DEFINATION OF COMPLETE DIAGNOSIS

1. RH Incompatibility

Rh incompatibility is a condition that occurs during pregnancy, when a woman and her
unborn baby carry different Rhesus (Rh) protein factors, their condition is called Rh
incompatibility. It occurs when a woman is Rh-negative and her baby is Rh-positive. The
Rh factor is a specific protein found on the surface of your red blood cells. Like your
blood type, you inherit your Rh factor type from your parents. Most people are Rh-
positive, but a small percentage of people are Rh-negative. This means they lack the
Rh protein, if a woman has Rh-negative blood and her baby has Rh-positive blood. Rh
factor is inherited (passed from parents to children through the genes). Most people are
Rh-positive. Whether you have Rh factor doesn't affect your general health. However, it
can cause problems during pregnancy. When you're pregnant, blood from your baby
can cross into your bloodstream, especially during delivery. If you're Rh-negative and
your baby is Rh-positive, your body will react to the baby's blood as a foreign
substance. Your body will create antibodies (proteins) against the baby's Rh-positive
blood. These antibodies usually don't cause problems during a first pregnancy. This is
because the baby often is born before many of the antibodies develop. However, the
antibodies stay in your body once they have formed. Thus, Rh incompatibility is more
likely to cause problems in second or later pregnancies. The Rh antibodies can cross
the placenta and attack the baby's red blood cells. This can lead to hemolytic anemia in
the baby. Hemolytic anemia is a condition in which red blood cells are destroyed faster
than the body can replace them. Red blood cells carry oxygen to all parts of the body.
Without enough red blood cells, your baby won't get enough oxygen. This can lead to
serious problems. Severe hemolytic anemia may even be fatal to the child.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Blood is a constantly circulating fluid providing the body with nutrition, oxygen, and
waste removal. Blood is mostly liquid, with numerous cells and proteins suspended in it,
making blood "thicker" than pure water. The average person has about 5 liters of blood.
Blood is composing plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and
platelets, which possess different functions. A liquid called plasma makes up about half of
the content of blood. It contains mostly water for about 90% that acts as a solvent for
carrying other substances. Plasma also contains proteins that accounts 7% of it which help
blood to clot, transport substances through the blood, and perform other functions. Most
common protein in plasma is albumin which primarily carry protein for steroids, fatty acids
and thyroid hormones in the blood. Blood plasma also contains glucose and other
dissolved nutrients. The other half of blood volume is composed of blood cells such as red
blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets. Red blood cells also known as
erythrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the human body. This cell doesn’t have
nucleus which allow more space for more hemoglobin to be stored in RBCs. Hemoglobin is
a respiratory pigment that binds to either oxygen or carbon dioxide. This allow oxygen to be
transported to different part of the body including organs and tissues. White blood cells
(WBCs) also known as leukocytes is a cellular component of blood that have nucleus but
lacks of hemoglobin. This cell is capable of motility and it plays important role in fighting
infections and diseases by ingesting foreign materials and cellular debris, by destroying
infectious agents and cancer cells or by producing antibodies. And platelets also known as
thrombocytes, a tiny blood cells that help blood to clot and stop bleeding. Blood run through
blood vessels (arteries and veins) and if one of it gets damage, it sends signal to the
platelets and platelets form clot to fix the damage.