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With the fast development of Chinese mobile Radio propagation model is a simulation of radio
communication system, all operators are paying more transmitting channel, which is used to forecast the
and more attention to the matching extent between power of received signal. Propagation model is usually
propagation model and local environment. The radio complicated, different models are needed to calculate
propagation environment is very complicated, and the path loss in different frequency spectrums, so that to
otherness between different areas is great, so it is forecast coverage area of each base station, achieving
necessary to carry actual propagation model testing and the purpose that the investment is most inexpensive
tuning, and then obtain the propagation model which and the interference is least. At present, many
reflects radio propagation characteristic exactly. This researchers have summarized some typical propagation
point is more important to the Third Generation (3G) models based on a great deal of study. Propagation
mobile communication system, which is of much- models which are being applied extensively include
operation characteristic [1], [2], [3]. Okumura-Hata model, CCIR model, Cost231-Hata
model, Cost231-WIM model and so on [6].
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3.3. Data processing For each test of a certain station, f, hte, hre are all
fixed value, but d is a variable, so the model tuning
After collecting instantaneous received power of mainly aims at K1 and K2. In order to simplify tuning
testing area, all the data must be processed, and then process into linear iteration, we calculate the logarithm
they can be used to propagation model tuning. of d, and then obtain a matrix lg d ( n ) about d
Generally speaking, data processing is separated into
four parts: lg d ( n ) = {lg d1 ,lg d 2 ," lg d n } (3)
(1) Data filtrating: one hand, we should filtrate the Where n is the number of testing data points.
data which is lack of time information or longitude and Assuming the testing path loss which is
latitude information; the other hand, we should filtrate
corresponding with variable d is LCW, the forecasting
the data whose signal power is bigger than 40 dBm or
path loss by means of COST231-Hata model is LCost231.
less than minus 130 dBm;
(2) GPS adjusting: adjust the longitude and latitude Compared the testing data with forecasting data, the
of testing data in order to make it inosculate with difference value can be expressed as
digital map, and then make sure that testing routes on ΔL = LCW − LCost 231 (4)
digital map inosculate with corresponding street;
(3) Geography averaging: paint all the testing area Then, the matrix ΔL( n ) is given by
into grid, whose border’s length is 6 meters long. Then ΔL( n) = {ΔL1 , ΔL2 ,"ΔLn } (5)
calculate the arithmetical average of all the data
distributed in each grid, and regard the center of this After the above predigesting process, we establish
grid as new location point; an equation which is needed to be tuned. The equation
(4) Path loss calculating: after obtaining is written as
instantaneous received power of each specific area by ΔL = C1 + C2 ⋅ lg d (6)
means of geography averaging, the influence of
Where C1 is attenuation constant, C2 is attenuation
antenna plus, feedback string loss and penetration loss
parameter about distance.
should be removed, and then we can obtain the path
Assuming the path loss difference value calculated
loss used to propagation model tuning.
by formula(4)is ΔLi ; the corresponding path loss
4. Improved method of propagation model difference value calculated by formula (6)is Δ L ,
i
tuning then the function of total error can be calculated as
n
∑ ( Δ L − Δ Li )
2
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⎧ ⎡n 2⎤ ⎡
n
⎤ ⎡n ⎤ ⎡n ⎤ Table 3. Model parameters after tuning
⎪ ⎢∑( lgdi ) ⎥ ⋅ ⎢∑ΔLi ⎥ − ⎢∑( lgdi ) ⎥ ⋅ ⎢∑( lgdi ) ΔLi ⎥
⎪C1 = ⎣ i=1 ⎦ ⎣ i =1 ⎦ ⎣ i =1 ⎦ ⎣ i=1 ⎦ Parameters Before Tuning After Tuning
⎪ ⎡ n
2⎤ ⎡
n
⎤
2
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35% 32.2%
experiment shows that the average error of forecasting
30%
30.3% data calculated by tuned model reduces by 14 dB,
25%
24.6% which accords with the requirement of mobile
communication network planning.
20%
15%
10.3%
7. References
10%
5% 2.0% [1] Zhu Dongzhao, Luo Jiandi, Wand Dingding and Xiao
0.0% 0.2% 0.4%
0% Qinghua, TD-SCDMA Radio Network Planning and
Optimization, Posts and Telecommunication Press, Beijing,
Er<0
0<Er<5
5<Er<10
10<Er<15
15<Er<20
20<Er<25
25<Er<30
Err>30
2005.
[2] Y. H. Chen, K. L. Hsieh, “A Dual Least-Square Approach
Error Extension (dB) of Tuning Optimal Propagation Model for Existing 3G Radio
Network”, Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE 63rd,
Figure 2. Error distribution of forecasting data Melbourne Vic, 2006, pp.2942-2946.
calculated by COST231-Hata model [3] Li Mingchun, “Analysis of Complexity for 3G Radio
Network Planning”, Mobile Communication, The 7th
60% 56.9% Graduate School of Communication, Guangzhou, China,
50% 2005, pp.63-65.
[4] Liu Yang, Wand Fang and Chang Yongyu, YANG Da-
40%
cheng. “Theoretical and Simulation Investigation on
30% Coexistence between TD-SCDMA and WCDMA system”,
17.4% Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE, Dublin, 2007,
20% 14.5% pp.1198-1203.
10% 4.2% 5.1% [5] Chen Bo, Shi Wenxiao and Yang Mingjing, “Study on
0.1% 1.4% 0.4%
0%
Propagation Model Tuning Based on WCDMA System”,
Journal of Jilin University (Information Science Edition),
-20<Er<-15
-15<Er<-10
-10<Er<-5
-5<Er<5
5<Er<10
10<Er<15
15<Er<20
20<Er<25
6. Conclusion
In this paper, we proposed a simple linear-iterative
tuning method using least square theory based on
existing model tuning method, and this method is used
to tune propagation model of 3G system in dense area
of a certain internal small and medium-sized city. Then,
we validate the tuned results from error analysis and
statistical verification two aspects. Result of
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