Solving Paired-Samples T-test

To reduce agricultural waste, a new concrete mixture is proposed and is being checked if
it is effective by testing its Flexural Strength before and after adding Eggshell Ash (ESA) in the
concrete mixture. The data are as follows:

Flexural Strength of Concrete (Mpa)

di di2
Without ESA With ESA
3.320 3.760 -0.44 0.1936
4.520 3.760 0.76 0.5776
3.770 3.760 0.01 0.0001
3.930 3.750 0.18 0.0324
4.260 3.750 0.51 0.2601
3.550 3.760 -0.21 0.0441
4.100 3.770 0.33 0.1089
3.330 3.760 -0.43 0.1849

∑ 𝑑𝑖 = 0.71 ∑ 𝑑𝑖2 = 1.4017

Test Statistic
Ho : There is no significant Compute for Mean Difference
difference between the flexural
strength of the concrete without ∑𝑑
𝑑̅ =
𝑛
ESA and with ESA. 0.71
OR =
8
Ho : 𝝁𝒅 = 0 𝑑̅ = 0.08875
Ha : 𝝁𝒅 ≠ 0
𝜶 = 0.05 Compute for the Variance of Difference
Critical Region:
Reject Ho if the computed
𝑛 ∑ 𝑑2−(∑ 𝑑) 2
|𝒕| > 𝒕(𝟎.𝟎𝟓,𝟕) = 2.365 otherwise 𝑠𝑑2 = 𝑠𝑑 = √0.1912
𝑛 ( 𝑛−1)
reserve judgement. 8 ( 1.4017) −( 0.71) 2
= 𝑠𝑑 = 0.4373
8 ( 8−1)
Test Statistic: 𝑠𝑑2 = 0.1912
𝒕 = 0.5740

Solve for t-value

Decision/Conclusion:
Since the absolute value of
the computed t-value is less than 𝑑̅−𝑑0
𝑡=
2.365, the null hypothesis cannot 𝑠𝑑 ⁄√𝑛
be rejected. Hence, there is no 0.08875
= 0.4373 ⁄√8
significant difference between the
Flexural Strength of the concrete 𝑡 = 0.5740
before and after adding Eggshell
Ash.