l y e ,
r y
e
c c u e
a t
c l
y
a t
f y c c y
a
l
r i d t a
r l
n c c
1
1 s s
u
y a a F
s p d e
,
d d f m r s
B r
a n i o a o
f
D a t o
H S S C H L
2
1
B
D
3
1
B
D

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Lampiran E 6
1. Objective
To design the foundation system for the proposed Dewan Orang Ramai in Kampung
Cheras Baru
2. Introduction
2.1 The proposed.
proposed.struc
structure
ture is a one-sto
one-storey
rey assembly-h
assembly-hall's
all'situat
ituated
ed on
on Lot
Lot 405 in
Kampung Ceras Baru, M11rim Ampang, Daerah Hulu Langat
2.2 Column loads

Maximum - 68T
Minimum - 30T
3. Site Condition
3.1 Surface Con
Condition
The terrain is generally flat. It was formerly an old building site that has been
cleared. Springs of water are visible which suggest the ground water table is
very near the ground surface. The only visible form of undergrowth are bushes
and shrubs.
3.2
3.2 Subsurf
surfac
ace
e Con
Conditio
tion
3.2.
3.2.1
1 Refe
Referr
rrin
ing
g to the
the geol
geolog
ogic
ical
al map
map of
of Kual
Kualaa Lump
Lumpurur Dist
Distri
rict
ct (af
(afte
terr Tin
Ting
g
and Ooi 1972)2, Kampung Cheras Baru is located
located in the Granite
Granite
region. Hence the soil is residual Gradite soil.
3.2.2
.2.2 Scop
Scopee of Sit
Site Inv
Invest
estigat
igatiion.
on.
Initially 6 Nos of JKR Probes were performed by the district office of
JKR Hulu Langat. Due to the inconsistency of the probe results, a
more elaborate method of sub-soil exploration in the form of 3 Nos.
Deep Boring was done by the Unit Makmal Ibu Pejabat JKR.
Borehole positions are as indicated in Appendix B. From the borelog
results (APPENDIX C) the soil profile is not consistent along the three
boreho
boreholes
les.. Gener
Generall
ally)
y) thou
though,
gh, the sub
sub-so
-soil
il eons
eonsist
istss of interl
interlaye
ayerr
betwee
between n sand,
sand, clay
clay and
and stilt
stilt.. The
The first
first 9 metre
metress Appear
Appearss to be comcom
prised
prised of loos
loosee to medium
medium dense
dense sand
sand and very
very soft-
soft-to
to firm
firm clays
clays (the
(the
variation occuring with depth). Below 9m the soil seems to improve
from medium dense to very dense silts and sands as well as stiff to
very hard clays. The groundwater is very near to the surface and the
subsoil is assumed to be fully saturated.
3.2.3
.2.3 Othe
Otherr Rel
Relevan
evantt Info
Inform
rmat
atio
ion.
n.
Near
Near to the propos
proposeded site
site of the
the hall
hall,, in a north
north,, easte
easterly
rly direct
direction
ion is sit
sit
uated a quarry. There is an access-road leading to the intended site but
it is in a bad state.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
4. Foun
Founda
dati
tion
on Anal
Analys
ysis
is and
and Reco
Recomm
mmen
enda
dati
tion
on
4.1 Selection of type of foundation

With reference-to the results obtained from the S.I. done the first 5 metres com
prises
prises of comp
compres
ressib
sible
le mate
materia
riall which
which is of
of insuf
insuffic
ficien
ientt stren
strength
gth to sust
sustain
ain the
intended imposed loads. Hence an ordinary shallow foundation in the form of a
pad footin
footing
g would
would not suffic
suffice.
e. A piled
piled foun
foundat
dation
ion sys
system
tem is warr
warrant
anted
ed here
here in
order to transfer the loads to the stronger material found below 15m of the
ground-level. In selecting the particular type of pile'to be used, particular consid
eration has been made to
(a) Cost.
(b) Driving lengths
(c)
(c) Res
Resista
istan
nce to har
hard
d dri
drivi
ving
ng..
(d)
(d) Stre
Streng
ngth
th mf pile
pile as stru
struct
ctur
ural
al memb
member
er
(e) Effec
Effectiv
tivene
eness
ss in mob
mobili
ilisin
sing
g fric
frictio
tion
n and
and end-be
end-beari
aring
ng
(see Table 1)
Table 1 : Selection of Pile Type
Type Max. length Resistance Structural Merit as Merit as Cost
of of to Hard Capacity frictional end (per m run)
pile Driving possible Driving pile bearing
(18m) pile
R.C.
v 2 v 2 v 2 v 1 v 2 v 2
Steel
v 1 v 1 v 1 v 2 v 1 X 3
T im
im be
ber X 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 X 3 v 1
Figures
Figures in box represent s order of choise
e.g. 3 third choice
From Table 1, the most apparent' choice would be to use steel piles. However,
based
based on
on the
the soil
soil vari
variati
ation
on (pro
(profil
file)
e) and
and the
the inten
intended
ded loadin
loading
g syste
system
m which
which is rel
rel
atively small, the .use of steel' piles is overly conservative. Furthermore hard
driving is not expected.RC piles would be more appropriate in this case because;
(a) it is more economical
(b) RC piles
piles woul
would
d be able
able to mobili
mobilise
se suff
suffici
icient
ent safe
safe end-b
end-bear
earing
ing resi
resista
stance
nce
at a much shallower depth than would be necessary fdv its steel counter
part.
part.
(c) Due to
to its
its roughe
rougherr surfac
surfacee textur
texturee RC piles
piles can
can mobil
mobilise
ise fric
frictio
tional
nal resi
resist
st
ance better than steel piles

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Hence RC Piles would serve better and cheaper than-steel piles as both a friction
al and end-bearing pile in this particular sub-soil condition.
4.2 Estimation of
of Ul
Ultimate Lo
Loads
4.2.1 Design Assumptions
(a) The soil
soil is fully
fully satur
saturate
ated.
d. In calcul
calculati
ating
ng the
the effecti
effective
ve overbu
overburde
rden
n pressur
pressure,
e,
Pd, the values of X sat for the various soil categories are obtained from
Appendix B in Ref. 1 (Pg. 397).
(b)
(b) For
For an SPT valu
valuee of
of N 11p the
the und
undra
rain
ined
ed cohe
cohesi
sion
on Cu,
Cu, is
is ass
assum
umed
ed
approximately to be 125 lbs/ft ,
(c) Due toto the

the incons
inconsist
istenc
encyy in the
the soil
soil variat
variation
ion for
for the
the three
three boreh
borehole
oles,
s, the
the
piles
piles were
were design
designed
ed base
based
d on each
each indiv
individu
idual
al bore
borehol
holee resul
resultt and
and the
the worst
worst
(or lowest)' calculated working load per pile was adopted for use.
(d) The crit

criteri
eriaa for desi
design
gn was
was only
only to cons
conside
iderr both
both fricti
frictiona
onall and end-
end-bea
bear
r
ing piles. Totally
Totally frictional or totally end-bearing-piles were not consid
ered.
(e) Assumed
Assume d that
that piles
piles woul
would
d achiev
achievee safe
safe and bear
bearing
ing resi
resista
stance
nce in
in soil
soil lay
ers with SPT values of N-~ 15 i.e. in medium dense
dense coesionless soils
soils or
stiff cohesive layers.
(f) Factor
Factor of safety
safety adopte
adopted
d is
is 2
2.5
.5 (para
(para 4.6 pg. 149 of. ref.
ref. 1)
1)
(g) Lower
Lower values
values of
of Ø were assum
assumed
ed for
for silts
silts as compa
compared
red to sand
sands.G
s.Gene
eneral
rally
ly,,
Ty pe o f Silt s N Øº
V.lo o s e t o lo o s e 0 - 10 27 - 29
M ed iu m Den s e 10 - 30 29 - 34
Den s e to V.Den s e 30 34 - 39
(h) In obtai
obtainin
ning
g the end-b
end-bear
earing
ing resi
resista
stance
nce in
in cohesi
cohesion
on soils
soils,, the beari
bearing
ng
capacity factor No is taken to be 9 (Para 2 Pg. 122 Ref. 1)
4.2.2 Formulae
Formulae Used
Used in the Estima
Estimation
tion of
of the Ultimat
Ultimatee Loads
4.2.
4.2.2.
2.1
1 In Cohe
Cohesi
sion
onle
less
ss Soil.
Soil.
For frictional resistance
*Qs Avg. uni
uni akin friction
friction = is (1.) Ref. 1 Pg. 137
137 Para
Para 4)

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
where
Qs a Ultimate akin resistance
As = .Area, of shaft .
Avg. unit skin friction is obtained from Fig. 4.19
Pg. 139 of Ref. 1)
*The
*The for
foria
iaul
ulaa (Ref
(Ref.. 1 Pg.
Pg. 136
136 Eln.
Eln. 4.1
4.13)
3) .
Qs = 1/2 K, Pd tan tan As is not applica

applicable
ble in this
partic
particula
ularr case
case beca
because
use it beco
becomes
mes invali
invalid
d for
for
penetr
penetrati
ation
on dept
depths/
hs/wid
width
th rati
ratios
os 10-20
10-20 for
for stra
straigh
ightt
sided piles (Ref. 1 Pg. 137)
For End-Bearing
Q b = Pd Nq Ab (2) (Ref. 1 Pg. 135 Eqn.4.12)
where
Qs = Ultimate End,-Bearing Resistance.

Pd = Effective
Effective Overburden
Overburden Pressure
Nq = Beari
Bearing
ng Capa
Capacit
city
y Facto
Factor
r
(obtained from Berezantsevs' Curves in Ref. 1 Pg 134
Fig. 4.14 (b) )
Ab = Area of pile
pile base
It should be noted that value of Qb at penetration depths of 20

diameters is taken as the peak value for ultimate end bearing
resistance but shall not exceed 100 tons/ft2.
4.2.2
.2.2.2
.2 In Coh
Cohesi
esive Soil
Soil
For frictional resistance
Qs = α Cu As - (3)
(3) (Ref
(Ref.. 1 Pg.
Pg. 123
123 Eqn.
Eqn. 4o5
4o5)) ,
where
Qs = Ultimate skin resistance
α = adhesi
adhesion
on factor
factor (taken
(taken - 1)
1)
Cu = Average
verage undis
undisturbe
turbed
d undrai
undrained
ned cohesion
cohesion of
soil surrounding pile shaft
As = Area of
of sh
shaft
For End-bearing resistance

Qs = No Cb Ab - (4)(Ref.
(4)(Ref. 1 Pg. 122
122 Eqn.
Eqn. 4.2)

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
where
No = Bearin
Bearing
g Capac
Capacity
ity factor
factor (taken
(taken = 9)
C b = Undistur
Undisturbed
bed undrain
undrained
ed cohesio
cohesion
n of soil
soil at pile
pile
toe
Ab = Area
Area of
of pil
pilee bas
basee
4.2.
4.2.3
3 Reco
Recomm
mmen
enda
dati
tion
on
Scope of work done on S.I. were 6 Nos. JO -Probes and 3 Nos. Deep
Boring. On compilation of the results, the soil profile was generalized as
Table 2 : Generalize d Soil Profile
Depth (m) Soil Type and Condition
0-9 Lo o s e s a n d an d s o ft c lay
9 - 13 M. Dens e Silts
Silts and firm
firm clay
> 13 Den s e/
e/ V.Den s e s ililt s an d
firm
firm /st iff/v.s
iff/v.s tiff clays
follows:-
A piled foundation system was selected instead.
instead. of shallow foundation in
order to transfer the loads onto the stronger layers at the lower depths.
RC piles were chosen and- designed to be partly frictional and partly endr
bearin
bearing.
g. Trid
Tridss were
were done
done with
with 15"
15" s 15",
15", 12" z 12"
12" and
and 10"
10" = 10"
10" RC
RC
Pile s iz
ize Penetration Work ing loads (Tons /p
/pile)
Depth (m) BH 1 BH 2 BH 3
15" x 15" 21.5 101 - -
12" x 12" 20 69 37 42
21.5 70 40 52
16.5 32 28 31
10" x 10" 19.5 42 26 31
Table 3 : Summary
Summary of
o f Analysis
Ana lysis
piles.
piles. The result
resultss are
are summa
summaris rised
ed in
in the
the table
table below
below..
It should be noted that due. to the inconsistency of the soil variation of the
three boreholes done, the design was based on each individual borehole.
From the analysis done, it was decided to use a combined system of RC
piles
piles driv
driven
en to
to a dept
depthh of 209
2090m0m belo
beloww forma
formatio
tion
n level
level in orde
orderr to opti
opti
mise the cost of pile installation and prevent the problem of eccentricity
betwee
between n colum
columns
ns and
and sing
single
le pile
pile founda
foundatio
tion
n syste
system
m durin
during
g const
construc
ructio
tion.
n.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Hence the recommended system is as follows:-

For the-loading range of
(a) 30T - 40T - Use 10" _ .10" RC pile with a working load of
20T/pile driven to a depth of 20m below forma
tion level.
(b) 40T - 70T - Use a minimum of 2 Nose 12" = 12" piles with a
working load of 35T/pile driven to a depth of 20m
below
below form
formati
ation
on leve
level.
l.
4.3 Settlement Analysis

In this particular project, the concern for settlement would be over
(a) settlemen
settlementt of the pile toe
toe
(b) settlement of the sub-soil due 'to the surcharge

surcharge weight of the fill material.
4-3.1
4-3.1 In the
the case
case of
of (a),
(a), settle
settlemen
mentt check
checkss were
were not
not done
done as the pile
piless are not totall
totally
y fric
fric
tional and generally the recommended foundation system would result in only 2
Nos*
Nos* of piles
piles to
to a . group.
group. Furthe
Furthermo
rmore,
re, work
work done
done by
by X.Je
X.Je Tomlins
omlinson
on have
have
shown that for piles of small to medium (up to 600mm) diameter the settlement
under the working load will not exceed 10mm or 3/8" if the safety factor is not
lower than 2.500..-00.00. (Ref- 1 Pg. 149)
4.3.2
4.3.2 Settle
Settlemen
ment.
t. of
of tho
tho sub-s
sub-soil
oil due to the
the surc
surchar
harge
ge weight
weight of the
the fill
fill materi
material
al
4.3.2
.3.2.1
.1 Essu
Essump
mpttions
ions made
made
(a)
(a) Soil
Soil laye
layers
rs with
with an SPT
SPT valu
valuee of
of N48
N48 were
were take
taken
n as
as comp
compre
ress
ssib
ible
le lay
lay
ers
(b) Depth of compressible layer = 12m, .
(c)
(c) Effe
Effect
ctiv
ivee area
area of fill
fill was
was app
appro
roxi
xima
mate
ted
d to
to be
be the
the same
same as the
the pla
plan
n are
areaa
of the proposed Dewan Orang Ramai
i.e. B - 17m and
and L . 321x.
(d)
(d) Dept
Depthh of
of fil
filll was
was not
not con
const
stan
antt thr
throu
ough
ghou
outt the
the site
site.. Thi
Thiss is
is b
bec
ecau
ause
se the
the
original ground level is not the same over the intended site.
Plane DB 2 0.3m
qf2
DB 2
Plane DB 3
0.6m
qf3
Formation Level DB 3
1m
O.G.L qf1
DB 1
Fill Material
12m Compressible Layer

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Below is a schematic presentation of the fill depth and area.
(e)
(e) The
The bul
bulk
k den
densi
sity
ty of the
the fil
filll mat
mater
eria
iall was
was assu
assume
med
d to
to be
be 18
18 bul
bulk
k
(f)
(f) The
The bor
boreh
ehololee pos
posit
itio
ions
ns were
were take
taken
n as
as the
the poin
points
ts of cons
consid
ider
erat
atio
ion
n in
in
estimating the settlement of the soft layer due to the surcharge weight
of the fill, i.e. Points DB1,'DB2 and DB3
(g)
(g) With
ith reg
regar
ards
ds to (e),
(e), the
the gen
gener
eral
aliz
ized
ed surc
surcha
harg
rgee wei
weigh
ghts
ts over
over the'
the're
resp
speo
eo
tive points in a plane orientation (see Fig. 1) area-
Plane DB1; qf 1 - 18 kN/m2
Plane DB2; qf 2 - 6 kN,/m2
Plane DB3; qf 3 - 12 kN/m2
(h) The compre

compressi
ssible
ble soil
soil was
was class
classifi
ified
ed as
as type
type CL
CL und
under
er the
the Casa
Casagra
grande
nde
classification system
(i)
(i) Liqu
Liquid
id Limi
Limitt of
of the
the soil
soil was
was ass
assum
umed
ed to be 35%
35%
(j)
(j) Voids
ids rat
ratiio as
assume
sumed
d to
to be
be 0.7
0.7
(k) The Comp

Compres
ressio
sion
n Inde=
Inde= Cc was
was obtai
obtained
ned from
from the
the relat
relation
ionshi
ship
p cc o 0.009
0.009
(Lw - 10%)
where Lw = liquid limit-of the clay

(Eqn. 2.24 Ref. 3 Pg. 128)
4.3.
4.3.2.
2.2
2 Esti
Estima
mati
tion
on of
of sett
settle
leme
ment
nt
To obtain the average immediate _settlement the method of Janbu, Jerrum and
Kjaernsli was adopted where
Average
verage sett
settlem
lement
ent = p1
p1 = U1 U1 of B ....(5)
....(5)
E
U1 Uo are obtained from Refs 1 Pg. 180 Fig. 5.10

qf = net
net surc
surcha
harrge of the
the fil
filll
B = width of fill area
E = MoModudulu
luss of Elas
Elasti
tici
city
ty of clay
clay
Values of E were obtained from Ref. 1 Pg. 186 BU- 5 .17
For Consolidation Settlement, Terzaghils conventional 1-D consolidation theory

was used.
So = Co H. Log Po +σz ......(6)
1 t e, Po

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
where,
Co = Comp
Compre
ress
ssio
ion
n Inde
Index
x
Eo = Init
Initia
iall voi
voids
ds rat
ratio
io
H = Thic
Thickn
knes
esss o
off com
compr
pres
essi
sibl
blee lay
layer
er (m)
(m)
Po = Effec
Effectiv
tivee overb
overburd
urden
en pres
pressur
suree (kN/m
(kN/m2)
2)
σz = Value of
of vertical
vertical stress
stress at depth
depth consid
considered (kN/m2)
ered (kN/m
Values of were obtained

obtained from
from
σz = qfI o .... (7) (Ref

(Ref.. 4 Pg. 223)
223)
Wher
Wheree qf
qf = surc
surcha
harg
rgee of
of fil
filll
Io = Influe
Influence
nce facto
factors
rs obtai
obtained
ned from
from Padum
Padumts
ts Chart
Chart (Ref
(Ref.. 4 .Fgi 224
224 Fig.
Fig.
7.2)
4.3.2.3
4.3.2.3 From the
the settlem
settlement
ent analy
analysis.
sis. done on the
the effect
effect of
of the surcharge
surcharge weight
weight of the
the -
fill material, the following were obtained
settlement under plane DB1 - 92mm (3.6")
settlement under plane DB2 - 30am (1.2")
settlement under
under plane DB3 - 232 am (9")
(centre of fill)
Obviously,
Obviously, there is substantial total and differential settlement of the soft layer
due to the effect of the fill surcharge.
In the light. of this estimation, it is advisable to design a suspended floor for the
propos
proposeded stru
structu
cture
re and
and to use tie-be
tie-beams
ams (groun
(groundd beams
beams)) for
for the
the found
foundati
ation
on sys
sys
tem (tied in two cUreotions) in order to have a more rigid structure.
4.4
4.4 Load
Load Testi
esting
ng Requ
Requir
irem
emen
entt
4.4.1
4.4.1 2 nos.
nos. of load
load test
testss are
are recomm
recommend
ended
ed in accord
accordanc
ancee with
with JKt sianda
siandard
rd
specificationsiUnit Malarial are to be advised of the date the loading
tests are to be done and copies
copies of the results are to be cent to Unit
Unit
Makmal for purposes of monitoring and records.
4.4.2
4.4.2 The test
test loadi
loadings
ngs sho
should
uld be done
done at least
least 4 week
weekss afte
afterr the
the test
test piles
piles are
driven, to fully mobilise frictional resistance between soil and pile
interface.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
4.5
4.5 Asso
ssociat
ciated
ed Desi
Desig
gns
4.5.1
4.5.1 Requir
Requireme
ements
nts of fill
fill mate
materia
riall and
and its commot
commotion
ion Soil
Soil shou
should
ld be of suit
suit
able selected fill material. The H.S. 1377 s 1972 method shall be used
as the standard compaction test for determining the moisture density
relationship of the soil. The selected material should have liquid limit
values less than 35 (LL 35) and values of plast
plasticity
icity index less than 55
(Pole L 55)-The -field density
density after compaction shall be determined
determined in
accordance with the "Band Replacement Method" or AASHO T205-64
(Rubber Balloon Method). The fill shall be compacted to a density of
not less than 95% of the ma3d!m,m dry density as determined by the
Standard Compaction Test.
The type of compacting equipment to be used shall be subject to the

approval of the Superintending Officer
Officer..
4.5.2
.5.2 Struct
ructur
ural
al Reco
Recomm
mmen
enda
dattions
ions
In order to deal with the expected settlement of the soft sub-soil due to
the surcharge of the fill material, it is advisable to design a suspended
floor system for the structure.
Further precautions should be taken in the form of tying the columns

in two-directions with ground beams so as to' haves. more rigid struc
ture.
5. Conclusion
From the-analysis done based on assumptions laid down in Clause ~4.2.1, the recommen
dations are
i) For
For the
the load
load rang
rangee of
of
30T - 40T
40T Use 10'1
10'1 x 10" RC pile
piless with
with a work
working
ing load
load of 20T/pi
20T/pile
le
40T - 702'
702' Use a minim
minimum
um of
of 2 Nos
Nos 12"
12" x 12" piles
piles with
with a worki
working
ng load
load of
35T/pile:
ii) The piles shall function

function as partly
partly frictional and partly end-bearing.
iii) Piles are to be driven to set

set below the formation level
level
iv) Specify tender lengths to be 20m and an additional 10%

10% should be added to the number
of piles specified in the BQ or summary of tender to cater for pile deviations during
driving.
v) Use suspended floor and tie beams

beams are to be provided
provided in two directions between
between the col
umn positions.
6. Appendices
Appendix A : Location Pl
Plan
Append
Appendix
ix B : Layout
Layout plan
plan showi
showing
ng loca
locatio
tions
ns of
of site
site inve
investi
stigat
gation
ion

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Appe
Append
ndix
ix C : Gene
Genera
rali
lize
zed
d soil
soil pro
profi
file
le Bor
Borel
elog
og Res
Resul
ults
ts
7. Bibliography
Ref. 1 : PILE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE -
M. J. TOAIIINSON
VIEWPOINT PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION
Ref. 2 : MALAYSIAN SOILS AND ASSOCIATED PROBLEKS

- DR. 001 TECK AUN
Ref. 3 : FOUNDATION RESIGN AND CONS'T'RUCTION

- M.J. TOMLINSON
PITMAN INTEMATIONAL
INTEMATIONAL TEXT 3rd Edition
Ref. 4 : ELEMENT OF SOIL ME

M ECHANICS - G. N. SMITH
CROSBY LOW00D ST
STAPLES 4t
4th Ed
Edition '

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
e
t
i
n
a
r
g
d
e
4 s
1 5 2 0 o
2 5 =
= N 4 1 = 5 p
= = = N > m
N N
d N N t N o
c
y d n t
l t l
i t
l e 0
5
a n a i l
i s i d
l a s
s y s s y s d >
c t y y e y n N
y
t y
t l
i e e y e a t
l
i l
i s y y a
l y e l
t
a i i
a
s
t
s e
e s
l
c
a
l
c
c
f
l z s
c t y
e
t
i
f s o f
i d r
o o
o l m f
f t r a d n
a
s
. o . r
i i
t s
. a u n
a r
V L V F S V H Q S G
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0
. 0
. 5
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 7
. 5
2 3 4 8 8 7 8 6
. 2
.
1 1 2 2 1
2 4
- 3
-
2 2 0
= = 5
N 0 >
0 2
= 2 N 4 5
4
1 7 5 0
3 4 N
y = = y = = = = 1 = =
d
n N N N d N =
N N d
a y d y n
a t
N N N N t
l n
a
s a n a s l y y y y i s
y
t
l a
c s l y i
c t s a
l a
l a
l
y
a
l
a
l s
y y
t
l
i y l l
y i
y t y c c c c c e l
s t t s d y y y y y i
s
l
i i l
i t t t y t
e
s s s s s n
e a
s
l
i
s
l
i
s
l
i
s
t
l
i
l
i
s
a
l
c e
s e
t
o t
f e
s t
f o s n i
o o o o o y
f m m m f
f d
r d
r e n
a
L
. s
. o s . L
. o r
i r
i r
i i
t a a d
. r
V V L V V S F F F S H H V G
e
l 0 0 0 0 0
i 5 5 0 0 0 0 0
. 5
. 0
. 5
. 5
. 5
P 4
. 1
. 0
. 0
. 5 . 0
. 2 3 5 9 5 4
.
d 2 3 5 6 7 9 1 1 1 1 2 9
e
s d 2
o n
a 1 6 1
p s 2 . .
o
r = 0 2
P y
t N 5 3
- 3
-
l
i 3 0
s 1 2 d 8 = 5
e = = n 4 8 1 N =
s N a = =
o N s = N t
l N
o
l y N
d t N i t y
e ) t
y n l t
l s l
i r l
o a i y i s y e i
t l
c
a
s s l y
a a
l s y
e y
a
l d s
l
e y e c y y e c u y
s
n
y
t
l t s
l n y
i
c y
t
e
y a
l y y o e
t y
e i
s s e t l
i a c a
l l
i B a
l
d t e d l
i
s s l
c f
f c (
s t
l c
. f s . t f i
t d d a d
d o d m r r
e s
.
o
o e f
o r
i
f
i
t S
. a a a r
s a
M V L M S F S V H H B H
5
. 5
. 5
.
0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 3 2 8
4 5 6 9 1 2 2
5
0
.
3
3

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Cadangan Syor asas untuk Projek Rumah

Kediaman Kelas 'G' Penjara Penor, Kuantan, Pahang.
1. Introduction
The project site is located off the Pekan - Kuantan trunk road. From the site plan an earth
filling of 1' to 5' is proposed for the whole site. The project consists of construction of
6 Blocks of JKR Standard 5-storey Class G Quarters.
2. Site Conditions
6 nos of boreholes were carried out to determine the subsoil conditions. The sub soil con
sists of soft silty clay with organic matters from ground level to 6m below ground level.
From 6m to 12m below ground level the soil consists of loose silty sand with decayed mat
ters and from 12m to 28m the soil soil is of loose to medium stiff
stiff sandy clay with SPT N aver
ages from 6 to 12. From 28m_to,36m the soil strata consists of dense sandy'silt with traces
of gravel. SPT N ranges from 18 to 50.
3. Geotechnical Ev
Evaluation
Due to the 1' to 5' of fill, consolidation settlement may occur for the compressible layers of
soil. Hence negative skin friction on piles is to be accounted for.
12" x 12" r.c. piles are evaluated for the bearing capacities. It is found that the founding
depths of the piles varies from 28.5m to 36m.
The following table is abstracted from the calculations for which the estimated founding
depths Ultimate loads (Qu) and allowable loads
loads (Qa) are tabulated. A factor of safety of 2.5
and negative skin friction of 16 tons are used in the calculations.
BH nos. Estimated depths Ultimate load Allowable load
(m) Qu (tons) Qa = Qu/2.5 - Qn
1 33 197.54 65.59
2 31.5 178.65 55.03
3 28.5 166.84 50.31
4 28.5 183.87 57.12
5 36 208.56 67.00
6 35 204.62 65.42
From the above it is noted that the calculated bearing capacities of the 12" x 12" r.c. piles
ranges from 50.00 to 67 tons. Hence it is proposed that 12" x 12" JKR r.c: piles of Grade 40
concrete be used.
The allowable working load of the 12" x 12" JKR r.c. piles shall be 49 tons per pile.
Calculations for the geotechnical evaluations for the 6 boreholes are attached.
4. Conclusion
12" x 12" JKR Standard R.C. piles grade 40 with tender length of 36m shall be used.
Allowable load per pile is 49 tons.The estimated negative friction load is 16 Ton per pile.
Hence the test load shall 2 x (49 + 16) = 130 Tons. At least 4 piles shall be selected for load
tests.
All piles are designed as end bearing piles. All piles shall be driven to set which can be
achieved at about 28.5m to 36m below ground level.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Cadangan
Cadangan Kelas ‘G’,
‘G’, Penjara
Penjara Penoh, Kuantan
Kuantan,, Pahang.
Pahang.
Evaluation
Evaluation of
of 12” x 12” reinforced
reinforced concrete
concrete pile.
pile.
Borehole
Borehole 1
Depth S.P.T Ap Qs Qs’ Ab Qu Qa

Soil Description
Description Fs Fb Qb’ (tons)
(tons)
(m) N (Na) (ft) (Tons) (tons) (sq ft) (tons) (tons)
Top soil, soft
0 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
clayey
clayey silt
1.5 Loose clayey silt 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
7.5 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
Soft silty clay,

10.5 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
traces
traces of sand
12 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
13.5 Ditto 5 2.5 0.05 4 0.98 0.98 20 1 20.00 20.98 8.39
Stiff silty clay,

15 6 5.5 0.11 4 2.16 3.15 24 1 24.00 27.15 10.86
traces
traces of sand
16.5 Ditto 8 7 0.14 4 2.76 5.90 32 1 32.00 37.90 15.16
18 Ditto 7 7.5 0.15 4 2.95 8.86 28 1 28.00 36.86 14.74
19.5 Ditto 7 7 0.14 4 2.76 11.61 28 1 28.00 39.61 15.84
21 Ditto 6 6.5 0.13 4 2.56 14.17 24 1 24.00 38.17 15.27
22.5 Ditto 9 7.5 0.15 4 2.95 17.12 36 1 36.00 53.12 21.25
24 Ditto 18 13.5 0.27 4 5.31 22.44 72 1 72.00 94.44 37.77
25.5 Ditto 16 17 0.34 4 6.69 29.13 64 1 64.00 93.13 37.25
27 Ditto 30 23 0.46 4 9.05 38.18 120 1 120.00

120.00 158.18
158.18 63.27
Dense silty sandy

28.5 25 27.5 0.55 4 10.82 49.00 100 1 100.00
100.00 149.00
149.00 59.60
gravel
30 Ditto 24 24.5 0.49 4 9.64 58.65 96

96 1 96.00 154.65
154.65 61.86
31.5 Ditto 21 22.5 0.45 4 8.86 67.50 84 1 84.00 151.50

151.50 60.60
33***
Ditto 30 25.5 0.51 4 10.04 77.54 120 1 120.00
120.00 197.54
197.54 79.02 79.02
*
34.5 Ditto 50 40 0.80 4 15.74 93.28 200 1 200.00

200.00 293.28
293.28 117.31
117.31
36 Ditto 50 50 1.00 4 19.68 112.96 200 1 200.00 312.96 125.19
To calc. negativ
negativee skin friction
friction (Qn)
(Qn)
Qn = fn x As, where
where fn = 0.25 x Po /2
Po = (110- 62.5) x H x 3.28, where H = 12m = 1869.6 16.43
Qn = 0.25 x Po /2 x As x H x 3.28/22
3.28/2240
40
Allowable load Qa’ = (Qu/2.5 – Qn) = 62.59
*** from
from borelog
borelog N = 50,
50, use N = 3D only
only

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY

‘G’, Penjara
Penjara Penoh,
Penoh, Kuantan,
Kuantan, Pahang.
Pahang.
Evaluation of 12” x 12” reinforced concrete pile.
Borehole 2
Depth S.P.T Ap Qs Qs’ Ab Qb’ Qu Qa
Soil Descripti
Description
on Fs Fb (sq ft) (tons) (tons)
(m) N (Na) (ft) (Tons) (tons)
(tons) (tons)
Top soil, soft
0 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
clayey silt
3 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
7.5 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
Soft silty clay,

10.5 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
traces
traces of sand
12 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
13.5 Ditto 4 2 0.04 4 0.79 0.79 16 1 16.00 16.79 6.71
Stiff silty clay,

15 11 7.5 0.15 4 2.95 3.74 44 1 44.00 47.74 19.10
traces
traces of sand
16.5 Ditto 12 11.5 0.23 4 4.53 8.27 48 1 48.00

48.00 56.27 22.51
18 Ditto 7 9.5 0.19 4 3.74 12.00 28 1 28.00 40.00 16.00
19.5 Ditto 5 6 0.12 4 2.36 14.37 20 1 20.00 34.37 13.75
21 Ditto 4 4.5 0.09 4 1.77 16.14 16 1 16.00 32.14 12.86
22.5 Ditto 6 5 0.10 4 1.97 18.11 24 1 24.00 42.11 16.84
24 Ditto 6 6 0.12 4 2.36 20.47 24 1 24.00 44.47 17.79
25.5 Ditto 5 5.5 0.11 4 2.16 22.63 20 1 20.00 42.63 17.05
27 Ditto 24 14.5 0.29 4 5.71 28.34 96 1 96.00 124.34 49.74
Dense silty sandy

28.5 26 25 0.50 4 9.84 38.18 104 1 104.00 142.18 56.87
gravel
30 Ditto 24 25 0.50 4 9.84 48.02 96 1 96.00

96.00 144.02 57.61
31.5 Ditto 30 27 0.54 4 10.63 58.65 120 1 120.00 178.65 71.46 71.46
33**** Ditto 50 40 0.80 4 15.74 74.39 200 1 200.00 274.39 109.76
34.5 Ditto 50 50 1.00 4 19.68 94.07 200 1 200.00 294.07 117.63
36 Ditto 50 50 1.00 4 19.68 113.75 200 1 200.00 313.75 125.50
To calc.
calc. negative
negative skin friction (Qn)
Qn = fn x As, where
where fn = 0.25 x Po
Po /2
Po = (110-62.5) x H x 3.28, where H = 12m = 1869.6 16.43
Qn = 0.25 x Po /2 x As x H x 3.28/2240
*** from
from borelog
borelog N = 50,
50, use N = 3D only

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY

‘G’, Penjara
Penjara Penoh,
Penoh, Kuantan,
Kuantan, Pahang.
Pahang.
Borehole 3
S.P.T Ap Ab Qb’ Qu
Depth Qs Qs’ Qa
Soil Descripti
Description
on Fs (ft Fb (sq ft) (tons) (tons)
(m) N (Na) (Tons) (tons)
(tons) (tons)
)
Top soil, soft clayey
0 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
silt
3 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
4.5 Loose clayey s and 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
7.5 Ditto 0 0 0.00

0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
Soft silty clay, traces

10.5 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
of sand
12 Ditto 0 0 0.00
0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
13.5 Ditto 8 4 0.08 4 1.57 1.57 32 1 32.00 33.57 13.43
Stiff silty clay, traces

15 9 8.5 0.17 4 3.35 4.92 36 1 36.00 40.92 16.37
of sand
16.5 Ditto 12 10.5 0.21 4 4.13 9.05 48 1 48.00 57.05 22.82
18 Ditto 9 10.5 0.21 4 4.13 13.19 36 1 36.00

36.00 49.19 19.67
19.5 Ditto 11 10 0.20 4 3.94 17.12 44 1 44.00

44.00 61.12 24.45
21 Ditto 8 9.5 0.19 4 3.74 20.86 32 1 32.00 52.86 21.14
22.5 Ditto 6 7 0.14 4 2.76 23.62 24 1 24.00 47.62 19.05
24 Ditto 5 5.5 0.11 4 2.16 25.78 20 1 20.00 45.78 18.31
25.5 Ditto 6 5.5 0.11 4 2.16 27.95 24 1 24.00

24.00 51.95 20.78
27 Ditto 30 18 0.36 4 7.08 35.03 120 1 120.00 155.03 62.01
Dense silty sandy

28.5 30 30 0.60 4 11.81 46.84 120 1 120.00 166.84 66.74 66.74
gravel
30 Ditto 50 40 0.80 4 15.74 62.58 200 1 200.00 262.58 105.03
31.5 Ditto 50 50 1.00 4 19.68 82.26 200 1 200.00 282.26 112.90
33 Ditto 50 50 1.00 4 19.68 101.94 200 1 200.00 301.94 120.78
34.5 Ditto 50 50 1.00 4 19.68 121.62 200 1 200.00

200.00 321.62 128.65
36 Ditto 50 50 1.00 4 19.68 141.30 200 1 200.00 341.30 136.52
To calc.
calc. negative
Qn = fn x As, where
Po /2
Po = (110-62.5) x H x 3.28, where H = 12m = 1869.6 16.43
Qn = 0.25 x Po /2 x As x H x 3.28/2240
*** from
from borelog
borelog N = 50,
50, use N = 3D only ddedit

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY

‘G’, Penjara
Penjara Penoh,
Penoh, Kuantan,
Kuantan, Pahang.
Pahang.
Borehole 4
Soil Descripti
Description
(tons) (tons)
Top soil, soft
0 0
clayey silt
1.5 Loose clayey silt 9 4.5 0.08 4 1.51 1.51 36 1 36.00 37.51 15.00
3 Ditto 15 12 0.20 4 4.01 5.52 60 1 60.00 65.52 26.21
Loose clayey
4.5 7 11 0.19 4 3.68 9.20 28 1 28.00 37.20 14.88
sand
6 Ditto 3 5 0.09 4 1.67 10.87 12 1 12.00 22.87 9.15
7.5 Ditto 4 3.5 0.06 4 1.17 12.04 16 1 16.00 28.04 11.22
9 Ditto 0 2 0.00 4 0.67 12.71 0 1 0.00

0.00 12.71 5.09
Soft silty clay,

10.5 0 0 0.03 4 0.00 12.71 0 1 0.00 12.71 5.09
traces
traces of sand
12 Ditto 5 2.5 0.00 4 0.84 13.55 20 1 20.00 33.55 13.42
13.5 Ditto 6 5.5 0.04 4 1.84 15.39 24 1 24.00 39.39 15.76
Stiff silty clay,

15 6 6 0.09 4 2.01 17.40 24 1 24.00 41.40 16.56
traces
traces of sand
16.5 Ditto 8 7 0.10 4 2.34 19.74 32 1 32.00 51.74 20.70
18 Ditto 6 7 0.12 4 2.34 22.08 24 1 24.00 46.08 18.43
19.5 Ditto 10 8 0.12 4 2.68 24.76 40 1 40.00 64.76 25.90
21 Ditto 11 10.5 0.14 4 3.51 28.27 44 1 44.00

44.00 72.27 28.91
22.5 Ditto 10 10.5 0.18 4 3.51 31.78 40 1 40.00 71.78 28.71
24 Ditto 8 9 0.18 4 3.01 34.79 32 1 32.00 66.79 26.72
25.5 Ditto 8 8 0.15 4 2.68 37.47 32 1 32.00 69.47 27.79
27 Ditto 35 21.5 0.14 4 7.19 44.66 140 1 140.00 184.66 73.87
Dense silty sandy

28.5 32 33.5 0.37 4 11.21 55.87 128 1 128.00 183.87 73.55 73.55
gravel
30 Ditto 50 41 0.57 4 13.72 69.59 200 1 200.00 269.59 107.84
31.5 Ditto 50 50 0.70 4 16.73 86.32 200 1 200.00 286.32 114.53
33 Ditto 50 50 0.85 4 16.73 103.04 200 1 200.00 303.04 121.22
34.5 Ditto 50 50 0.85 4 16.73 119.77 200 1 200.00 319.77 127.91
36 Ditto 50 50 0.85 4 16.73 136.50 200 1 200.00 336.50 134.60
To calc.
calc. negative
Qn = fn x As, where
Po /2
Po = (110-62.5) x H x 3.28, where H = 12m = 1869.6 16.43
Qn = 0.25 x Po /2 x As x H x 3.28/2240
*** from
from borelog
borelog N = 50,
50, use N = 3D only

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY

‘G’, Penjara
Penjara Penoh,
Penoh, Kuantan,
Kuantan, Pahang.
Pahang.
Borehole 5
Soil Descripti
Description
(tons) (tons)
Top soil, soft
0 0
clayey silt
3 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
Loose clayey
4.5 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
sand
6 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
7.5 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
Soft silty clay,

10.5 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
traces
traces of sand
12 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
13.5 Ditto 8 4 0.08 4 1.57 1.57 32 1 32.00 33.57 13.43
Stiff silty clay,

15 7 7.5 0.15 4 2.95 4.53 28 1 28.00 32.53 13.01
traces
traces of sand
16.5 Ditto 6 6.5 0.13 4 2.56 7.08 24 1 24.00 31.08 12.43
18 Ditto 6 6 0.12 4 2.36 9.45 24 1 24.00 33.45 13.38
19.5 Ditto 7 6.5 0.13 4 2.56 12.00 28 1 28.00 40.00 16.00
21 Ditto 6 6.5 0.13 4 2.56 14.56 24 1 24.00 38.56 15.43
22.5 Ditto 6 6 0.12 4 2.36 16.92 24 1 24.00 40.92 16.37
24 Ditto 10 8 0.16 4 3.15 20.07 40 1 40.00 60.07 24.03
25.5 Ditto 13 11.5 0.23 4 4.53 24.60 52 1 52.00 76.60 30.64
27 Ditto 28 20.5 0.41 4 8.07 32.67 112 1 112.00 144.67 57.87
Dense silty sandy

28.5 32 30 0.60 4 11.81 44.48 128 1 128.00 172.48 68.99
gravel
30 Ditto 18 25 0.50 4 9.84 54.32 72 1 72.00

72.00 126.32 50.53
31.5 Ditto 22 20 0.40 4 7.87 62.19 88 1 88.00

88.00 150.19 60.08
33 Ditto 20 21 0.42 4 8.27 70.45 80 1 80.00

80.00 150.45 60.18
34.5 Ditto 21 20.5 0.41 4 8.07 78.52 84 1 84.00 162.52 65.01
36 Ditto 30 25.5 0.51 4 10.04 88.56 120 1 120.00

120.00 208.56 83.42 83.42
To calc.
calc. negative
negative skin friction (Qn )
Qn = fn x As, where
Po /2
Po = (110-62.5) x H x 3.28, where H = 12m = 1869.6 16.43
Qn = 0.25 x Po /2 x As x H x 3.28/2240
Allowable load Qa’ = (Qu/2.5 – Qn) = 67 .00
*** from
from borelog
borelog N = 50,
50, use N = 3D on ly

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY

‘G’, Penjara
Penjara Penoh,
Penoh, Kuantan,
Kuantan, Pahang.
Pahang.
Borehole 6
Soil Descripti
Description
(tons) (tons)
Top soil, soft
0 0
clayey silt
3 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
Loose clayey
4.5 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
sand
6 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
7.5 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
Soft silty clay,

10.5 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
traces
traces of sand
12 Ditto 0 0 0.00 4 0.00 0.00 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00
13.5 Ditto 10 5 0.10 4 1.97 1.97 40 1 40.00 41.97 16.79
Stiff silty clay,

15 7 8.5 0.17 4 3.35 5.31 28 1 28.00 33.31 13.33
traces
traces of sand
16.5 Ditto 6 6.5 0.13 4 2.56 7.87 24 1 24.00 31.87 12.75
18 Ditto 7 6.5 0.13 4 2.56 10.43 28 1 28.00 38.43 15.37
19.5 Ditto 5 6 0.12 4 2.36 12.79 20 1 20.00 32.79 13.12
21 Ditto 4 4.5 0.09 4 1.77 14.56 16 1 16.00 30.56 12.23
22.5 Ditto 5 4.5 0.09 4 1.77 16.33 20 1 20.00 36.33 14.53
24 Ditto 11 8 0.16 4 3.15 19.48 44 1 44.00 63.48 25.39
25.5 Ditto 15 13 0.26 4 5.12 24.60 60 1 60.00 84.60 33.84
27 Ditto 27 21 0.42 4 8.27 32.87 108 1 108.00 140.87 56.35
Dense silty sandy

28.5 26 26.5 0.53 4 10.43 43.30 104 1 104.00 147.30 58.92
gravel
30 Ditto 16 21 0.42 4 8.27 51.56 64 1 64.00

64.00 115.56 46.22
31.5 Ditto 20 18 0.36 4 7.08 58.65 80 1 80.00

80.00 138.65 55.46
33 Ditto 18 19 0.38 4 7.48 66.12 72 1 72.00

72.00 138.12 55.25
34.5 Ditto 23 20.5 0.41 4 8.07 74.19 92 1 92.00 166.19 66.48
36 Ditto 30 26.5 0.53 4 10.43 84.62 120 1 120.00

120.00 204.62 81.85 81.85
To calc. negative skin friction

friction (Qn)
Qn = fn x As, where
Po /2
Po = (110-62.5) x H x 3.28, where H = 12m = 1869.6 16.43
Qn = 0.25 x Po /2 x As x H x 3.28/2240
*** from
from borelog
borelog N = 50,
50, use N = 3D only

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Design Calculations of Bored Piles

& Pile Caps for Proposed SK
Taman Segar Cheras
1. Introduction
The project consists of construction of 2 blocks. of 4-storey JKR Std. School buildings. The
site is generally flat with about 2½m fill some 5 years ago. The generalized subsoil proper
ties are as follows:-
0 - 12m
12m : loos
loosee clay
clayey
ey sand
sand with
ith loca
locallized
ized very
ery dens
ense lay
layer
er.. Averag
eragee SPT
SPT,, N = 5.
12m - 17m : medium to

to de
dense si
silty cl
clayey sand, N = 16
16
17m
17m - 27m
27m : very
very dens
densee gre
grey
y spo
spott
tted
ed yell
yellow
owis
ish
h fin
finee to
to coa
coars
rsee sil
silty
ty sand
sand with
with grav
gravel
el
(N = 40 - 50). Water table 15m bgl.
No of
of colum
columss per
per block
block is 44
44 and
and the
the colum
columnlo
nload
ad is
is about
about 78 Ton (max
(max.)
.)
Due to presence of localized very. dense cemented clayey sand with gravels at shallow
depth, very hard driving will encountered at shallow depth if driven piles are used.
Bored piles are considered more cost effective piling system in this case when compared
with other suitable piling system such as H piles (R.C. piles are Not suitable). Though the
site consists of sandy soil, the bored piles are considered suitable because water.table is low
and the residual soil is usually quite impermeable.
460mm diameter bored piles are proposed.
2.1 Design Criteria

- Concrete Grade 25 for piles & caps
- Design compressive stress = 4.8N/mm sq.
< fcu/4.
- Long
Longititud
udin
inal
al rei
reinf
nf pro
provi
vide
dedd is 1.0%
1.0% for
for full
full bore
bored
d sha
shaft
ft,, i.e.
i.e. 6Y2
6Y200 & R9
R9
@ 300mm c/c as helical reinforcement.
- Inst
Instal
alla
lati
tion
on proc
proced
edur
uree aacc
ccor
ordi
ding
ng to JKR
JKR spe
specc (KP
(KPKR
KR 6/19
6/1989 89).
).
- max design load = 80 Ton.
- max test load = 2 X design load.
2.2
2.2 Geote
eotech
chn
nical
cal Cap
Capacit
acity
y
Use modified
modified Meyerhof’ s equation:
equation:
Ultimate capacity, Qu = N1 As + K2
K2 A b
K1 K2
Where N1 = average SPT value for shaft

K1 = 50
K2 = 1
N2 = averag
averagee SPT valug
valug at
at base
base
As = surface area(ft2)
Ab = base area (ft2)

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Generalised Design SPT

0 - 17m, average
average SPT
SPT = 8
17m - 24m,averag
24m,averagee SPT = 40
Average
verage SPT @ 24M = 50
.'. Total ultimate

ultimate frictional
frictional resistance
resistance
Qs- Spx52x1.5xi1 +540 0 x22 x1.5xi1
= 39.2 + 82.9
= 122.1 Ton
Total ultimate end bearing
Qb = 50 x 1.52 x 11 /4 = 88.3 Ton
:. Qu =12.2.1+88.3 = 210.4 Ton
.'. Safe
Safe load
load Qa = 210.4/2.
210.4/2.5
5 = 84.1 Ton
Say 80 Ton per bored pile (18" diam x 24m)
3. Pilecap Design
Single Pilecap for Pile Diameter 460mm (18" Diam x 24m Bored Pile)
No. of Pile
Pile = 1
Pile Diameter = 460mm
Size of Pilecap = 660 x 660 x 900mm
Steel Reinforcement
Main Bars = 0.15% x b x d = 792mm2
.. Provide 4 Y 16 Bothways
Hori
Horizo
zont
ntal
al Link
Linkss = 0.25
0.25%
% OF Mai
Main Steel
eel Area
Area = 100m
100mm2
m2
.: Provide
Provide 3 Y 10
Quantities Per Cap

Excavation = 0.41 m3
Volume of Concrete = 0.39 m3
WT.
WT. of
of Rei
Reinf
nfor
orce
ceme
ment
nt = 26.6
26.6 kg.
kg. (Y
(Y 16)
16)
= 4.8 kg. (Y 10)
Lean Concrete = .44 m2
Formwork = 2.38 m2
Steel Content = 134 lb/yd3

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
LAPORAN GEOTEKNIK
MAKTAB PER GUR

GU R UAN SRI PIN A NG ,
BUKIT MIER TAJ A
AMM,,
SEBERANG PERA1,
PULAU PIN A NG
DISEDIAKAH OLEH :
IR. ANNIES MD. ARIFF
EH. AHMAD AZLAN AHMAD
(INSTITUT LATIHAN
LATIHAN & PENYELIDIKAN JKR)
JKR)

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Pendahuluan skop kerja penyiasatan tersebut dibuat

Laporan ini adalah 'bertujuan untuk menyam- mengambilkira faktor-faktor berikut:-
paikan
paikan ketera
keteranga
ngann ringk
ringkas
as sumb
sumbang
angan
an yang
yang i) Jenis bangunan
bangunan serta
serta beban-beban
beban-beban tiang
tiang yang
telah diberi oleh Pusat ini di dalam menentukan terlibat,
pemili
pemilihan
han asas-a
asas-asas
sas yang
yang sesua
sesuaii bagi
bagi bang
bangu-u-
nan-bangunan yang dicadangkan untuk projek ii) Kegunaan bangunan,
yang disebut di atas. Sumbangan ini. adalah
berses
bersesuai
uaian
an deng
dengan
an pera
peranan
nan utama
utama pusa
pusatt ini
ini iii) Ciri-ciri geology kawasan,
sebagai satu organisasi.sokongan kepada semua
cawangan di dalam JKR dalam hal- hal yang iv) Keadaan kawasan tapak,
bersan
bersangku
gkut-p
t-paut
aut dengan
dengan bidang
bidang geotek
geoteknik
nikal.
al.
v) Kerja-kerja tanah - potongan dan penimbu
Laporan ini akan' ketengahkan juga masalah- san.
masalah parancangan yang dihadapi semasa
pusat
pusat ini
ini menj
menjala
alanka
nkann kerja
kerja penyia
penyiasat
satan
an -tap
-tapak
ak Selain dari perancangan skop kerja penyiasatan
dan kerja merekabentuk asas yang sesuai bagi kedudukan lokasi ujian-ujian juga dibuat den-
bangun
bangunanan bang
banguna
unann yang
yang terl
terliba
ibatt gan mengambilkira faktor-faktor yang dise-
butkan
butkan di atas
atas..
Bagi 'projek ini permintaan untuk menjalankan
penyia
penyiasat
satan
an tapa
tapakk dan
dan seter
seterusn
usnya'
ya'pen
pen gesyor
gesyoran
an Adalah dimaklumkan bahawa perkara (v) di
syor-syo
syor-syorr asas telah dikemuk
dikemukakan
akan oleh atas hanya dapat dibuat andaian sahaja semasa
Cawangan Kerja Pendidikan melalui surat peranc
perancang
angan
an skop
skop penyia
penyiasat
satan
an tapa
tapak
k keran
keranaa
PKR(KP)MP/PP/87/17(102)) bertarikh
PKR(KP)MP/PP/87/17(102 paras
paras form
formasi
asi tidak
tidak diny
dinyata
atakan
kan di dala
dalam
m luk-
luk-
27/02/1989. isan tatatur tersebut.
Skop Projek Oleh kerana projek ini telah dikelaskan sebagai

Pelaksanaan projek ini melibatkan pembinaan projek
projek SEGERA
SEGERA dan memandmemandang angkan
kan beban
beban
32 bush bangunan dengan ketinggian bangu- kerja semasa unit penyiasatan tapak pusat ini
nan-bangunan di antara 1-tingkat hingga 4- pada
pada masa
masa itu
itu adala
adalahh terla
terlalu
lu bany
banyak
ak maka
maka
tingkat. Lingkungan beban-beban tiang pula keputusan telah dibuat supaya kerja-kerja
adalah dari serendah-rendah 50.0 kN sehingga penyia
penyiasat
satan
an tapa
tapak
k ini
ini dijal
dijalank
ankan
an seca
secara
ra kont
kontrak
rak..
setinggi 1800.0 kN. Penyediaan tapak meli- Juga bagi menjimatkan masa telah dipersetujui
batkan
batkan kerja-
kerja-ker
kerja
ja pemo
pemoton
tongan
gan se dala
dalam
m di bahawa
bahawa tender
tender kerja
kerja ini
ini dila
dilakuk
kukan
an seca
secara
ra lan-
lan-
antara 0.0 hingga 6.Om dan penimbusan set- tikan terus. Kontraktor yang telah dilantik'
inggi di antara 0.0 hingga 6.0m. untuk menjalankan kerja-kerja ini adalah
Sekata Bina Sdn. Bhd. dengan kos kontrak
Butiran bangunan mengikut bilangan tingkat kerja terhad tidak melebihi $50,000-00.
adalah seperti berikut:-
Oleh yang demikian, kawalan kos yang ketat
1-tingkat - 16 unit
telah dilakukan semasa kerja-.kerja penyiasatan
2-tingkat - 7 unit
sedan& dijalankan bagi memastikan kos
4-tingkat - 8 unit
keseluruhan kontrak ini tidak melebihi
Tangki Air - 1 unit
$50,000-00.
Skop Penyiasatan Tapak/Tanah
apak/Tanah
Keputusan Penyiasatan Tapak
Berpandukan lukisan punca tatatur yang dike-
Berpandukan kepada peta Hydrogeologi
mukakan, satu skop kerja penyiasatan tapak,
Semenanjung Malaysia tapak projek ini, iaitu
berupa
berupa 33 bil.
bil. ujian
ujian gere
gerekan
kan dalam,
dalam, 3 bil.
bil. ujia
ujian
n
daerah Bukit Mertajam, adalah terletak di atas
gerimit tangan dan 89 bil. ujian proba
formasi batu GRANIT yang diselubungi
diselubungi oleh
Mckintosh, telah dirancangkan. Perancangan
tanah jenis KELODAK/BERLIAT. Ini adalah

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
berpad
berpadana
anan
n denga
dengan n keput
keputusa
usan
n penyi
penyiasa
asatan
tan tusan ujian-ujian tanah yang dibuat ditempat
tapak/tanah yang diperolehi di mana tanah kedudukan atau berdekatan dengan bangunan
bawaha
bawahan n adala
adalah
h jenis
jenis tanah
tanah LIA
LIAT/K
T/KELO
ELODAK
DAK yang terlibat. Walaubagaimanapun
Walaubagaimanapun disebabkan
dan berpasir. Tanah adalah dalam keadaan pindaa
pindaann ke atas
atas pelan
pelan pun
puncaca proj
projek
ek ini,
ini, di mana
mana
sederhana kental hingga sangat kental di antara lokasi kebanyakan bangunan telah dialihkan,
paras
paras dala
dalaman
man 0.0 hingga
hingga 35.0m,
35.0m, dan keras
keras maka terdapat bebarap ujian gerekan dalam
sehingga sangat keras pada -dalaman lebih dari berada
berada diluar
diluar kawasa
kawasan n tapak
tapak bangun
bangunan,
an, mala-
mala-
18.0m. han terdapat juga beberapa bangunan yang
tidak ada sebarang ujian penyiasatan tapak
Kedudukan paras air bawah tanah semasa kerja dijalankan. Dalam hal demikian, pusat ini telah
penyia
penyiasat
satan
an dija
dijalan
lankan
kan (bulan
(bulan Mac,
Mac, 1989)
1989) membuat ekstrapolasi kepada keputusan-kepu-
adalah di antara 1.55m hingga kering. tusan ujian tanah yang paling berdekatan den-
gan bangunan yang tiada sebarang ujian tanah,
Rekabentuk Syor Asas dan mengunakan maklumat tersebut berserta
Pada amnya pemilihan jenis sistem asas adalah penget
pengetahu
ahuanan geol
geologi
ogi kawasa
kawasan n bagi
bagi memb
membuatuat
berdas
berdasark
arkan
an kepa
kepada
da fakt
faktor
or-fa
-fakto
ktorr berik
berikut:
ut:-- pengan
penganali
alisa
sa geot
geotekn
eknik.
ik.
a) kemamp
kemampuanuan tanah
tanah bawa
bawahan
han menang
menanggun
gung
g Berpandukan faktor-faktor di atas dan juga
beban
beban yang
yang akan
akan ditan
ditanggu
ggung
ng berd
berdasa
asarka
rkan
n keputusan penyiasatan tapak yang telah dibuat,
keupayaan galas yang dibenarkan yang ' dua (2) jenis sistem asas telah direkabentuk
dikira bersesuaian dengan keadaan tanah bagi
bagi proje
projek
k ini.
ini. Dua
Dua (2)
(2) jeni
jeniss siste
sistem
m asas
asas yang
yang
bawaha
bawahan n dan
dan juga
juga ciri
ciri-ci
-ciri
ri geol
geologi
ogi dimaksudkan itu ialah asas penapak konkrit
kawasan. dan alas cerucuk. Bagi sistem asas cerucuk dua
jenis
jenis ceru
cerucuk
cuk telah
telah dire
direkab
kabent
entuk
uk iait
iaitu
u ceruc
cerucuk
uk
b) beban
beban tian
tiang
g dan
dan jarak
jarak antara
antara tiang
tiang konkrit tetulang dan cerucuk kayu berubat.
c) faktor
faktor kese
keselam
lamata
atan
n terhada
terhadap
p kegaga
kegagalan
lan dan
dan Bagi sistem asas cerucuk daya tanggung ceru-
enapan yang dapat diterima pada beban cuk-cerucuk yang direkabentuk adalah dari
kerja struktur bagi memenuhi kehendak separa geseran badan (frictional) dan separa
'servicibilty limit state' tangouno hujung (end bearing) dan faktor kese-
lamatan yang telah digunakan di dalam perki-
d) Kawala
Kawalan
n mutu
mutu semasa
semasa pembin
pembinaan
aan raan adalah.2.0 serta menggunakan kekuatan
tanah dalam lingkungan batasan rendah.
e) Jeni
enis ssttruk
ruktur
tur
Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan geseran badan
f) tapa
tapak
k tim
timbu
busa
san
n atau
atau pot
poton
onga
gan
n ialah beban yang ditanggung oleh cerucuk
berken
berkenaan
aan akan
akan dipin
dipindah
dahkan
kan ke tana
tanah
h melal
melalui
ui
g) ekonomik rintangan geseran (frictional resistance) di
antara permukaan badan cerucuk dan tanah,
Oleh yang demikian sebelum menentukan dan ini akan hanya terjadi sekiranya cerucul:
sebarang sistem asas yang hendak digunakan, tersebut mengalami mendapan lebih dari men-
faktor-faktor di atas perlu diteliti terlebih dahu- dapan tanah (relative settlement of pile is
lu bagi setiap bangunan supaya satu sistem asas greater than that of the soil). Maksud tanggung
yang sesuai dan ekonomik dapat ditentukan. hujung pula ialah beban yang ditanggung oleh
cerucuk akan dipindahkan ke tanah melalui
Perlu dinyatakan disini bahawa di dalam hal penghu
penghujun
jung
g ceruc
cerucuk
uk (bas
(basee of pile).
pile).
membuat perkiraan rekabentuk geoteknik
adalah mustahak ciri-ciri jenis tanah serta buti- Contoh-contoh perkiraan rekabentuk kedua-dua
ran kekuatan tanah-tanah yang dipilih di dalam jenis
jenis sist
sistem,
em, asas
asas ada
ada seper
seperti
ti di
di dalam
dalam lampi-
lampi-
perkir
perkiraan
aan rekabe
rekabentu
ntuk
k diper
diperole
olehi
hi dari
daripad
padaa kepu-
kepu- ran-lampiran 'A' dan 'B'.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Bagi bangunan-bangunan yang mana telah

disyorkan lantai gantung keputusan-ini adalah
berdas
berdasark
arkan
an kepa
kepada
da bebe
beberap
rapaa fakto
faktorr yang
yang mana
mana
adalah seperti di bawah:-
a) timbus
timbusanan Yang
Yang akan
akan dilaku
dilakukan
kan adala
adalah
h ter
lalu tinggi,
b) Keguna
Kegunaan
an bang
banguna
unan.
n.
Contoh perkiraan anggaran enapan tanah tim-

busan
busan adal
adalah
ah sepe
seperti
rti di dala
dalam
m -Lamp
-Lampira
iran
n 'E'.
'E'.
Senarai Lampiran
Lamp
Lampir
iran
an 'A'
'A' - CONT
CONTOH
OH PER
PERKI
KIRA
RAAN
AN
REKABENTUK GEOT
EKNIK BAGI CERU
CUK KONKRIT
KONKRIT TETU
LANG
Lamp
Lampir
iran
an 'B'
'B' - CONT
CONTOH
OH PER
PERKI
KIRA
RAAN
AN
REKABENTUK GEOT
EKNIK BAGI PENAPAK
Lamp
Lampir
iran
an 'C'
'C' - SURA
SURATT SYOR
SYOR ASAS
ASAS
YANG TELAH DIKE
MUKAKAN KEPADA
CAW
CAW. KERJA PEN
DIDIKAN
Lamp
Lampir
iran
an 'D'-
'D'- LAPU
LAPURA
RAN
N PENY
PENYIA
IASA
SA
TAN TAPAK YANG
TELAH DIJALANKAN
Lamp
Lampir
iran
an 'E'
'E' - CONT
CONTOH
OH PERK
PERKIR
IRAA
AAN
N
ANGGARAN ENAPAN
TANAH TIMBUSAN

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Lampiran 'A'
Pile Foundation Design for Administration Blocks (4-Storey)

Northe
Northern
rn Bloc
Block
k : F.F.L.
.F.L. = 16.0m
16.0m;; Fill
Fill = 0.5
0.5 to
to 1.0m
1.0m
Central Block : F.F.L. = 17.5m; Fill = 0.0 to 1.5m

Cut = 0.0 to 1.0m
Southern Block : F.F.L. = 19.0m; Fill = 0.0 to 2.0m

Cut = 0.0 to 1.5m
Colu
Column
mn Load
Load : 755.
755.Ok
OkN
N (83
(83 num
numbe
bers
rs);
); 700.
700.Ok
OkN
N (83
(83 numb
number
ers)
s)
Deep
Deep Bori
Boring
ng : DB/3
DB/3,, DB/
DB/4
4 and
and DB/G
DB/G (Ref
(Refer
er sket
sketch
ch atta
attach
ched
ed))
Shaft Resistance Formulae

a) CLAY : Q = α*Cu*A. where α = adhesion factor
Cu = undisturbed undrained cohesion '
A. = surface area of pile
pile
b) SILT
SILT : Q = N/60*A
N/60*A.. where
where N = Stan
Standar
dard
d Penet
Penetrat
ration
ion Test
c) SAND : Q. = N/50*A.
Base Resistance Formulae:

a) CLAYQ b, = N*A b where A b = base area of pile
b) SILT
SILT = 2. 5iN*
5iN*A
A b
c) SAND
SAND Q b, = 4N*A b
Design Analysis
Adopt DB/4 since worst case and assume.height of fill = 2.0m Try R.C. Pile of size B" x B"
Shaft Resistance
For depth 0 - 2.0m b. F.
F. F.
F. L. : FILL
For depth 2 - 5.0m ; CLAY

CLAY ; assume N = 13
take Cu = 82.0 kN/m2 (Terzaghi)
α = 1.0 (Tomlinson)
α = 0.4 (McClalland)
adopt α = 0.7
Q = 0.7*82.0*4*B*3.0 = 1.783B tonnes
39.37*9.81
For depth 5 - 9.0m : SAND ; assume N = 7

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Q. = 7*4*B*4.0*3.281 = 0.612B tonnes

50* 12
For depth 9 - 11.0m:

11.0m: SILT
SILT ; assume N = 6
Q. = 6*4*B*2.0*3.281 = 0.219B tonnes
60*12
For depth 11 - 18.0m: CLAY

CLAY ; assume N = 13
take α = 82.0 kN/m2 a. = 0. 65
Q = 0.65*82.0*4*B*7.0 = 3.864B tonnes

39.37*9.81
Q = 6.
6.478B to
tonnes
Base Resistance
At depth 21.Om b.F.F.L. take N = 13 and since proportion of SAND is quite high (> 30%) adopt
Qb = 2.0*N*Ab (i.e. between CLAY
CLAY & SILT).
SILT).
Q b = 2.0*13*B*B
2.0*13*B*B = 0.130B2
0.130B2
144
Ultimate Re
Resistance Qa
Qa = Q p + Qb
= G.478
.478B-
B-+
+ 0.18
0.180B
0B2
2
If B = 12
12 inc
inche
hes;
s; Q, = 77.7
77.7 + 26.0
26.0 = 103.
103.7
7 ton
tonne
ness
Take overall Factor of Safety = 2.0
Allowable Resistance Q11, = 103.7/2.0 = 51.8 tonnes (say 52.0)
To allow for erratic nature of underlying soil and also as per para 3.0 of report allow for '15%
increase.
Hence adopt 12" x 12" R.C.Piles @ 21.0m with Q~,s = 450.0 kH/pile
Although the bulk of the carrying capacity of pile is mainly frictional set might be achieved before
depth design.
Hence set readings to be taken during driving and if set not achieve drive to design depth.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Lampiran `B'
Shallow Foundation Design For Pre-School Block (1-Storey)

Prop
Propos
osed
ed F.F.L
.F.L.. = 26.0
26.0m;
m; Cut
Cut = 4.5
4.5 to
to 5.0m
5.0m
Column
Column Load
Load 128.Ok
128.OkN
N (22 num
number
bers);
s); 167
167.Ok
.OkN
N (23
(23 numbe
numbers)
rs)
Deep Boring
Boring DB/14-(R.L
DB/14-(R.L.. = 30.74m)
At depth
depth 1.Om
1.Om b. F.
F. F.
F. L. take
take N *= 9 ( lower
lower bou
bound)
nd) and at this
this dept
depth
h soil
soil is
is COHES
COHESIVE
IVE (silty
(silty
CLAY),
Try pad footing of size B (m) x L -(m) @ depth 1.0m b.F.F.L.

b.F.F.L.
From NAVFAC DM-7.2;
q*No*(1+0.08/L)
q*No*(1+0.08/L) + (D where c = undrained cohesion
Na = bearin
bearing
g capac
capacity
ity factor
factor
D = depth of footing
below
below orig
origina
inall grd.
grd. leve
level.
l.
( = bulk
bulk dens
densit
ity
y of
of soi
soill
Take c = 55.0 kn/m2. Assume 0 = 0° and (=18..0 kN/m3
Consider case when ground water table is 1.0m b.F.F.L.
Therefore for square footing,

footing, B/L = 1, and for 0 = 0°, Na = 5.53
55.0*5.53*1.3 + 18.0*5.74
= 395.
395.4
4 + 103.3
03.3
kN/mz
= 498.7 kN
Adopt Factor of Safety = 3.0

q~ " = 498.7/3.0 = 166.2 kN
kN/mx (say 16
166.0)
If ignoring depth contribution i.e. XD,

q"lro = 395.4 kN/m z
Applying 131.8 kN/mz

Applying same F.o.S.; gall = 131.8
Therefore adopt square footing with gall = 94.0 kN/mo (2000 p.s.f.) 0 1.0m b.F.F.L. (i.e. to follow
standard drawing).

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Lampiran ‘C’
( )dlm. PKR.RPM.
85/ 173/GO5/03
30hb. Jun. 1989
Pengarah,
Cawangan Kerja Pendidikan,
Ibu Pejabat JKR,
Jalan Sultan Salahuddin,
50582 KUALA LUMPUR.(u.p: Ir. Lam Yok
Yok Lon)
Tuan,
Perkara : CadanganMaktab Perguruan Sri Pinang, Bukit Mertajam, Pulau Pinang.
Merujuk perkara di atas dengan segala hormatnya disampaikan keputusan penyiasatan tapak dan
syor-syor asas untuk tindakan tuan selanjutnya.
2.0 Selaras
Selaras dengan
dengan pengua
penguatkua
tkuasaan
saan surat pekelilin
pekeliling
g KPKR
KPKR 2/88,
2/88, sistem
sistem cerucu
cerucuk
k alternat
alternatif
if oleh
oleh
penten
pentender
der boleh
boleh dite
diterim
rima.
a.
3.0 Dimaklumk
Dimaklumkan an juga
juga bahawa
bahawa sepert
sepertii perbinca
perbincangan
ngan yang telah diadakan
diadakan dengan
dengan pegawai
pegawai tuan
tuan
Ir. Lam Yok Lon pada 15/06/1989, pusat ini bersetuju bahawa kos anggaran asas bagi pro
jek ini ditamb
ditambah
ah lebi
lebih
h kuran
kurang
g 15%
15% atas
atas seba
sebab
b desak
desakan
an untu
untuk
k melak
melaksan
sanaka
akan
n proje
projek
k ini
ini
secepat mungkin. Pertambahan ini adalah untuk menyesuaikan perkara yang mungkin be
rlaku semasa pembinaan atas langkah-langkah yang dibuat semasa perancangan untuk
menyingkatkan tempoh masa perancangan dan rekabentuk seperti berikut:-
a) Penyia
Penyiasat
satan
an tapak
tapak tela
telah
h dilaku
dilakukan
kan seca
secara
ra 'appo
'appoint
inted
ed - contr
contract
actor'
or' dan
dan denga
dengan
n ini kos
kos
kontrak tidak boleh melebihi $50,000.00. Ini telah menghadkan skop penyiasatan
tapak yang perlu dijalankan.
b) Lokasi
Lokasi-lo
-lokas
kasii bangu
bangunan
nan telah
telah diub
diubah
ah dari
daripad
padaa lokas
lokasii cadan
cadangan
gan asal
asal yang
yang meng
mengaki
aki
batkan
batkan ada bebera
beberapa
pa bang
banguna
unann tidak
tidak terdap
terdapat
at ujia
ujian
n gerek
gerekan
an dala
dalam
m dijal
dijalank
ankan.
an.
c) Ketida
Ketidak k serag
seragama
aman n keada
keadaan
an tana
tanahh bawah
bawahan
an dita
ditapak
pak projek
projek ini yang
yang mana
mana masa
masalah
lah
(a) telah menyulitkan lagi keadaan ini. 4.0 Perlu dimaklumkan bahawa pusat ini
mendapati bahawa tidak terdapat apa-apa sistem perparitan yang telah disediakan
bagi
bagi proje
projek
k ini.
ini. pleh
pleh yang
yang demik
demikian
ian pihak
pihak tuan
tuan perlul
perlulah
ah meng
mengkaj
kajii akan
akan hal
hal ini
ini dan
dan
membuat pengesyoran yang sewajarnya.
Sekian, harap maklum
'BERKHIDMAT
'BERKHIDMAT UNTUK HEGARA'
HEGARA'
'CINTAILAH
'CINTAILAH BAHASA KITA'
KITA'
Saya yang menurut perintah,
( IR. NEON CHENG AIK )

Penolong Pengarah Kanan (Pusat Penyelidikan) b.p. Pengarah,

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Institut Latihan & Penyelidikan JKR, Jalan Serdang,43000 KAJANG,

KAJANG, Selangor DarulEhsan.
Proje
ojek : Cadangan MaMaktab Per
Perg
guruan Sri Pi
Pinang,
ng,
Bukit Mertajam, Pulau Pinang.
1.0 Tujuan
Laporan ini adalah bertujuan untuk menyampaikan keputusan penyiasatan tapak dan syor-
syor asas yang sesuai bagi projek di atas.
2.0 Skop Pr
Projek
Perlaksanaan projek ini akan melibatkan pembinaan blok-blok bangunan seperti yang tert
era di
di dalam
dalam lukis
lukisan
an pelan
pelan tata
tatatur
tur BKP
BKP 187
187/89
/89/1
/1 (PRE)
(PRE) A dan peny
penyedi
ediaan
aan tapa
tapak
k akan
akan
melibatkan kerja-kerja pemotongan sedalam di antara 0.0 hingga b.Om dan penimbusan di
antara 0.0 hingga 5.0m.
3.0
3.0 Skop
Skop Ker
Kerja
ja Pen
Penyi
yias
asat
atan
an
Dalam menialankan kerja-kerja penyiasatan, sebanyak 30 bil. ujian gerekan dalam, 85 bil.
ujian proba Mackintosh dan bil. ujian gerimit tangan telah dijalankan dan lot:asi-lokasi
ujian-ujian ini adalah berdasarkan kepada
kepada lukisan tatatur asal BKP 187/89/1(PRE). Kerja-
kerja penyiasatan
penyiasatan tapat: ini telah dijalankan oleh Sekata Bina Sdn. Bhd. Disamping
Disamping ujian-
ujian-
ujian di tapak, ujian-ujian makmal juga telah diIakukan ke atas contoh-contoh tanah yang
diperolehi bagi mengetahui jenis dan sifat-sifat tanah yang terdapat di tapak.
4.0 Syor-syor As
Asas
Keupayaan
Keupayaan galas
Jenis Jenis Saiz & Beban Ujian tanggung yg.
yg. Dibenarkan
Dibenarkan
Bangunan Asas Panjang (kN/cerucuk) Dibenarkan
(kN/cerucuk) 2
(kN/m )
‘A’ Cerucuk 305 x 305 450.0 900.0 -
Konkrit @ 21.0
Tetulang
‘B’ " 305 x 305 " " -

@ 18.0
‘C’ Penapak - - - 95.0(2000 psf)

Konkrit @ 1.5m b.F.L.
b.F.L.
Tetulang (JKR probes
probes >
40 blows/foot).
‘D’ (A) " - - - "
(B) " - - - 71.0 (1500 psf)

@ 1.5m b.o.g.l.
(JKR probes
probes >
40 blows/foot).
‘E’ " - - - 71.0 (1500 psf)

@ 1.5m b.F.L.
b.F.L.
(JKR probes
probes >
30 blows/foot)
blows/foot)..

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
‘F’ (A) Cerucuk 152 x 152 100.0 200.0 -

Kayu @ 9.0
Berubat
(B) Penapak - - - 71.0 (1500 psf)

probes >
30 blows/foot)
blows/foot)..
‘G’ " - - - 71.0 (1500 psf)

@ 1.5m b.o.g.l.
(JKR probes
probes >
40 blows/foot)
blows/foot)..
‘H’ Cerucuk 305 x 305 500.0 1000.0 -

Konkrit @ 18.0
Tetulang
‘J’ " " " " -
‘K’ Penapak - - - 71.0 (1500 psf)

Konkrit @ 1.5m b.o.g.l.
probes >
40 blows/foot)
blows/foot)..
‘L’ Cerucuk 305 x 305 430.0 860.0 -
Konkrit @ 15.0
Tetulang
‘M’ Penapak - - - 95.0 (2000 psf)

probes >
40 blows/foot)
blows/foot)..
‘N’ Cerucuk 254 x 254 160.0 320.0 -
Konkrit @ 6.0
Tetulang
‘P’ " 305 x 305 500.0 1000.0 -

@ 15.0
‘Q’ Penapak - - - 95.0 (2000 psf)

probes >
40 blows/foot).
blows/foot).
‘R’ " - - - "
‘S’ " - - - "

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
‘U1’ (A) Cerucuk 381 x 381 650.0 1300.0 -

Konkrit @ 18.0
Tetulang
(C) " 381 x 381 650.0 1300.0 -

@ 18.0
atau " 305 x 305 450.0 900.0 -

@ 18.0
(B) Penapak - - - 95.0 (2000 psf)

Konkrit @ 1.5m b.o.g.l.
Tetulang (JKR probes >
50 blows/foot).
‘U2’ (A) " - - - 95.0 (2000 psf)

@ 1.5m b.F.L.
b.F.L.
(JKR probes
probes >
40 blows/foot).
(B) Cerucuk 381 x 381 650.0 1300.0 -

Konkrit @ 15.0
Tetulang
atau " 305 x 305 450.0 900.0 -

@ 18.0
‘V’ " 381 x 381 650.0 1300.0 -
atau
305 x 305 450.0 900.0 -
atau
254 x 254 300.0 600.0 -
@ 15.0
‘T’ " 381 x 381 900.0 1800.0 -

@ 18.0
‘X’ Penapak - - - 95.0 (2000 psf)

b.F.L.
probes >
40 blows/foot).

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Syor-syor asas adalah seperti berikut:-

Nota:
i) Cerucuk Konkrit Tetulang
a) Daya tanggung
tanggung beban
beban kebanyakan cerucuk-cerucuF: yang direkabentuk
direkabentuk adalah
adalah dari
separa geseran badan dan separ.a tanggung huiung dan keupayaan galas yang disy
orkan adalah berdasarkan kekuatan tanah dalam lingi:ungan batasan rendah serta
menggunakan faktor keselamatan 2.0.
b) Sekura
Sekurang-
ng-W Wrangny
rangnyaa 5 bila
bilanga
ngann ceruc
cerucuk
uk perm
permula
ulaan
an perl
perlu
u ditan
ditanam
am bagi
bagi setiap
setiap bangu
bangu
nan yang dicadangi;an yang memerlukan asas cerucuk dan 1 bilangan cerucuk ini
perlu
perlu dija
dijalan
lankan
kan ujian
ujian beba
bebann (ini
(ini berm
bermakn
aknaa bahaw
bahawaa sekur
sekurang
ang-ku
-kuran
rangny
gnyaa satu
satu ujia
ujian
n
beban
beban dibu
dibuat
at bagi
bagi setiap
setiap bangun
bangunanan yang
yang meliba
melibatka
tkan
n asas
asas ceru
cerucuF
cuF:).
:). Ujian
Ujian beba
bebann ini
ini
boleh
boleh dija
dijalan
lankan
kan selepa
selepass 3 ming
minggu
gu ceru
cerucuk
cuk-ce
-ceruc
rucuk
uk berk
berkena
enaanan dita
ditanam
nam..
ii) Penapak
Penapak Konkrit
Konkrit Tetulang
etulang
a) Fenapak-penapak E:onkrit hendaklah ditanam ke paras dalaman yang telah ditetap
kan di dalam jadual di atas (b. F. L. - below formation, atau b.o.g.l. - below original
ground level), dan lobang-lobang asas yang dikorek hendaklah jangan dibiarkan ter
dedah terlalu lama. Kerja-kerja 'concrete sdreeding' dan konkriting hendaklah
dilakukan secepat mungkin selepas penggalian lobang asas.
b) Walauba
alaubagai
gaiman
manapu
apunn ujian
ujian penges
pengesaha
ahan
n proba
proba-pr
-proba
oba JKR perlu
perlu dija
dijalan
lankan
kan terleb
terlebih
ih
dahulu bagi setiap kedudukan tiang bangunan-bangunan yang-dicadangkan bagi
memastikan hentaman proba-proba ini tidak kurang dari apa yang dicatitkan di dal
am jadual di atas dari dasar lobang asas kebawah dan ujian-ujian ini hendaklah dibu
at sebelum kerja-kerja pergorekkan lobang-lobang asas.
iii) Cerucuk KaKayu Be
Berubat
a) Daya tanggung
tanggung cerucuk yang direkabentuh
direkabentuh adalah
adalah separa geseran badan dan sep
ara tanggung hujung dan faktor keselamatan yang digunakan di dalam perkiraan
adalah 2.0 serta menggunakan kekuatan tanah- dalam lingkungan batasan rendah.
b) Cerucu
Cerucukk henda
hendakla
klahh ditan
ditanam
am sehi
sehingg
nggaa menca
mencapai
pai set yang
yang sesua
sesuaii dan
dan ini
ini dijan
dijangka
gka
akan ditemui di paras dalaman lebih dari 6.0m.
c) Cerucuk !:ayu KEMFAS

KEMFAS Berubat yang
yang diluluskan
diluluskan oleh SIRIM hendaklah digu
nakan dan perlu mematuhi keperluan-keperluan
keperluan-keperluan yang terkandung di dalam surat
pekeli
pekelilin
ling
g KF*:R
KF*:R 7/1984
7/1984..
d) Sekurang-kurangnya 3 bil. cerucuk

cerucuk permulaan perlu ditanam terlebih dahulu
dahulu dan
2 bil. cerucuk ini hendaklah dijalankan ujian beban. Ujian beban ini boleh
dilakukan selepas 3 minggu cerucuk-cerucul: berkenaan ditanam.
5.0 Syor-syor Tambahan

a) Kerja-
Kerja-ker
kerja
ja peni
penimbu
mbusan
san dan pemo
pemoton
tongan
gan hendak
hendaklah
lah dija
dijalan
lankan
kan pada
pada perina
perinakat
kat
permu
permu laan
laan kerja
kerja-ke
-kerja
rja pembin
pembinaan
aan dan tanah
tanah yang
yang ditimb
ditimbusus hend
hendakl
aklah
ah di
di dalam
dalam
lapisan tidak melebihi 300mm dan setiap lapisan dipadat ke tahap 95% mengikut
Piawaian Kepadatan British dengan penentuan JKR.
b) Bagi
Bagi bangu
bangunan
nan-ba
-bangu
ngunan
nan di mana
mana lantai
lantai-la
-lanta
ntaii tingk
tingkat
at bawa
bawah
h akan
akan dile
diletak
takkan
kan di atas
atas

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
tanah timbus melebihi 2.50m kegunaan lantai gantung adalah diperakukan, dan
untuk bangunan-bangunan lain yang mana lantai-lantai tingkat bawah akan
dilekakan
dilekakan di atas tanah timbus
timbus tidak melebih
melebihii 2.50m lantai-l
lantai-lantai
antai ini hendakla
hendaklah
h
diperkuatakan dengan 2 lapisan BRC dan sambungan bebas disediakan di anatara
lanatai dan rasuk/dinding bangunan.
c) Penyed
Penyediaa
iaan
n penya
penyambu
mbung
ng bagi
bagi setiap
setiap jarak
jarak 6.0m
6.0m adala
adalah
h wajar
wajar bagi
bagi lantai
lantai-la
-lanta
ntaii
apron kesemua bangunan yang dicadangkan dan mana-mana lantai apron yang akan
diletakkan di atas timbus melebihi -1.0m lantai apron ini perlu dipisahkan daripada
tiang/rasuk/dinding
tiang/rasuk/dinding bangunan dengan bitumen.
d) Bagi
Bagi blok-b
blok-blok
lok bang
banguna
unann di mana
mana pusat
pusat ini
ini telah
telah meng
mengesy
esyork
orkan
an lebih
lebih dari
dari satu
satu saiz
saiz
cerucuk, pihak tuan . bolehlah memilih mana-mana saiz.yang didapati lebih
ekonomik tetapi HANYA
HANYA SATU
SATU SAIZ CERUCUK DIBENARKAN bagi satu ban
gunan.
e) Pusat
Pusat ini
ini juga
juga menges
mengesyor
yorkan
kan agar
agar.. kecura
kecuraman
man ceru
cerun-c
n-ceru
erun
n yang
yang akan
akan didiri
didirikan
kan tida
tidak
k
melebihi IM: 1(H) bagi cerun-cerun potong (cut slopes) dan, IM: 1.5(H) bagi cerun-
gerun timbud (filled slopes).
6.0 Hal-hal Lain

Satu set rekod penanaman cerucuk-cerucuk yang diuji berserta dengan keputusan ujian-
ujian bebannya hendaklah dikemukakan kepada pusat ini untuk tujuan dokumentasi.
7.0 Penutup
Dikemukakan syor-syor dan ulasan pusat ini untuk tindakan tuan selanjutnya.
Pusat Penyelidikan,Institut Latihan & Penyelidikan JKR.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Lampiran 'E'
Settlement Estimation of Fill
From classification results underlying soil is of the COHESIVE type with a fair proportion of
sandy materials. It is most probable that the fill material to be used would be obtained from the
cut-areas. Hence for settlement analysis it is assume that the fill material is of the cohesive type.
In the estimation of soil settlement it is assume that the - original underlying soil where the fill
would be place experience negligible settlement and whatever settlement that would occur is sole-
ly from consolidation of the fill under its own weight. It is also assume that the fill is uncompacted
since it is most common now that the control exercised in placing fill and compaction has fre-
quently been insufficient to ensure an adequate and uniform support for structures immediately
after placement.
Hence for estimation of settlement of fill, fig. 1.0 below would be used.
From fig. 1.0 graph 5, cohesive material would settle around 11% of its thickness.
Suppose that construction period is 2 years and construction of ground floor would be carried out
after a period of 1.5 years after placement of fill..
Take case where height of fill = 2.50m
Therefore settlement of fill = 0.11 x 2.50 = .275m
Settlement (': of height of fill)

fill) = 0.08 x. 2.50 = 0.200m after period
period of 1.5 yrs.
Hence remaining settlement after = 0.275 - 0.200 = 0.075m

0.075m period of 1.5 yrs.
Therefore for those buildings placed on fill ground of height >> 2.50m suspended floor is recom-
mended and for the others . place on fill < 2.50m independent floor with 2 layers of BRC.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Proj
Projek
ek : SM.
SM. Keba
Kebang
ngsa
saan
an Sung
Sungai
ai Besa
Besarr,Sab
,Sabak
ak Bern
Bernam
am,, Sela
Selang
ngor
or..
Pakej : KBSM.
1.0. Tujuan.
Lapuran ini adalah bertujuan untuk menyampaikan keputusan penyiasatan tapak dan syor
asas yang sesuai bagi.projek diatas.
2.0. Skop Ke
Kerja
Perlaksanaan projek ini akan melibatkan pembinaan 1 Blok, 2 Tingkat (6BD,) bangunan
sekolah seperti yang tertera didalam pelan tatatur JKR/SB:765/81A. Aras tanah sediada
adalah merupakan cadangan aras formasi tapakbina ini,dan tidak-melibatkan sebarang
penamb
penambuna
unan.
n.
3.0.
3.0. Skop
Skop Kerja
Kerja Peny
Penyia
iasa
sata
tan
n Tap
Tapak
ak
Sebanyak 8 bilangan ujian proba JKR telah dijalankan oleh JKR Sabak Bernam, dan-2
bilang
bilangan
an ujia
ujian
n gerek
gerekan
an dala
dalamm telah
telah dijala
dijalanka
nkan
n oleh
oleh Unit
Unit Makmal
Makmal diloka
dilokasi-
si-lok
lokasi
asi yang
yang
bertan
bertanda
da dida
didalam
lam pelan
pelan tata
tatatur
tur..
4.0.
4.0. Syor
Syor-s
-syo
yorr Asas
Asas
Berdasarkan kira-kira rekabentuk, syor asas adalah seperti berikut:-
Jenis Asas Saiz Asas Panjang Asas Keupayaan galas Beban

(mm) (mm) yg. Dibenarkan
Dibenarkan Ujian
(kN/cerucuk)
(kN/cerucuk)
Cerucuk Konkrit
254 x 254 30.0 300 600
Tetulang
4.1. Daya tanggung

tanggung beban
beban cerucuk
cerucuk konkri
konkritt tetulang
tetulang yang direkabent
direkabentuk
uk adalah
adalah
kebanyakannya dari geseran badang, Perkiraan adalah menggunakan kekuatan tanah
di dalam lingkungan batasan rendah. Ini bermakna hanya 1 cerucuk sahaja diper
lukan bagi setiap tiang.
4.2. Bacaan
Bacaan set tidaklah
tidaklah perlu
perlu semasa
semasa penanaman
penanaman cerucuk,
cerucuk, dan
dan cerucuk
cerucuk bolihlah
bolihlah
ditanamkan diparas dalaman 30.0m.
4.3. Sekurang-k
Sekurang-kurang
urangnya
nya 6 (enam) bilangan
bilangan cerucu
cerucuk
k permulaa
permulaann hendakla
hendaklah
h ditanam
ditanam dan 1
(satu) bilangan cerucuk yang berdekatan dengan.lokasi ujian gerekan dalam hendak
lah dijalankan ujian.beban selepas 4 (empat) minggu cerucuk. berkenaan ditanam.
5.0.
5.0. Syor
Syor-s
-syo
yorr Tam
Tamba
baha
han
n
Bagi mengelakkan keretakan lantai apron unit ini berpend.apat penyed.iaan penyambung
bagi
bagi setia
setiap
p jarak
jarak 6.Om
6.Om adala
adalah
h wajar
wajar.. Lanta
Lantaii apron
apron juga
juga perlu
perlulah
lah dipisa
dipisahka
hkan
n darip
daripada
ada dind
dind
ing dan tiang bangunan supaya pergerakan berlainan sekiranya berlaku akan tersekat.
6.0.
.0. Hal
Hal-ha
-hal La
Lain
Satu set rekod penanaman cerucuk-cerucuk berserta dengan' keputusan ujian-ujian beban
nya hendaklah dikemukakan kepada unit ini bagi tujuan kaiian lanjut dan rekod.
7.0. Penutup.
Dikemukakan syor-syor dan ulasan unit ini untuk tindakan tuan selanjutnya.

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
DATAS OBTAINED FORM : EN. BAHARUDIN LOKMAN JKR(O) S B
PROJEK : SMK SUNGAI BESAR

DAERAH : SABAK BERNAM NEGERI : SELANGOR
1. HISTORY OF SITES
* Any Cut / Fill ? NO
- If there’s fill – when ?
- What is the
the depth of fill?
* Is there a slope ? NO
- How far from the proposed building ?
- What is the height of the slope ?
2. HISTORY OF EXISTING NEARBY BUILDINGS
* What is the type of foundation ? PILE
If Pile - What Type ? RC
- What Size ? 305 x 305
If Pad - What Depth ? -
- What Bearing Capacity ?
* When Constructed ? 80’s
* How is the present conditions ? OK
- Any apron / floor cracks ? SIGN OF
- Other sign of distress

distres s ? CRACKS
* How far is the nearest building ? 30’
3. SOIL CONDITIONS
* What type of soils ? SOFT CLAY
* What is the water level ? HIGH
HBB /hbb

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
UNIT MAKMAL
MAKMAL
NO. HELAI …………… 1…………
HELAI ……………
KIRA – KIRA REKABENTUK
REKABENTUK
REKABENTUK OLEH ………
……… ….…
CAWANGAN REKABENTUK DAN PENYELIDIKAN
PENYELIDIKAN IBU PEJABAT,
PEJABAT, JKR.
NO. FAIL
FAIL ………………
………………………
……… …...
PROJEK : SMK SUNGAI
SUNGAI BESAR.
DAERAH : SABAK BERNAM.
BERNAM. TARIKH ………4.10.89…………
PAKEJ : KBSM
RUJUKAN
RUJUKAN KIRA – KIRA CATATAN
CATATAN
Lukisan
Lukisan 1. Blok / 2 tct. (GBD) sekolah
sekolah RL : 29.54
JKR/SB: 765/81A FL : 30.00
Column Loadings(T)
Loadings(T)
Lukisan Frame
Front Back
F1 20 18
F2 29 25 MAX 29T
F3 25 21
Datas &
No fitting included
Assumptions
Level Geological SPT Cu x
(m) (ft) Section (N) kN/m2

kN/m
0 0 v/s
v/s
α 12 40 - (0.03) 1.0
v.soft v/s 25
Cu to (0.23) 0.9
Stiff -
Silty
Clay
Qu = Qs + Qb
Qb
Clay: Qs = As
As x Cu Qb = Ab 9 Cb
Sand : Qs = ASN Qb = Ab 4 N
50
Qa = Qu
f.o.s.
E96

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
UNIT MAKMAL
MAKMAL
NO. HELAI ……… 2…………….….
HELAI ………
REKABENTUK
REKABENTUK OLEH ……… …..…
PENYELIDIKAN IBU
IBU PEJABAT,
PEJABAT, JKR.
NO. FAIL
FAIL ………………
………………………
……… .…...
PROJEK : SMK SUNGAI
SUNGAI BESAR.
DAERAH : SABAK BERNAM. TARIKH ………4.10.89……….…
PAKEJ : KBSM
RUJUKAN
CATATAN
Try RC Piles
Piles
Level BXB Qs Qb Qa Qa Remarks
(m) (ft) (in) (T) (T) (T) (T)

2
30 100 61 B 3.5 B
10 x 10 51 2.4 35 27 * quite close
12 x 12 61 3.5 42 32
15 x 15 76 5.5 53 41
2
67B 40B
10 x 10 56 28 47 42
12 x 12 67 40 58 54
15 x 15 84 63 77 74
Cost comperison
F2 F2 F2
F1 F3 F3 F3 F3 F3 F3 F1
Frames Front Back Col
F1 2 2 4
F2 3 3 6
F3 6 6 12
E96

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
UNIT MAKMAL
MAKMAL
NO. HELAI …… 3..…………….……
HELAI ……
REKABENTUK
REKABENTUK OLEH
OLEH ……… …..…
PENYELIDIKAN IBU PEJABAT,
PEJABAT, JKR.
NO. FAIL
FAIL ………………………
……………………… .…...
PROJEK : SMK SUNGAI
SUNGAI BESAR.
DAERAH
DAERAH : SABAK BERNAM.
BERNAM. TARIKH ……4.10.89………….…
PAKEJ : KBSM
RUJUKAN
Frames
Frames Column No of Piles
10” x 10” @ 12” x 12” @ 15” x 15” @
Loads(T)
30T(30m) 30T(30m) 30T(30m)
at 100 at 100 at 100
F1 20
18
F2 29
25
F3 25
21
Total 22 22 22
Rate $0.32/m2 $0.30/m 2 $0.28/m 2
Per m Per m Per m
Materials
Materials $960/- $1296/- $1890/-
10% 96/- 129.6/- 189/-
Total Cost $23,232/-

$23,232/- $31,363/-
$31,363/- $45738/-
Recommende
Recommended
d R.C.
R.C. Piles
Size : 10”
10” x 10” (254
(254 x 254)
Length
Length : 1 00’ (30m)
(30m)
Qa : 30T/Pile
30T/Pile (300kN
(300kN Pile)
f.o.s.
f.o.s. : 1.5 skin 3.0
3.0 bearing
bearing
Pile is of mainly
mainly friction
friction
E96

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Project : SM.KEB.SUNGAI
SM.KEB.SUNGAI BESAR,
BESAR, SABAK
SABAK BERNAM,
BERNAM, SELANGOR.
SELANGOR.
BD = Bilik Da
Bangunan
Bangunan : 2 tingkat
tingkat SC = Makmal
Makmal S
Jenis (BD/SC/BDS/S
(BD/SC/BDS/SCS)
CS) : BD BDS = Bilik D
Pile dim. : 254 mm sq. piles SCS = Makmal
Makmal
Length
Length : 30 m
W.Load : 30 Tonnes
Tonnes
No. of Column Column Piles/

Frames Piles Req’d.
Frames Position Load Column
F1 2 Front 20.0 1 2
//////////
//////////////
/////////
//////////
//////////
///////
// Back 18.0 1 2
F2 3 Front 29.0 1 3
//////////
//////////////
/////////
//////////
//////////
///////
// Back 25.0 1 3
F3 6 Front 25.0 1 6
//////////
//////////////
/////////
//////////
/////// //////
////// Back 21.0 1 6
TOTAL : 22
$35.20 /m.
/m. length
length Cost : $23,232.00
$23,232.00
ALTERNATIV
ALTERNATIVELY
ELY : -
Pile dim. : 305 mm sq. piles

Length
Length : 30 m
W.Load : 45 Tonnes
Tonnes

F1 2 Front 20.0 1 2
//////////
//////////////
/////////
//////////
//////////
///////
// Back 18.0 1 2
F2 3 Front 29.0 1 3
//////////
//////////////
/////////
//////////
//////////
///////
// Back 25.0 1 3
F3 6 Front 25.0 1 6
//////////
//////////////
/////////
//////////
//////////
///////
// Back 21.0 1 6
TOTAL : 22
$47.52 /m.
/m. length
$31,363.20

FOR INTERNAL
INTERNAL USE ONLY
Project : SM.KEB.SUNGAI
SM.KEB.SUNGAI BESAR,
BESAR, SABAK
SABAK BERNAM,
BERNAM, SELANGOR.
SELANGOR.
BD = Bilik Da
Bangunan
Bangunan : 2 tingkat
tingkat SC = Makmal S
Jenis (BD/SC/BDS/S
(BD/SC/BDS/SCS)
CS) : BD BDS = Bilik D
Pile dim. : 381 mm sq. piles SCS = Makmal
Length
Length : 30 m
W.Load : 30 Tonnes
Tonnes

F1 2 Front 20.0 1 2
//////////
///////////////
/////////
/////////
/////////
///////
/// Back 18.0 1 2
F2 3 Front 29.0 1 3
//////////
///////////////
/////////
/////////
/////////
///////
/// Back 25.0 1 3
F3 6 Front 25.0 1 6
//////////
///////////////
/////////
/////////
/////// //////
////// Back 21.0 1 6
TOTAL : 22
$69.30 /m.
/m. length
$45,738.00
ALTERNATIVE
ALTERNATIVELY
LY : -
Pile dim. : 305 mm sq. piles

Length
Length : 30 m
W.Load : 45 Tonnes
Tonnes

F1 2 Front 20.0 1 2
//////////
///////////////
/////////
/////////
/////////
///////
/// Back 18.0 1 2
F2 3 Front 29.0 1 3
//////////
///////////////
/////////
/////////
/////////
///////
/// Back 25.0 1 3
F3 6 Front 25.0 1 6
//////////
///////////////
/////////
/////////
/////////
///////
/// Back 21.0 1 6
TOTAL : 22
$47.52 /m.
/m. length
$31,363.20

Micropile Design Calculations for Kenny Hill Formation

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Micropile Design Calculations for Kenny Hill Formation

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FOR INTERNAL

INTERNAL USE ONLY

Sample Design Calculations

Generalized Subsoil Profile

- Generally flat terrain

Mild Steel Capping Plate

Safe Working Load

Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L Page 1

Subject : Micropile Design

1.2 Cementitious Grout

1.3 API Pipe Reinforcement

1.4 Compliance with British Standards Designed Req. Min. Source

2.0 Structural Design

Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L Page 2

2.3 Design Safe Working Load SWL = 80 tonnes

3.2 Grout l API Pipe Bond

5.0 Rate of Corrosion of Reinforcement

Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L Page 3

5.1.8 Elastic Modulus Es = 210 GPa

6.0 Pilehead Capping Details

6.1 Capping Plate Size

6.2 Thickness of Stiffners

6.3 Thickness of Capping Plate

Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L Page 4

6.5 Check Stiffeners for Buckling

6.6 Check Bearing on API Pipe

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The top 12m to

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Allowable load : Ab, af + As,fs

qf = unit base resistance

As = Pile circumference area (m2)

fs = unit skin friction

The detailed pile calculations are given in Appendix B.

4.2 Tension piles

As = Pile circumference area

fs = Unit skin friction

Factory of safety against friction resistance = 2

The detailed pile calculations are given in Appendix B.

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(a) West Abutment

Average Unit Shaft Friction : 16 tonne/m 2

The compression Test

Ultimate Shaft capacity : 1,945 tonne

Mobilised Toe capacity : 548 tonne

Based on these assessment, piles were constructed to following toe elevations:

Tension Piles : RL 31.00

(b) East Abutment

Ultimate Shaft capacity : 624 tonne

Unit Shaft Resistance : 9 tonne/m 2

Ultimate Shaft capacity : 625 tonne

Ultimate Toe capacity : 1041 tonne

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Unit Shaft Resistance : 12 tonne/m 2

Mobilised Unit Toe

Ultimate Shaft capacity : 730 tonne

Mobilised Toe capacity : 790 tonne

Ultimate Unit Shaft Resistance : 10 tonne/m 2

Mobilised Unit Shaft Resistance : 447 tonne/m 2

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