Im 1508131276

ESE-2018 PRELIMS TEST SERIES
Date: 15 October, 2017
ANSWERS
1. (d) 31. (b) 61. (a) 91. (c) 121. (b)

2. (b) 32. (a) 62. (c) 92. (d) 122. (c)
3. (a) 33. (b) 63. (c) 93. (c) 123. (b)
4. (c) 34. (b) 64. (b) 94. (c) 124. (a)
5. (d) 35. (b) 65. (a) 95. (b) 125. (b)
6. (d) 36. (c) 66. (b) 96. (a) 126. (b)
7. (d) 37. (d) 67. (d) 97. (a) 127. (c)
8. (c) 38. (b) 68. (b) 98. (d) 128. (a)
9. (b) 39. (c) 69. (a) 99. (c) 129. (a)
10. (b) 40. (a) 70. (d) 100. (b) 130. (b)
11. (c) 41. (d) 71. (c) 101. (b) 131. (c)
12. (b) 42. (c) 72. (d) 102. (a) 132. (b)
13. (b) 43. (c) 73. (c) 103. (d) 133. (c)
14. (b) 44. (d) 74. (b) 104. (d) 134. (b)
15. (c) 45. (b) 75. (c) 105. (c) 135. (c)
16. (c) 46. (d) 76. (c) 106. (c) 136. (c)
17. (c) 47. (d) 77. (b) 107. (b) 137. (c)
18. (c) 48. (d) 78. (c) 108. (b) 138. (b)
19. (c) 49. (b) 79. (a) 109. (b) 139. (a)
20. (d) 50. (b) 80. (a) 110. (c) 140. (b)
21. (c) 51. (a) 81. (c) 111. (d 141. (b)
22. (a) 52. (d) 82. (b) 112. (b) 142. (c)
23. (c) 53. (d) 83. (a) 113. (c) 143. (b)
24. (a) 54. (d) 84. (b) 114. (d) 144. (c)
25. (a) 55. (d) 85. (d) 115. (b) 145. (a)
26. (a) 56. (a) 86. (a) 116. (b) 146. (c)
27. (d) 57. (c) 87. (d) 117. (b) 147. (c)
28. (b) 58. (c) 88. (c) 118. (a) 148. (a)
29. (c) 59. (b) 89. (b) 119. (c) 149. (a)
30. (c) 60. (c) 90. (a) 120. (d) 150. (b)
(2) (Test - 4)-15 October 2017
1. (d) dx 2 (t) dx1  t  t 0 

 y2(t) = =
Method-1 dt dt
x[n] dx1(t  t 0 )
and y1  t  t0  =
dt
as y2(t) = y1(t–t0)
system is time invariant.
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 n To check linearity :
dx1(t) dx 2 (t)
y1(t) = and y2(t) =
dt dt
Let x3(t) be a linear combination of x1(t) and
 Fundamental period of x[n] is 2 x2(t)
Method-2 i.e. x3(t) = ax1(t) + bx2(t)
R
x[n] = (–1)n dx 3 (t) d
then y3(t) = = ax1(t)  bx 2 (t)
dt dt
x[n+T] = (–1)n+T = (–1)T.(–1)n
E
The minimum value of T for which dx1(t) dx (t)
= a b 2
dt dt
x[n] = x[n+T]
y3(t) = ay1(t) + by2(t)
2.
is,
(b)
T = 2
T System is linear.
As the system does not depends on future
S
Given, x[n] = f[n]*g[n] value so the system is causal system.
and g[n] = 2–n u[n] 4. (c)
A
from the definition of convolution, Since the system is linear

1 j2t S
x[n] =  f[k] g[n  k] x1(t) = e  e j2t    y1(t)
k  2
M
 1 j3t
=  f[n  k] g[k] = e  e  j3t 
k  2
as f[n] is causal, f[n] = 0 for n < 0  S
x1(t) = cos2t   y1  t   cos3t

  3 and   0
S
 x[n] =  f[k] g[n  k] 

k 0

5. (d)
=  f[n  k] g[k]
IE
k 0 Since the system is causal,


y[n] = 0 for n < 1
=  f[n  k] 2 k 1
k 0
y[1] = y  0  x 1 = 0 + 1 = 1
4
x[0] = f[0].2–0+f[–1]2–1+f[–2]2–2 + ...
1 1 1
x[0] = f[0] + 0 + 0 y[2] = y 1  x 2 = .1  0 
4 4 4
 f[0] = 1 1 1 1 1
y[3] = y  2   x 3  = .  0  2
x[1] = f[1]2–0 + f[0].2–1+0+0+... 4 4 4 4
0.5 = f[1] + 1 × 2–1 Therefore,
n 1
 f[1] = 0  1
y[n] =  
3. (a) 4
1
dx1(t) y[4] = 3  0.0156
y1(t) = 4
dt 6. (d)
x2(t) = x1(t–t0)
V1(t) = 1–e–3t
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(Test - 04)-15 October 2017 (3)
1 1  3 t(t2–9)  0
 V1(s) =    = s
s s3 s  3  t(t–3) (t+3)  0
System function, –Ve +Ve –Ve +Ve
V1  s  3 s s  3 3 –3 0 3
T(s) = = =
U  s 1s s3 f(t)
3  s3
Now input is R(s) =   1 =
s  s
 Response = T(s) . R(s) –3 0 3 t
s3 3 3
=  =
s s3 s
1 From the definition of Laplace transform,
 Response in time domain = L 3 s

R
= 3u(t)  st
F(s) = e f  t  dt
7. (d) 
0 
Since x(t) is real, the poles of X(s) must occur
E
=  e st dt  e st dt

in conjugate pair
3 3
 s1 = –1+j and s2 = –1–j 0 
e st    est 
T
A A =   
 X(s) = = s  3  s 3
 s  1  j  s  1  j   s  12  1
1 1
X(0) = 8
S = 
s
1  e3s   0  e 3s 
s
A e3s e3s 1
 = 8
A
=  
1 1 s s s
 A = 16 10. (b)
M
16
 X(s) = 2 s  2 4 2
 s  12  1 X(s) = 2 = 
s  7s  12 s4 s3
8. (c)
Taking the inverse Laplace transform,
Taking the Laplace transforms of both sides of x(t) = 4e–4t u(t) – 2e–3t u(t)
the two differential equations
S
11. (c)
sX(s) = –2 Y(s) +1 and sY(s) = 2X(s)
We know
2X  s 
IE

 sX(s) = 2 1
s X( j) =  x(t) e – j t dt
–
 4
  s   X  s = 1 By putting the value of x(t), we get
 s

s –2t
e – j  t u(t – 3) dt
 X(s) = 2 X( j) = e
s 4 –
From initial value theorem 

– ( j   2)t
X( j) = e u(t – 3) dt
s2 –
x(0) = lim sX  s  = lim
s  s  s2  4
Since u(t – 3) = 1 for 1 for t  3, so
1
= lim 1 
s  1  4 s2 – ( j   2)t
 X( j) = e dt
9. (b) 3

f(t) = u(t(t2–9)) 1
 X( j) = – e – ( j   2) t
The value of f(t) will be 1 if (2  j) 3
(4) (Test - 4)-15 October 2017
e 3  2 j y(t) =   t  2     t  2 
X  j  =
2  j y(t) =   t  2     t  2 
12. (b)
taking fourier transform of y(t), we get
Using parsavals energy theorem
2j
 
Y(j) = e  e  j2
2 1 2
E =  | x (t) | dt 
2  | X( j) | d
=  e
 j2 
 e  j2 
– –
 
= 2j sin 2 
  | X( j) |2 d = 2 2
–
 | x (t) | dt 15. (c)
–
from given graph of x(t), putting the value x (t) X(j)

according to limits we get
Non periodic Continuous

2 Odd + Real Odd + imaginary
 | X( j) | d =
R
–
Continous Non periodic
0 1 2 3 
2   1 dt   (–t  2)2 dt   (t)2 dt   1  dt  16. (c)
E
 –1 0  2  The impulse term also exist due to dc or
on solving, we get average value that results from integration.

–
 | X(j) |2 d = 2  13  26  = 81.68
17.
T (c)
 FT
x(t)   x(j)
S
13. (b)
if the signal x(t) has a Nyquist rate of 0 ,
We know then its fouries transform x (j) = 0 for
A

0
X(j) =  x(t) e– j  t dt || 
2 .
–
Given
M
Put  = 0 both side

FT
 y(t) = x(t) cos 0 t   y (j)
X(j0) =  x(t) dt
1 1
–  X  j( – 0 )  X {j(   0 )}
2 2

thus, we can guarantee that y (j) = 0 for
S
from given signal  x(t) dt is area of the given

– 0
|  |  0 
signal 2 therefore nyquist rate
IE
0 2
 1 1 2 |  | = 20  0  30  n 0  n  3
X(j0) =   2  (– t) dt   2 t dt
2 0 18. (c)
0 2
1  –t 2  1
2 Given
=    t
2 2 2
 –2  2 0 X(j) = ()  (  )  (  5)
1 4 1 Taking inverse Fourier transform


=
2 0  2   22  4 1 1 j t 1 j5t
  x(t) =  e  e
2 2  2
1
= 2 4 Signal x(t) has two complex exponentials whose
2 4
2
= 1 + 1 = 2 fundametnal frequencies are red/sec. and
5
14. (b) 2 rad/sec. These two complex exponentials
Given: are not harmonically related. So signal x(t) is
not periodic.
d
y(t) = u(2  t)  u(t  2) Consider
dt
by differentiate we get y(t) = x(t) * h(t)
(Test - 04)-15 October 2017 (5)
Y(j) = X(j)H(j) For Img(X(j))  0 , the signal must be real

and even.
h(t) = u(t)  u(t  2)
21. (c)
Let h’(t) h(t) = h’(t – 1)
s2
H(s) = 2


h(t) 
 H( j) =2Sa () s  7s  12
 j 2sin  2 1
H(j) = e j 2Sa() = e H(s) = –
 s4 s3
2sin   1
Y( j) =  ()  (  )  (  5) e j 
I.L.T.
  e– 4t u(t); Re{s}  – 4
   s4
1 I.L.T.
Since when   k  then H(j) = 0   – e–3t u(–t); Re {s}  – 3
s3
if k = 1 then w =  , H(j)  0 H(t) =2e–4t u(t) + e–3t u(–t)
R
Y(j) = [()  ( 5)] 22. (a)
1 1 j5t y(t) = [1 – e–  t • cos (n t)] u(t)] when u(t)
 e
E
y(t) =
2 2
d y (t)
for impuse response y(t) will be
 y(t) is a complex exponetial summed with dt
T
a constant and y(t) is periodic
d d y(t)
19. (c) y(t) = (• step response) = ,
dt dt
Given y(t) = x(2t + 3)
S on differentiating y(t) wrt time we get
= x[2(t + 3/2)]
y(t) =  e– t cos(n t)  n e– t sin(n t) u(t)
A
Let t + 3/2 = t 
y(t) = x(2t ) y (t  0) = 

23. (c)
M
Using Fourier transform both side

Since we know
1  j 
Y(j) = X …(1) L.T. 1
2  2  e–t u(t+1) 
s 1
Re {s}  – 1
If x(t ) = x(t + 3/2) using time shifting property of Laplace transform
S
X(j) = X(j) e j3/2 …(2) L.T. es

e– (t + 1) u (t)  Re {s}  – 1
s 1
IE
3
1 j
2
So, Y(j) = X ( j  / 2 )e so h (t) = e– (t + 1) u (t + 1)
2
(from eqn. (1) and (2) For causality
20. (d) h(t) = 0 for t<0
For exist a real  such that e j X(j) is but from h(t)  0 for –1 < t < 0
real, we require x(t   ) be a real and even so system is not causal.
signal 24. (a)
1 Given
X( j)e jt d()
2 
x(t) =
2
y(t) = e – t  (2 t – 1)
At t = 0
2
–t
1 y(t) = e  {2(t – 0.5)} ...(1)
X( j)d  0
2 
x(0) = 1
  {a(t – t1 )} = {(t – t1 )} ...(2)
if signal x(t) is periodic then X(j) will be |a|
periodic Using the property from eqn (2) and apply to
eqn (1)
(6) (Test - 4)-15 October 2017
2 1
e– t   1   X( j) =
 y(t) =  t –   (4  j)
2   2 
taking in verse fourier transform we get
x (t)  (t – t1) = x (t1)  (t – t1) x(t) = e– 4 t · U(t)
2
at t = 0.25
e –(.5) x (0.25) = e– 4(0.25) u(0.25)= e–1 · 1 = e–1 = 0.3678
 y(t) =
2
  t – 0.5
27. (d)
–(.5)2
e Let
 y(1) =  .5 
2
 1–n
; t0   n  0
|n| –n n
 (t) =   1   3   1  1
0; t0 x1[n] =     n    u[–n –1]    u[n]
 3   1 3  3
 y(t) = 0  3  n  0
 
25. (a)
R
So from given x[n] putting the value of x 1[n],
We know we get
If x(t) * h(t) = y(t) –n n n
E
 1  1  1
1 x[n] =   u[–n – 1]    u[n] –   u[n]
then x (at) * h(at) = y (at) 3 3
  2
a
n –1
Put a = 3
x (3 t) * h (3 t) =
1
3
y(3t)  g(t)  A y(Bt) on
T 
 1

n
 1
  3  u[– n – 1]  ROC1 | z |   3 
  
S
 1 1
comparing and   u[ n]  ROC2 | z | 
3 3
1
A = n
A
3  1 1
and   u[ n]  ROC3 | z | 
B = 3  2 2
 A + B = 3.33 ROC of x[n]  ROC1  ROC2  ROC3
M
26. (a)
1
 |z|3
2
x(t) h (t) y(t)
28. (b)
 y(t) = h(t) * x(t) By putting value of n, h[n] is can be drawn as
S
5
taking fourier transform both side 4 2
3
2
Y ( j) = H( j)  X( j) 2
IE
h[n]
4
Y( j)
= H( j)
X( j)
Y( j) 2 3 4 5
or X( j) = ...(1)
H( j) Since h[n] is not an energy signal so it is not
Taking fourier transform of given signal y(t) is absolutly summable signal so it is unstable.
1 1 If h[n] = 0; n < 0 then system will be causal
Y ( j) = –
3  j 4  j if n < 2 then h[n] = 0 so if n < 0 then also h[n]
1 = 0  system is causal.
 Y ( j) = ...(2)
3  j 4  j 29. (c)
1 
given H( j) = ...(3) –st
(j  3) Sincex(s) =  x (t)e dt
0
By putting the value of Y ( j) and H( j) from (for uniletral laplace transform)
eqn (2) and (3) to eqn (1) putting the value of x(t)
(Test - 04)-15 October 2017 (7)

–a(t  1) 1  e (2)
x(s) = e u(t  1) e –st dt =
0
4
 = 0.2161
–a
x(s) = e e–at e –st dt 32. (a)
0
 Since we know
–a –(s  a) t
x(s) = e e dt A 0
0 k
e–a A 0 Sa(kt) 



x (s)  –k k 
s a
A 0
30. (c) sin(kt) k
A0 



At s = 0 kt
–k k 
0 k = 1
H(s) = 0
R
1
A 0
At s =  sin(t)


A0 

t
1 
E
–1 1 
H(s) = 2
 0
()  1
A0 
H(s) 
T
Let
  sin t  
S y1(t) = x1(t)  
 t 
 

s=0 0 s=
 H(s) represent a band pass filter. 1
A
31. (b)  X1(j)  Y1(j) …(1)
–1 1 
For given signal, it is clear that since
M
 1
2 2 x1(t)  y1(t)   2 X1(j) * Y1(j)
T = 2   
T 2
from eqn. (1)
Since we know
2
1  sin t  
 1
1
x(t)e jk0t  t  
x[k] = T dt 2
S
0
 
1 1
(by putting the value of T and 0 )
*
IE
1
1 t  j(kt) –1 1 –1 1
= 2 e e dt Let
0
1 1
1 (1 jk)tdt
 e
2 0
2 
 sin t  

x’(t) =   
 t  
1  e1[1kj] –2 2
 x[k] = = x ( j  ) …(2)
2(1  kj)
by putting  x (t) 


 X'( j)
1 dX( j)
k = j t x (t) 

 j
d
from eqn. (2)
 
11 
1 1 e   
x  = 2
 j  2(2)  sin t  

d(X(j))
t  
j
 t  d
(8) (Test - 4)-15 October 2017
x(j)
34. (b)
4 sin2 
j/2 X(j) =
2 2 2
 sin t  
 
t   –2 2sin F.T 1 | t | 1
 t  Let S(j) =  s(t)  
–j/2  0 otherwise
s(t) 1
 j / 2 2    0

X( j)   j / 2 0  w  2
 0 otherwise
 –1 1 t
33. (b) So, X(j) = S(j)  S(j)
g(t) = x(t) cos t
Taking inverse Fourier transform both side
Let w(t) = cos t
 x(t) = s(t) * s(t)
g(t) = x(t)w(t)
R
Taking Fourier transform both side 2×1×1
2 | t | t  2
1 x(t) = = 
E
 G( j) = (X( j) * W( j) 0 otherwise
2
F.T –2 2

w(t) = cos t  W( j)  [(   1)  (   1)]
G( j) =
1
2
( )  X[j(   1)  X  j(   1) 35.
T (b)
x(t)|t = 1 = 2 – 1 = 1
S
Since the Fourier series coefficents repeat
1 1
G( j) = X[j(  1)]  Xj (  1) every N, we have
2 2
a1 = a15, a2 = a16 and a3 = a17
A
Given
Further more, since the signal is real and odd,
1 the Fourier series coefficients ak will be purely
M
G( j) imaginary and odd. Therefore, a0 = 0


–2 2 and
  a1 = –a–1
H(j) a2 = –a–2

S
–1 1 a3 = –a–3
X(j) interval will be (–1 to 1) because G(j) Finally a–1 = –j
is (–2 to 2)
a–2 = –2j
IE
2 a–3 = –3j
So, X(j) So, a0 + a–1 + a–2 + a–3 = – 6j

–1 0 1  j(a0 + a–1 + a2 + a–3) = j(–6j) = 6
F.T
2 sin t 36. (c)
X(j)   x(t) =
t
For any signal to be real its Fourier series
A0/k coefficient should be conjugate symmetric
F.T
A 0 Sa(kt)  x1(t) : a1k = cos(k) …(1)

–k k
A0 a1k* = cosk
k = 1 ;  A0  2
k
2 a1(–k*) = cos(k)  cosk …(2)
A0 =
 So, x1(t) is real valued signal
2 Since a1k = a1(–k) then x1(t) is even signal
Sa(t)  x(t)

(Test - 04)-15 October 2017 (9)
 k  x(jf)
x2(t) : a2k = jsin  
 2
 (k) 
a2(–k) = ( j)sin  
 2 
f(kHz)
 k  –2 2
= jsin   xs(jf)
 2
*
a2 (–k) = a2k
 x2(t) is real valued signal

but a2k = –a2(–k) –6 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 f(kHz)
x 0(jf)
 x2(t) is odd signal
37. (d)
Given sampling time period
R
Ts = 50 sec. –2 –1 1 2 f(kHz)
39. (c)
E
So sampling frequency ts will be
m(t) = m1(t) * m2(t)
1 1
 f =   20 kHz
s Ts 50  106 taking Fourier transform both side
T
Since m(t) = 100cos(2 103 t)  100 cos(m t) S M(j  ) = m1(j 1 ) . m2(j 2 )
then loest f requency component f rom
 m = 24   103 rad / sec.
(1 & 2 ) will present in m(j  ) as a highest
[ m = frequency of band limited signal] freqency component
A
Frequency component present after sampling m(t) = m1(t) . m2(t)
f0 = nFs ± f m (n integer) taking fourier transform both side
when n = 0
M
1
f0 = 12 kHz M(j  ) = M1( j1  * M2 ( j2 )
2
when n = 1
then highest frequency component will be
f 0 = 20 ± 12 = 32 kHz, 8 kHz 1  2
f c = 15 kHz (cut off frequency of LPF) m(t) = m1(t) + m2(t)
S
So frequency component present in the range

M(j  ) = M1(j 1 ) + M2(j 2 )
of 15 kHz will pass through LPF then
IE
(f 0)LPF = 8 KHz and 12 KHz. Max (1, 2 ) will be present as highest

frequency component in M(j  )
38. (b)
Given band limited signal frequency So x1(t) = 1  cos(2000t)  1  cos(1,t)
m = 4 k Rad/sec.
Nyquist rate n = 21 = 2  2000
 f m = 2 kHz(frequency of given signal x(t))
sampling frequency = 4000  rad / sec.
f s = 3kHz
sin(4000t) sin(2 t)
 f s = 2 f m for complete recovery x2(t) =   4000
t 2 t
 2f m = 4kHz for complete recovery of
signal f s = 4kHz but given 3kHz 2 = 4000
so sampling is under sampling due to this
n = 22 = 8000 rad/sec.
reconstruction will not be proper
xs(jf) x3(t) = 2sin(4000t)  cos(3000 t)
x(jf) Sampler LPF x0(jf)
3 = 4000 , 3 = 3000
fm = 2kHz fs = 3kHz fc = 2kHz
(10) (Test - 4)-15 October 2017
if the ROC of the Laplace transform does not
 
n = 2 3  3  2  4000  3000  
include the j axis then the fouries transform
= 14000 rad / sec. does not converge.
43. (c)
x4(t) = sin(4000t) * cos(3000 t)
Characteristic eqn (s + 1) (s – 2) = 0
= sin (4 t) * cos (4 t)  Pole location = –1, 2
 4 = 4000, 4  3000 For stable system ROC should include j
axis
= n = 2[min(4 , 4 )] j
= 2min  4000, 3000 
= 2  3000
= 6000 rad / sec.

–1 1 2
R
40. (a)
Since we know
E
x(t) 2
     Using partial fraction
A0  sin  2  
F.T
A0      A B
– 
t
    
  2  
 
T H(s) = 
(a  1) (s  2)
...(1)
S
s –1
on putting   1& A 0  1 Given H(s) = ...(2)
(s  1) (s – 2)
2
from (1) and (2) eqn
A
  
 sin  2  
X(j)      A = 23
  
M
  2  
  and B =  13
41. (d)
2 1 1 1
H1– It is causal because the output does not H(s) = 3 s  1  3  (s – 2)
appear before the input.
So corresponding h(t)
S
H2– It is non causal because the output

h(t) = 2 3 e u (t) – 1 3 e u(– t)
appears at t = 0, one time unit before the –t 2t
belayed input at t = +1.

IE
42. (c) h(0) = 2 3  1 3  1 3

4 –t 1 44. (d)
x(t) =  (t) –e u(t)  e2t u (t)
3 3
y(t) = x(t) * h(t)
Taking laplace transform of x(t), we get

x(s)= 1 
4 1

1 1
Re(s) = ROC >2
or y(t) =  h ( ) x (t  ) d
3 (s  1) 3 (s – 2) –

On simplifying H(s), we get = Integration
 .....
–
(s – 1)2
x(s) = ROC  2 x (t – ) = time shifting
(s  1)(s – 2)
h ( )  x (t – ) = multiplication
img
45. (b)
For existance of laplace transform

–1 +1 Real
+2 F(s) = |F(t) e–  t|dt  0
0
(Test - 04)-15 October 2017 (11)
By putting the value of F(t) no common ROC exist so z-transform of x[n]


does not exist.
2t
F(s) = |e e–  t|dt  0 49. (b)
0

x[n] by putting the value of n
(2 –  )
F(s) = |e |dt  0 1
0
if 2 –  > 0 then power of e will be positive
0 1 2 3 4 5 n
so F(s) will be exponential rising this is not
x[n – 1] shifting right side by ‘1’
possible.
So 2 –  < 0,  > 2 exist 1
46. (d)
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 n
x(t)
g[n] = x[n] – x[n – 1]
m2 = 1
R
1
2
m2 = –1 6
m=1 t 0 n
4
E
–2 –1 1 2 m3 = 1 –1
By taking z-transform of g[n]
3
T
g[n] = [n] – [h – 6]  g(z)  1 – z– 6 |z| 0
x(t) = r(t + 2) – r(t + 1) – r(t – 1) + r(t – 2)
50. (b)
m, m1, m2, m3 are decrement or increment in
the slope value of the signal from its previour
S For uniletral z transform
value if m is positive then slope is increasing 
& m is negative then slope is decreasing. x(z) =  x[n]z – n
A
n0
47. (d) Putting the value of x[n]
1 
Since |z| signal is left handed side so
M
2 x(z) =  an  1  u[n  1] z – n
using long division by arranging the power of n0
z in assending form 
2 2
So x(z) = a  an z – n , n  0
1 – 3z + 2z z z + 3z .... n 0
2 3
z – 3z + 2z
 u[n  1]  1 for n  0
S
2 3
3z – 2z
2
3z – 9z + 6z
3 4
So
3 4
IE
7z – 6z  2  a 0  a 1 
x(z) = z + 3z2 +...(1) x(z) = a  a
z   a       ...
z z
n0   
x[z] will be coefficient of in x(z) z2
So from eqn (1) a
x(z) =
x[–2] = 3 coefficient of z2 in x(z) 1–a
z
48. (d)
 r[n] = n u[n] Provided a z   1
1 ; n0
 |z| > (a)
x[n] = 2n u[n] =  n 51. (a)
2 ; n0
In core type transformer, the windings surround
 x[n] = u[–n – 1] + 2n u[n]
the considerable part of steel core but in shell
 u[–n – 1]  ROC1 |z| < 0 type transformer, the steel core surrounds a
and 2n u[n]  ROC2 |z| > 2 major part of the windings. So, for a given
output and voltage rating, core type transformer
so ROC of x[n] is
requires less iron but more conductor material
ROC1  ROC2 as compared to a shell-type transformer.
(12) (Test - 4)-15 October 2017
52. (d) i.e. no-load current lags the applied voltage by

Given X13 = 0.12 pu 60°.
X12 = 0.09 pu i.e., 0 = 60° (lagging)
 Core-loss component current,

X23 = 0.05 pu
2
 w = 0 cos 0 =  cos 60
 pu reactance of hv winding, 2
1 2 1
(X12  X13  X23 )  = 0.7076
=
X1 = 2 2
2
1 and, magnetising current,
= (0.09  0.012  0.05)
2 2
1 m = 0 sin 0 =  sin 60
=  0.16 = 0.08 pu 2
2
 pu reactance of mV winding, 2 3
= 
R
2 2
1
X2 = (X23  X12  X13 )
2 = 1.5 = 1.22 A
E
1 V1
= (0.05  0.09  0.12)
2
60° I'0
T
1 Iw
= (0.02) = 0.01 pu
2

pu reactance of lv winding Im
S
1 55. (d)
X3 = (X13  X23  X12 )
2 Eddy current loss per unit volume of the
A
1 material.
= (0.12  0.05  0.09)
2 Peddy = Ke f 2 Bmax
2
2
M
1
= (0.08) = 0.04 pu Where, Ke is eddy current loss coefficient
2
f is frequency of applied voltage
53. (d)
 is thickness of lamination.
Given transformer is delta-star,
I1 I2 Also, Peddy =  2eddy R
S
V2 V2
= =
IE
R   l 
 
 a
Since,
i.e., eddy current loss decreases with increase
N1 2Ph in resistivity of the core meterial.
=
N2 1Ph
56. (a)
3 150 57. (c)
 = 
2 1Ph
Excitation current,  e leads flux m by some
2  150 time angle which depends upon the hysteresis
 1Ph = = 100 A
3 loop of the core material. This angle is called
So, line current in primary = 100 3 = 173.2 A “hysteretic angle” represented as ‘  ’.
+E1
54. (d)
Given,
Ie
i0 = 2 sin(628t – 60°) A

V1 = 100 2 sin(628t) V m
(Test - 04)-15 October 2017 (13)
58. (c) 61. (a)
The tertiary winding in a 3  transformer can Since, eddy-current loss,

be used: Pe = K e f22B2 = K e (sf )2 B2 = K e s2 f 2B2 ;
(i) To supply an additional small load at a
where f 2 = sf = rotor frequency
different voltage. Then, tertiary winding is
called “Auxiliary winding”. So, torque developed due to eddy current
(ii) To indicate voltage in a hV testing  K ·f 2B 2 
Pe
transformer. Te =   e s
ss  s 
(iii) To supply phase compensating devices
such as capacitor required for power factor ie. Te  (slip)
correction. 62. (c)
(iv) In star/star transf ormers, a delta In a (V/f) control of induction motor, for speed
connected tertiary winding reduces the
below base speed, V/f is kept constant so
zero-phase sequence impedance and
that the maximum torque remain constant and
R
allows adequate earth fault current to flow
for operation of protective device in order motor can drive a constant torque.
to limit the voltage imbalance which may For speed higher than base speed, voltage
E
be produced when the load is unbalanced. needed is more than the rated voltage to keep
59. (b) (V/f) constant. But voltage above rated voltage
is not possible, so (V/f) in this speed region is
Due to increase or decrease in loading of
T
allowed to reduce and motor torque reduces
transformer, oil in the transformer gets heated
proportional to (V/f)2. In this region of speed
and cooled respectively, which leads to
control, the motor can drive constant power
expansion and contraction of oil. When oil
expands air is expelled out while if it contracts
S load.
air is drawn in from the atmosphere. This is 63. (c)
A
called breathing of transformer. To prevent the The per phase rotor current,
moist air entering into tank breather is used.
Breather contains a dehydrating material like sE 2 E2
I2 = = r
M
silica gel crystal which is blue when dry and r2  jsX2 2

 jX2
becomes whitish pink when damp. s
jX 2 R2 jX 2
60. (c)
At maximum efficiency, copper loss is equal I2 r2 1 
E2 s

E2 r2   s 
to core-loss. s 
S
i.e., x 2 Pcufl = Pi
64. (b)
IE
P2 The rotor equivalent circuit is,

1080
 x = Pcufl = 1920
r2 X2
3
= = 0.75 1 
4 E2 r2   1 
s 
i.e., maximum efficiency will occur at 75% of
full-load.
 Max. efficiency,, According to maximum power transfer theorem,
(x  s  pf ) the maximum power will be developed when,
max = (xs  pf )  losses
1 
(0.75 100  103  0.8)
r2   1 = r22  X22
s 
=
(0.75  100  103  0.8)  2  1080 r2 (1  s)
 = r22  X22
60000 s
= = 0.9652
60000  2160 65. (a)
i.e., = 96.52%
Skewing in induction motor:
(14) (Test - 4)-15 October 2017
1. It is used for squirrel cage induction motor. 69. (a)
2. It reduces motor noise and vibration. 120f
Synchoronous speed Ns 
3. It increases the starting torque. P
4. It reduces the starting current. 120  50

5. It increases the rotor resistance due to 4
increase in length of rotor bars.  1500 rpm
66. (b) Ns  N
Slip at full-load, S 
Synchronous speed, Ns
120f 120  50
Ns =  = 250 rpm 1500  1440 60
P 24  S   0.04
1500 1500
So, slip at full-load torque,
Hence, the frequency of rotor current
N N 250  240 10
sfl = s = 
R
N 250 250 fr  sfs  0.04  50  22Hz
Also, slip at maximum torque, 70. (d)
R2 Rotating magnetic flux produced by three
E
sm =
X2 phase currents of a blanced supply system
has :
0.02 2
 3

Now,
Tfl
sm =
=
2
0.27 27
T (i) Magnitude at every instant is

(ii) Speed of rotation = Ns
2
m
S
Tmax sfl sm (iii) Direction of rotation is some as the phase

sm s fl sequence of the supply.
71. (c)
2
A
= When the motor is started directly online,
 1 27   2 
    25  V
 25 2   27  Isc Phase   200A
Zsc
M
Tmax
 = 1.196 A
Tfl
v
67. (d) zsc
B
Slip of the induction machines for different
modes of operation.
S
C
Generating 1  s  0
Motoring 0  s1 Now, motor is started with star-delta starter.
IE
Braking 1 s  2 A
68. (b) zsc
v v/3
For 3  induction motor,,
B
Pair.gap : Pcu : Po/p :: 1: S : (1  s)
C
Given, Po/p  20kw
s  0.04 (V / 3)
Now, Isc Phase  (Isc )Line 
1 Zsc
So, Pair  gap   Po/p
(1  s) 1 V 1
 .  200
1 z
3 sc 3
  20
1  0.04 = 115.47A
1
  20 72. (d)
0.96
When a 3-phase winding carrying sinusoidal
 20.8 kw current, develops space harmonics of the order
(Test - 04)-15 October 2017 (15)
n = 6k  1; where k = 1, 2, 3 ..... 78. (c)

P
The space harmonic waves rotate in the same Total armature current, Ia 
V
direction as of fundamental wave if n = 6k  1
3
i.e., n = 7th harmonic and in opposite direction 25  10
 Ia   100A
if n = 6k –1 eg. n = 5th harmonic. 250
Hence, there is dip in Torque-speed In a wave wounded dc machine always two
characteristics near (1/7) and (1/5) of the parallel path exists. i.e. A = 2
synchronous speed. But the dip near (1/7) of Hence, the current in each parallel path
synchronous is more dominant.
Ia 100
73. (c) =   50A
A 2
3 induction motor will have stable operation if 79. (a)
it operates on point P and S. Since, increase Given, armature resistance = 0.05 
in torque at this point results into decrease in
R
Let resistance of each conductor = r
speed and vice versa.
Since, machines is wave wounded, so, no. of
74. (b)
parallel path = 2
E
Total flux, total = flux per pole × No. of poles
200
=
= P 2
T
Now, Total = Bar A. = 100 [  wave wound, A=]
total P Resistance of each parallel path = 100 × r
 Bar =
A
=
D  L
S 100  r
0.06  4 So, Equivalent armature resistance =
= 2
  0.3  02
A
100  r
i.e.  0.05
4 2
= = 1.27

2  0.05 0.1
M
 r   0.001
75. (c) 100 100
76. (c)  r  1m 
For production of steady electromagnetic
80. (a)
torque, the necessary condition is that number
of stator poles and number of rotor poles must For dc motor,
S
be same, but the sufficient condition is the

V = Eb  IaRa
relative speed between stator field and rotor.
Fied must be zero.
IE
2
 VIa  Eb .Ia  IaRa
77. (b)
2
There are three methods of speed control of  VIa  P  IaRa
dc motors :
2
1. Armature resistance control  P  VIa  I2Ra
2. Field flux control, and
dP
3. Armature voltage control For maximum power, 0
dIa
Word-leonard method of speed control is
basically armature voltage control. In this  V  2IaRa  0
method one seperately excited dc generator
is used addition to the main motor whose  IaRa  V / 2
speed is to be controlled.
So, V  Eb  IaRa
By changing the field current of generator the
generator voltage is changed. This voltage is V
applied across the armature of main motor  V  Eb 
2
and hence changes its speed.
(16) (Test - 4)-15 October 2017
interpolar or quadrature axis, even though the
V
 Eb  armature rotates.
2
86. (a)
Eb 1 Armature reaction mmf wave is
   0.5
V 2 - triangular in shape
81. (c) - Stationary relative to the brushes
for dc motor, 87. (d)
V = Eb  IaRa The unequal valves of emfs generated in different
parallel paths give rise to resultant emfs which
 Eb  V  IaRa acts across the armature windings. These emfs
acting across the local armature circuits
 415  30  0.5 produce large circulating currents as the
= 400 V armature resistance is very small. These
currents flowring through commulator and
Power 2
R
Now, Torque = brushes give rise to I R looses in the winding
Speed and brushes and also introduce commulation
P difficulties, causing overheating and sparking.
E
T = w 88. (c)
m
Eb .Ia 400  30 Total armature reaction

 T 
2ns  200 
2  
 60 

T = (current in each conductor) ×

(Total no. of conductor)
S
400  30  60 Ia
 = Z
2  1200 A
A
= 95.5 N.m. 64
=  1200 [  Lap winding, A = P]
82. (b) 8
Four quadrant operation of dc driver :- So, armature reaction per pole
M
speed 64
 1200
8
Forward Forward =
P
braking Motoring
II I 64 1200
= 
S
III IV Torque 8 8
Reverse Reverse = 1200 AT (peak to peak)
motoring braking
IE
1
i.e. Armature reaction per pole   1200
2
83. (a)
= 600 AT peak
84. (b)
and, armature reaction waveform in dc machine
Induced emf,
   is triangular is nature.
e  (V  B).l 89. (b)

where vector l points along the direction of 90. (a)
the wire towards the end making the smallest For constant power output,
 
angle with the respect to the vector (V  B) . Ef sin  = constant
The voltage is the wire will be built up so that
the positive end is in the direction of the vector Ia cos  = constant
 
(V  B) . Since V = E f  jIa X s
85. (d) so, when field current increases, the magnitude

In the dc machine, the armature mmf is always of Ef increases, but E f normal to V i.e. Ef
stationary is space and is directed along the sin  to be remain constant. It is possible
(Test - 04)-15 October 2017 (17)
only when armature current varies such that Ia 94. (c)
cos  remain constant.
Sm  E1I0  200  5  1000VA
Increase in E f will lead to increase in Ia and
Iron loss = 600W
hence decreases power factor.
Reactive power absorbed
91. (c)
In synchronous motor, V-curve is plotted
(Qm) = 1000 2   600 2 = 800 Var
between armature current, Ia and field current
E12 2002
If, and inverted V-curve is plotted between Magnetizing reactance =   800  50 
power factor, cos  and field current, If at m
constant load. 95. (b)

  t  = 0.45t Wb  0  t  0.02 
Armature
current d
Ia Full load ers = N rs  100  0.45  45V
dt
Half load
R
ers = 0 0.06  t  0.1
ers = –45V  0.15  t  0.12
E
96. (a)
At position 1 and 5, flux is maximum, but rate
T
field current, If of change of flux is minimum. Voltage is
Fig. 1: V-Curve proportional to rate of change of flux, so it is
zero.
S d  d 
power V  
df as dt  0 
A
factor
V = 0
Half Full 97. (a)
M
load load
Mechanical Electrical Electrical
loading pf loading system (force-voltage) (force-current)
pf
1. Force Voltage Current
field current, If
2. Mass Inductance Capacitance
S
Fig. 2: inverted V-Curve 1

3. Damper Resistance Resistance
92. (d) 1 1
4. Spring Capacitance Inductance
IE
Terminal voltage,
5. Displacement Charge Magnetic flux
V = E a  jX ar Ia  jX a Ia  R aIa linkage
= Ea  IaRa  j I a  Xar  Xa  98. (d)
= Ea  I a Zs 
F(s) = . FVT not applicable as poles
where, s 2  2
Z s = Ra + j(Xar + Xa), called synchronous at  j.
impedance However f(t) = L–1 [FCS] = sin t
Ra = armature resistance
Xar = equivalent armature reaction reactance
Xa = armature leakage reactance. t
93. (c)
Regardless of the number of poles on the
machine, a full-pitch coil has always 180° No well defined final value
electrical degrees coil span.
(18) (Test - 4)-15 October 2017
99. (c) 103. (d)
lim f  t   lim sF  t  g(t) = e–3t, r(t) = e–4t
x 0 s 
1
For applying initial value theorem following two G(s) = L (e–3t) =
s3
conditions must be satisfied
1
df R(s) = L (r(t)) = L (e–4t) =
1. Laplace transform of f(t) and must s4
dt
exist. C(s) = G(s) R(s)
2. For F(s) numerator power must be less 1 1 1

=  
than that of denominator. (s  3) (s  4) s  3 s  4
s 1 C(t) = L–1 [C(s)] = e–3t – e–4t
Given F (s) 
s2 C(t) = e–3t – e–4t
In this second condition is not satisfied. So 104. (d)
IVT not applicable.
R
• Transfer function can be defined for linear
100. (b)
system only. for non-linear system tools
A B C like state space representation may be
E
F(s) =  
(s  1)2
(s  1) S  3 used.
 s  1 • Transfer function is a property of the

2
A = (s  1) F(s) s 1  
T
 system which doesn’t depends upon the
 s  3  s 1 2
input
d  2 s  105. (c)
B =  ds  (s  1) (s  1)2 (s  3) 
S
   s 1 Taking laplace transform of the equation
d s  3 s3Y(s) + 3 s2 Y(s) + 2 s Y(s) + Y(s)
=  
A

 ds s  3  s 1 4
= s2 × (s) + 2s × (s) + 3 × (s)
 s  3
C = (s  3) F(s)s3   (s  1)2   Y (s) s2  2s  3
M
  s3 4 =
X(s) s3  3s2  2s  1
1 1 3 1 3 1 Transfer function
F(s) =      
2 (s  1)2 4 s  1 4 s  3
Y (s) s2  2s  3
Laplace inverse G(s) =  3
X (s) (s  3s2  2s  1)
S
1 e  t 3  t 3 3t 106. (c)

f(t) =  t  e  e
2 4 4
Transfer function = Laplace transform of
101. (b)
IE
impulse response
According to FVT g(t) = e–t (1 – cos 3t) = e–t – e–t cos 3t
s2 G(s) = L [g(t)] = L [e–t – e–t cos 3t ]
f () = lim sF  t   lim 0
s 0 s 0 s2  3s  2 1 (s  1)
= (s  1) 
102. (a) (s  1)2  (3)2
C (s) 1 (s  1)
G(s) = =  2
R (s) (s  1) s  2s  1  9
C (s) = R(s)  G(s)
s2  2s  10  s2  2s  1
=
Consider impulse input (t) (s  1) (s2  2s  10)
r(t) = (t) 9
= 2
(s  1) (s  2s  10)
L [r(t)] = 1 = R(s)
107. (b)
For impulse input R(s) = 1
C (s) A (s)
C(s) = G(s) a  R (s)  1  B (s) A (s)
(Test - 04)-15 October 2017 (19)
b  R (s) A (s) + R (s) B(s) = C (s) V2  s  1

 = 
C (s) V1  s  RCs
 R (s) = A(s) + B(s)
111. (d)
c  R (s) A(s) – C(s) B(s) = C(s)
Closed loop gain for positive feedback
C (s) A (s) G  s
= =
R (s) 1  B (s) 1  G sH s
C (s) A (s)  1
d  = G(s) =  6    = 2
R (s) 1  B (s) 3
1
108. (b) H(s) =
6
R (s) G1 (s) – R (s) G2(s) – R (s) G3(s) = C(s) C 2
= 3
R 1
C (s) 1 2 
= G1(s) – G2(s) – G3(s) 6
R (s)
R
112. (b)
R(s) C(s) C1 C 10 10
G1(s) – G2(s) – G3(s)  50, 2  
R1 R2 1  10  11
E
109. (b) 10% reduction in system 1 = 0.1×50 = 5
10% reduction in forward path of system
T
It is a case of shifting of take off point before
the summing point 2 = 0.1×10 = 1
Forward path gain in first system now
Here Z(s) = R(s)  Y(s)
S = 50 – 5 = 45;
Also in original case X(s) = R(s)  Y(s) Forward path gain for system 2 = 10 – 1 = 9
Z(s) = X(s)
A
Transfer function of system 1 = 45
(b) is an equivalent form
9 9
* In case of shifting of take-off point after Transfer function of system 2 = 
1  9  1 10
M
summing point
% reduction in transfer function of system 1 =
R(s) + C(s) R(s) + 50  45
 100  1%
+ + – C(s) 50
– – +
% reduction in transfer of system
S
X(s) Y(s) 10 9
Y(s) 
11 10  100  10%
Z(s) 2 =
IE
10
110. (c) 11
For an ideal OPAMP K1 = 10, K2 = 1
V+ = V– K1 – K2 = 9
1 113. (c)
Cs
Through variable passes through the elements
R and has the same value at input and output of
+ –
V1(t) + the element e.g., current in a resistor.
V2(t)
– i i
Input Output
Nodal equation for   element
114. (d)
O  V1  s  O  V2  s 
 = 0 Variables that appear across the two terminals
R 1 Cs
of an element e.g. voltage across a resistor.
V1  s 
= +CsV2(s) Input Output
R
V
(20) (Test - 4)-15 October 2017
115. (b) 117. (b)
With given values block diagram Consider frequencies
1 + s  50 • 1 = 2.5, change in slope = – 40 – (–20)
R  s  10 2
Y(s) = –20 db/dec, so at 1 = 2.5 one pole
s – s  6s  500
exist
• Initially slope is –20 ab/dec so one pole
exist at origin
10  s  50 
Y  s • 3 = 40, change in slope is = –60–(– 40)
s2  6s  500
= 10  s  50 
= –20 db/dec
R  s 1 2
s  6s  500 so one pole exist at 3 = 40 rad/sec.
Y s 10  s  50  K K
= G(s) = 
R  s 2
s  16s  1000  s  s  s  s
s1  1  s1  1 
 1 3  2.5   40 
10  s  50 
R
Y(s) =
s  s  16s  1000 
2 2.5  40 k
=
Final value theorem s(2.5  s) (40  s)
where K = open loop gain
E
yss = lim y  t   lim sY  s 
t  s 0 For line whose slope is –20 db/dec
s  10  s  50  y = m (log ) + 20 log k
= lim
=
s 0
1
s  s  16s  1000 
2
T At
so
 = 2.5, y = 40 db, m = –20 db/dec.
40 = – 20 log (2.5) + 20 log K
S
2  K = 250
116. (b)
250  2.5  40
 G(s) =
A
Forward path P1
s(s  2.5) (s  40)
+ 10 1 25000
R(s) Y(s) G(s) 
M
s5 s s(s  2.5) (s  40)

–
118. (a)
Loop1 5
Loop2 K  n2
Let M (s) =
+ s 2  2n s   n2
S
+ Put s = j
No non-touching loop.
K  n2
IE
Forward path gain M( j) =

(j)2  2n (j)   n2
10
P1 =  at  = 0
s s  5
 10  5   10  K  n2
L1 = , L = M(0) =
s  5 2 s s  5 0  0   n2
 = 1 – (L1+L2), 1 = 1  M(0) = K ...(1)

From given frequency plot
P11
By mason gain formula t(s) = M(0) = 0.9

so K = 0.9
50 10 s2  5s  50s  10
 = 1  = C(s) 0.9  n2
 s  5  s  s  5 s  s  5 = M(s)  2
R(s) s  2n s   n2
10
s s  5 10 1
T(s) = 2 = 2 if R(s) = (unit step)
s  55s  10 s  55s  10 s

s s5  then C(s) = M(s) · R(s)
(Test - 04)-15 October 2017 (21)
so steady state value of C(s) is 122. (c)
Css (s) = lim s · M(s) · R(s)  lim s · M(s) · R(s) It magnitude of the real part of a pole is 5–10
s 0 s0
time that of dominant poles, they may be
 lim M(s)  M(0)  k considered as insignificant and can be safely
s0
neglected for analysis of the system.
Css (s) = 0.9
123. (b)
but steady state value should be = 1 (because
input is unit step) G(s) kT
Close lOop T.F.T(s) = 
so 1 G(s) 1 k
s2  s 
T T
Steady state error = 1 – 0.9 = 0.1
119. (c) 21 k
Characteristic equation s  s =0
T T
Steady state error for step input
Comparing with second order characteristics
R R eqn.
ess = 
1  LimG(s) H(s) 1  k p
R
s0 s2  2 n  n2 = 0
kp = Lim G(s) H(s)
s0 k
2n =
E
T
kv = Lim
s0
sG(s) H(s)
1
2 2n =
G  s H  s 
T
ka = Lims T
s 0
1
120. (d)   =
2 kT
ess = Lim
s R (s)
S 1 = 0.3 and  2 = 0.9
s 0 1  G (s)
1 k2
1 =
A
R(s) = for step input 2 k1
s 2 2
1 k2  1   0.3  1
.s =     
1 k1  2   0.9  9
M
ess = lim s =
s 0
1  G (s) 1  lim G(s) 1
s 0
k2 = k = (0.11) k1
1 9 1
Type zero ess = 1  k 124. (a)
p
Type 1 or Higher  Taking L.T.
S
k 1  T1s  .... 1  Tn s  1 1 
G(s) = sn 1  T s ....1  T s s 2 Y(s)  6sY(s)  5Y(s) = 12   
 a  an
s s2
24
IE
lim G  s  =  Y(s)  s2  6s  5  = 
s 0
s s  2
1 24
ess = 0
1  Y(s) = 
s s  2  s  5  s  1
121. (b)
lim y  t  = lim sY  s 
t  s 0
kp = LimG(s) ,Type 0  kp = k 24
s0
= sLt
 0  s  1 s  2  s  3 
Type 1  kp= 
24
=  2.4
kv = Lim sG  s  Type 0  k = 0 10
s 0 v
125. (b)
Type 1  kv = k
1
Type 2  kv =  Ramp r(t) = t, R (s) =
s2
ka = Lim s 2 G(s) Type 0  k = 0 1
s 0 a s.
R(s) s2
Type 1  ka = 0 ess  Lim s  Lim
s0 1 G(s) s0 k
1
Type 2  ka = k s s  1  0.1s  1
(22) (Test - 4)-15 October 2017
 s  1  0.1 s  1 s
4
1 2 3
ess  Lim  0.1
s 0 s  s  1  0.1 s  1  k s
3
1 2 0
 0  1  0  1 s
2
0 3
 0.1
k
First element of s2 row is zero.
k > 10
Replace zero in s2 by  0 and  0
Minimum k = 10 2
s  3
126. (b) 2–3
1
s 0
T.F. is impulse response of system 
0
s 3 0
dc  t 
Impulse response =
dt 2  3 3
 as  0
= (0.2) (–10)e–10t + 24e–20t  
 dc  t   –2 24 First element of s1 is less than zero
T.F. = L   =  Two sign changes  Nos. of pole in RHS s-
R
 dt  s  10 s  20
plane is 02
2s  40  24s  240 132. (b)
=  s  10  s  20 
E
5
s 1 8 4
4
22s  280 s 4 8 4
T.F. =  s
3
6 6 0
s  10   s  20 
127. (c)
ess = Lim
s R(s)
T s
s
s
2
0
4
0
4
0
S
s0 1  G(s)
All element of s1 are zero. Auxiliary equation
1
R(s) = L r  t    3 A(s) = 4s2+4 s2= –1, s =  j
s
A
1 dA  S 
3
s = 8s + 0
s ds
ess = Lim
s0 k s  5
M
1 2 2 Replace s1 element with 8, 0

s  s  5s  6  2
s 4 4 0
2
s  5s  6
= Lim s
1
8 0 0
s0
s2  s2  5s  6   k  s  5 
0
s 4
6 6 1.2
ess =  
S
0  k(5) 5k k Nos, of roots on j-axis = 2

128. (a) 133. (c)
 4
t   Peak overshoot time = s 1 7 k
IE
2
n 1   3
4 s 4 6 0
ts = For 2% band s
2
5.5 k
n
1 33–4k

 s 0
2 5.5
Mp = e 1 s
0
k
1  0.7 k>0
td =
wn 4k < 33
129. (a) k < 8.25
Zero – state response – All inputs only with 0 < k < 8.25
zero initial conditions 134. (b)
Zero – input response– All inputs zero with
Routh criterion
initial condition only
3
130. (b) s 4 5
Routh Hurwitz criteria is valid for linear time s
2
k 10
Invariant system. 1 5k–10
s 0
131. (c) 5k
0
Routh tabulation s
(Test - 04)-15 October 2017 (23)
For system to be critically stable, all element • Exponential decaying function y(t) = e at
of s1 row should be zero. Hence k = 2.
135. (c) y t
For a second order system  = 1
s1,2 = n  n 1  2
e at
For  = –1
s1,2 = n , n 138. (b)
Poles in R.H.S side of s-plane and system is 139. (a)
unstable
Given,
  1
s2 1
s1,2 = n  n 1  2 G(s) = , H s 
s   6s  a s4
n 1   2  complex For step input, steady state error,
R
n  Positive 1
ess = 1  K
Roots are complex conjugate on R.H.S P
KP = LimG s Hs
E
136. (c) s 0
G (s) 20 s2 1
T(s) = 1  G (s)  s2  5s  25 = Lim .
  6s  a  s  4
T
s 0 s2
Characteristic equation is s2 + 5s + 25 = 0 2 1
= 
Compare with s2 + 2n s  n2 a  4 2a
S 1

2a
0
2n = 5  n  2.5  ess =
1 2a  1
4 4 1
A
2a
t s =   2.5  1.6 sec
n
 ess  0 given 
137. (c) a = 0
M
• For underdamping    1 , response is 140. (b)

In electric switch does not consists any
y t feedback element, hence it work as a open
loop control system.
141. (b)
S
R G R G
C C
IE
• For overdamped    1 , response is

B B G
142. (c)
y t For linearity system follow the homogenity and
superposition theorem, but system (1) having
dy  t 
y t  term and system (3) have  y  t  2
dt
term. Hence system 1 and 3 are nonlinear
system.
143. (b)
• For undamped    0  , response is
Note: Transient response depends more on
y t the poles near to the origin and steady state
depends on all poles.
 Approximated transfer function of the system
1000 2
= s
 s  1  20  25 = s  s  1
(24) (Test - 4)-15 October 2017
144. (c) The OC test is performed at rated voltage, so,

if it is done on low voltage side, it requires the
instruments with standard ranges. On the other
hand, if OC test is performed on high voltage
input output side, a source of such a high voltage may not
be available easily.
14 The SC test is performed on hV side because:
(i) The rated current on hV side is lower than
that on lv side. This current can be safely
measured.
input output
(ii) Since, the applied voltage is less than
5% of the rated voltage of the winding,
 Gain of the system is = 9  3  3  24 greater accuracy in the reading of the
145. (a) voltmeter is possible when the hV side is
R
used as the primary.
For R(s) = 0, the above system can be redrawn
as. 148. (a)
E
The transformers used to supply low tension
N(s) G2(s) C(s)
(LT) consumers are called distribution
transformers. Hence, the load on such
Gn(s) G 1(s)
T transformers vary widely Therefore, it is not

suitable to calculate efficiency of the distribution
S
H(s) transformer at a particular load with a fixed
power factor. Hence, to judge the efficiency of
C  s G2  s distribution transformer, energy efficiency or All
A
 = 1 G  s  H s  G s  1 Gn s  G1  s day efficiency is calculated.

N s  2 1
G2  s   Gn  s   G1  s   G 2  s  149. (a)
i.e. C(s) =  N  s
M
1  G1  s   G2  s   H  s  In an induction motor, starting torque can be

To eliminate the effect of Noise N(s) on C(s) controlled by change in rotor resistance.
Increase in rotor resistance increases the
G 2  s   Gn  s   G1  s   G2  s  = 0
starting torque. This is possible only in case
1
 Gn  s  = G  s  of stip-ring induction motor as the rotor
S
1 resistance can be varied but in squirrel cage

146. (c)
induction motor, as the rotor bars are short-
 R  sL  circuited, it is not possible to increase the
V0(s) = Ii (s) 
IE
 R  sL  rotor resistance at starting and hence starting

V0  s  R  sL sL torque cannot be controlled in squirrel cage
 = =
Ii  s   sL  1 induction motor.
R 1   1   sL  
 R R 150. (b)
So, the block diagram will be,
In case, the operating speed of the rotor of
sL
3 –  induction motor becomes equal to the
Ii(s) V0(s) synchronous speed in the same direction, there
will be no-relative speed between stator rotating
1 magnetic field and rotor bars and hence there
R
will be no induced emf and no current
147. (c) developed in rotor. Hence, there will be no
torque produced in rotor.
In the transformers, usually the open-circuit
(OC) test and short-circuit tests are conducted The mmf produced by both stator and rotor
on low voltage and high voltage sides rotates at synchronous speed in the same
respetively. direction.

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ESE-2018 PRELIMS TEST SERIES

Date: 15 October, 2017

1. (d) 31. (b) 61. (a) 91. (c) 121. (b)

1. (d) dx 2 (t) dx1  t  t 0 

Method-2 i.e. x3(t) = ax1(t) + bx2(t)

 x[n] =  f[k] g[n  k] 

k 0 Since the system is causal,

From initial value theorem 

from given graph of x(t), putting the value x (t) X(j)

Put  = 0 both side

from given signal  x(t) dt is area of the given

1 4 1 Taking inverse Fourier transform

Y(j) = X(j)H(j) For Img(X(j))  0 , the signal must be real

y(t) = x(2t ) y (t  0) = 

Using Fourier transform both side

X(j) = X(j) e j3/2 …(2) L.T. es

G( j) imaginary and odd. Therefore, a0 = 0

 x2(t) is real valued signal

So frequency component present in the range

(f 0)LPF = 8 KHz and 12 KHz. Max (1, 2 ) will be present as highest

= 6000 rad / sec.

H2– It is non causal because the output

belayed input at t = +1.

42. (c) h(0) = 2 3  1 3  1 3

By putting the value of F(t) no common ROC exist so z-transform of x[n]

52. (d) i.e. no-load current lags the applied voltage by

X12 = 0.09 pu i.e., 0 = 60° (lagging)

 Core-loss component current,

58. (c) 61. (a)

The tertiary winding in a 3  transformer can Since, eddy-current loss,

silica gel crystal which is blue when dry and r2  jsX2 2

P2 The rotor equivalent circuit is,

T (i) Magnitude at every instant is

n = 6k  1; where k = 1, 2, 3 ..... 78. (c)

be same, but the sufficient condition is the

Eb .Ia 400  30 Total armature reaction

T = (current in each conductor) ×

constant load. 95. (b)

Fig. 2: inverted V-Curve 1

2. For F(s) numerator power must be less 1 1 1

 s  1 • Transfer function is a property of the

1 e  t 3  t 3 3t 106. (c)

b  R (s) A (s) + R (s) B(s) = C (s) V2  s  1

s5 s s(s  2.5) (s  40)

Forward path gain M( j) =

 = 1 – (L1+L2), 1 = 1  M(0) = K ...(1)

1 2 2 Replace s1 element with 8, 0

0  k(5) 5k k Nos, of roots on j-axis = 2

KP = LimG s Hs

• For underdamping    1 , response is 140. (b)

• For overdamped    1 , response is

144. (c) The OC test is performed at rated voltage, so,

T transformers vary widely Therefore, it is not

1  G1  s   G2  s   H  s  In an induction motor, starting torque can be

1 resistance can be varied but in squirrel cage

 R  sL  rotor resistance at starting and hence starting

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