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techniques in groundnut
Manjappa
M Sc. Scholar
Dept. of Genetics & Plant Breeding
GROUNDNUT(Arachis hypogaea)
• 2n=4x=40 (Allotetraploid)
• O: Papilionaceae
• Synonym: peanut, Mungphalli, China Badam, Badam ,
wonder legume (for its flowering, pegging & pod formation
pattern)
• It is a herb, erect/trailing, photo insensitive.
Production in m.tonne
State-wise production(2009-10) & Area(2008-09)
• Heavy & stiff clays are unsuitable for rainfed G.nut as they
cause difficulties in pod growth & harvesting
Research centers
• International: ICRISAT(1972)-Sorghum, Pearl
millet, chickpea, pegionpea, G.nut (ICGS
1,44,11)
• National: NRC on Groundnut- JUNAGARH
(Oct 1 1979)
Nutritional qualities of groundnut
• Oil content 44-55%
A. duranensis (A genome)
A. ipaensis (B genome)
• According to centromeric bands & RFLP data A. villosa & A.
apaensis are diploid proginators of A. hypogaea & A. monticola
• Arachis Genus has more than 70 wild species existing in nature
CLASSIFICATION
• Based on growth habit
c) Bunch: branches makes acute angle with the erect main shoot
Varietal classification of Groundnut
Breeding for-
• for-High yield
• Moisture stress(drought)- 80% of area under rainfed
• Earliness
• Pest & disease resistance
• Fresh seed dormancy- Spanish type lacks
dormancy(sprouting of seeds when caught by rain)
• increased seed viability
• High temp., cold, salinity, Al toxicity tolerance-(opt
temp.30-350C)
Cont…
• Increased biological N2 fixation(BNF)-By proper choice of
combination of host genotype & Rhizobium strain we can
increase N fixation(G.nut fix 124kg/annum)
• Resistance to lime induced chlorosis: common in calcarious &
alkaline soil
• Quality characters: Large seeded /confectionary types (ICGS
49) – high protein, sucrose & less oil content
• Oil content & quality(linoleic acid)
• Resistance to Aflatoxin contamination(ICGV 86168)
Cont…