Ulul Laily (18381032176)

Resti Indriyani (18381032140)

Fahirah Wulandari (18381032...)

Ditha Anggraini A. (18381032...)

Dewi Masitoh (18381032...)

Extrinsic Elements

A. Basic Concept
 Extrinsic element is also known as extrinsic factors influence the literary works
 It is usually becomes a ‘causal’ explanation for some description, analysis, and evaluation
of a literary work.
 Thus, critics may use extrinsic factors as an approach to make a criticism towards any
literary works.
B. Definition
 Extrinsic factors are the literary elements / factors which can be found outside the literary
works but it is indirectly influence the structure of the literary works
 Extrinsic approach is used by critics to emphasize the importance of the context to the
text.
C. The focus of Extrinsic approach…
 It is focused on the background, history, social conditions and biography of the author.
 Sometimes, it connects literature to the social context and psychology as well.
 According to Wellek & Warren(1956), part of which includes extrinsic elements are as
follows:
 Circumstances of individual subjectivity authors who have attitudes, beliefs, and outlook
on life that these things affect the making of literary works.
  Psychological state, psychological well the author, psychological readers, as well as the
application of psychological principles in the work.
 Author of circumstances, such as economic, social, and political.
 View of life of a nation, the various works of art, religion, and so forth.
D. Background of the author’s life as part of the extrinsic elements affects works of
literature. For example, the author of a particular area of cultural backgrounds, are
consciously or unconsciously, will incorporate elements of culture into literature.

Literature and Biography

 Biography may give any contribution to the making of literary works.

 From a biography, we will not only know the genius, moral, intellectual and emotional
development of a man but we may learn the psychology condition and author creative
process.
 The biographical approach forgets that a work of art is not only simply the embodiment
of experience but always the latest work in a series of such works; it is in drama, a novel,
a poem determined, so far as it is determined at all, by literary tradition and conventions.
The biographical approach actually obscures a proper comprehension of the literary
process, since it breaks up the order of literary tradition to substitute the life-circle of an
individual (Wellek and Warren, 1977: 78)
 The biographical approach ignores also quite simple psychological facts. A work of art
may be the ‘mask’, the ‘anti-self’ behind which his real person is hiding, or it may be a
picture of the life from which the author wants to escape (Wellek and Warren, 1977: 78).

Literature and Psychology

 Psychology can explain about the creative process.

 A study of revisions, corrections, and the like has more which is literarily profitable,
since, well used, it may help us perceive criticall relevant fissures, inconsistencies,
turnings, distortions, in a work of art (Wellek and Warren, 1977: 91).

The influence of extrinsic factors

 Extrinsic elements become an integral part of the building works of literature.

  Extrinsic elements give color and flavor to literature, which in turn can be interpreted as
meaning.
 Extrinsic elements that affect the work can also be used as a portrait of objective reality at
the time the work was born. So that we as readers can understand the psychological mood
state of society and author at the time.
 Author’s religious background or religiosity also can affect the work of the author's life
back literature. It is important in influencing the work of these extrinsic literature.
 World view as the way how the writer looks or means the world, including his/her beliefs
and principles of life affect the work of the author's life back literature.

The examples

Siti Nurbaya Novel has brought Minangkabau culture to the story. This is consistent with
the background of its author, Marah Rusli, which originated from Minangkabau region. He
described the culture of its origin into the taste of his literary works.

The Relation between Psychology and Literature

Psychology is the study of the mind, occurring partly via the study of behavior.

Psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing

general principles and researching specific cases, and for many it ultimately aims to benefit

society (www.ehow.com).

Psychology literature is the study literature which looking to the literary work as

psychological activity. In this case, psychological activity has to parts. First part is the writers

which give all of their psychological activities in the literary work honestly. Processing of mood

that spilled in the form of text is called writer’s psychological activity. Second part is the

reader’s psychological activity, either that is a mood when reading or ability of the reader to

accommodate writer’s feeling become a mood which can be enjoy by reader directly.
 According to Jatman psychology and literary work have strong relation, they are indirect

and functional relation. Indirect relation because both literary work and psychology have same

object that is human life. Psychology and literature also have functional relation because both of

the theme study is a psychological situation of others, the differences in psychology symptom is

real, while in literature have imaginatively character.

The Relationship between Sociology and Literature

Endraswara in his book, MetodologiPengajaran Sastra, giving the sense that the

sociology of literature are studies that focus on human problems.Literature presents a picture of

life, and life itself is largely the case of social reality. In this sense, includes the relationship

between public life with the people, between people, between the events that occur in the inner

person. Literature also reveals the struggle of humanity in their own futures, based on

imagination, feelings and intuition.Literary works received influence from the public and also be

able to make an impact on society. So that literature have relation with sociology, because what

happen in the reality are pictured out too in literary work.