Fundamentals of Nursing

Midterms

EVIDENCE- BASED PRACTICE AND RESEARCH IN NURSING

• Six steps of EBP
 Cultivate a spirit of inquiry
 Ask clinical questions
 Search for the best evidence
 Critically appraise evidence
 Integrate evidence with clinical expertise and client/family preferences
 Implement, evaluate outcomes of intervention

• Research
 Formal and systematic process to address problems and answer questions
• Concerns of reliance on research
 Controlled circumstances different from real world of health care delivery
 One-size-fits-all solution
 May ignore significance of life events to individual
• Concerns of reliance on research
 Not all research robust and flawless
EBP should promote cost-effective care, but this is often not included in traditional studies

NURSING RESEARCH
• Accrediting organizations require all baccalaureate and higher programs to include research and EBP.
• Journal Nursing Research
 First published in 1952
 Vehicle for communicating findings
• National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)

APPROACHES TO NURSING RESEARCH

• Quantitative research
 Systematic collection
 Statistical analysis
 Interpretation of numerical data
 Attention to extraneous variables
 Logical positivism
• Truth discovered by careful measurement
• Qualitative research
 Systematic collection
 Thematic analysis of narrative data
 Analyze words, not numbers
 Naturalism
 Reality is relative.
 Explores human experiences
 Qualitative traditions
  Phenomenology
 Ethnography
 Grounded theory

OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH PROCESS

• Research process
 Decisions made that result in detailed plan or proposal for study and implementation of plan
• Formulating the research problem and purpose
 Narrow into specific problem significant to nursing
• Must be feasible to study with resources
• Formulating the research problem and purpose
 Purpose of study
 PICO format
• -D, -S, or -T can be added.
 Dependent variable
 Independent variable
 Hypothesis
• Determining study methods
 Methodology
• Logistics or mechanics
 Research design
• Experimental or nonexperimental
 Sample
 Target population
 Pilot study
• Collecting research data
 Protocols
 Reliability
 Validity
• Analyzing data
 Descriptive statistics
 Measures of central tendency
 Measures of variability
 Inferential statistics
 Statistically significant finding
 Content analysis
• Communicating research findings
 Must be made public
 Publication in journals, conferences
 Small-scale projects
• Using research findings in practice
 Scientific validation
 Comparative analysis
 Cost–benefit analysis
 Research-Related Roles and Responsibilities for Nurses
• Research consumer
 Locating research literatures
• Most conducted through key terms
• CINAHL most comprehensive database
• Move toward open-access from fee based
 Critiquing research reports
• Reading and evaluating articles
• Allows nurse to determine whether findings are of sufficient quality
• Research team member
 Important in hospitals seeking magnet recognition status
 Working directly with clients can allow valuable contribution to research.
 Historical instances of failure to advocate for ethical treatment of clients in conduct of research
 Protecting the rights of study participants
• Right not to be harmed
• Right to full disclosure
• Right to self-determination
• Right to privacy
• Confidentiality