EXERCISE ON STOICHIOMETRY

Solve the following as directed:

1. Calculate the number of molecules in an eight-ounce glass of water. (1lb = 16 oz = 453.6 g)

2. Complete the following table for acetone, C3H6O, the main component of a nail polish remover:

Number of grams Number of moles Number of molecules Number of carbon

atoms
0.2500
0.2000
2.5x10 10
8.0 x 10 15

3. The active ingredient of some antiperspirants is aluminum chlorohydrate, Al2(OH)5Cl. Calculate the
mass percent of each element in this ingredient.

4. Determine the simplest formula of saccharin, an artificial sweetener, which has the composition:
45.90% C, 2.75% H, 26.60% O, 17.50% S, and 7.65% N.

5. Dimethyl nitrosamine is a known carcinogen. It can be formed in the intestinal tract when digestive
juices react with the nitrite ion in preserved and smoked meats. It is made up of carbon, hydrogen,
nitrogen, and oxygen atoms. A 4.319 g sample of dimethyl nitrosamine burned in oxygen yields 5.314 g of
CO2 and 3.151 g of water. The compound contains 37.82% by mass of nitrogen. What is the simplest
formula of dimethyl nitrosamine?

6. At a winery, the glucose in grapes undergoes fermentation to produce ethyl alcohol and carbon
dioxide, as shown:

C6H12O6 → 2 C2H6O + 2 CO2

a) How many moles of CO2 are produced when 500.0 g of glucose undergo fermentation?
b) How many grams of ethanol would be formed from the reaction of 0.240 kg of glucose?

7. Casahol is a fuel containing ethyl alcohol (C2H6O) which burns in oxygen (O2) to give CO2 and H2O.
a) State the reactants and products for this reaction in the form of an equation.
b) Balance the equation.
c) How many moles of O2 are needed to react completely with 4.0 moles of ethyl alcohol?
d) How many grams of H2O will be produced when 24.0 g of C2H6O react?
e) If a car produces 88 g CO2, how many grams of O2 are used up in this reaction?

8. A gaseous mixture containing7.50 mole H2(g) and 9.00 mol Cl2 (g) reacts to form hydrogen chloride
gas.
a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction.
b) Which reactant is limiting?
c) If all the limiting reactant is consumed, how many moles of hydrogen chloride are formed?
d) How many moles of the excess reactant remain unreacted?

9. The space shuttle uses aluminum metal and ammonium perchlorate, NH4ClO4, in its reusable booster
rockets. The products of the reaction are aluminum oxide, aluminum chloride, NO, and steam. The
reaction mixture contains 5.75 g of Al and 7.32 g of NH4ClO4.
a) What is the theoretical yield of aluminum chloride, AlCl3?
b) If 1.87g of aluminum chloride is formed, what is the percent yield?