Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Unit GC2 Element 4 PDF
Unit GC2 Element 4 PDF
Include:
• Hammer.
• Chisel.
• Screwdriver.
• Axe.
Group Exercise
Discuss:
● what accidents can occur with hand-held tools, and
● How the tools became damaged.
Hazards of Hand-Held Tools
• Tool may shatter.
• Handle may come loose.
• Tool may be blunt requiring
excessive force.
• Human error, e.g. hit thumb
with hammer.
• Misuse, e.g. wrong tool for
job.
Precautions
• Tools suitable for the task and environment of
use.
• Maintenance of tools.
• Supervision of practices.
Portable Power Tools
Higher risk because:
• Forces are greater, meaning potential for very severe
injury.
• Additional hazards present, such as:
‐ Electricity.
‐ Petrol.
‐ Noise.
‐ Vibration.
‐ Dust.
‐ Ejected material.
‐ Trip hazards.
Controls for Portable Power Tools
• Careful selection:
‐ Task.
‐ Environment.
• Instructions:
‐ Manufacturer's instructions.
‐ In-house rules.
• Training and information, competence.
• Supervision.
• Routinely inspected.
• Repair or disposal of unsafe tools.
• Regular maintenance - by competent staff.
Safe Use of a Portable Power Tool
• Tools used within design specification
(e.g. disc speeds).
• Guards and safety devices in place.
• PPE used.
• Power cables controlled.
• Ejected parts controlled, e.g. secured
work area.
Non-mechanical hazards:
• From power source or things being emitted by the
machine.
Mechanical Hazards
• Crushing.
• Shearing.
• Cutting or severing.
• Entanglement.
• Drawing in or trapping.
• Impact.
• Stabbing or puncture.
• Friction or abrasion.
• High-pressure fluid injection.
Crushing
Shearing
Cutting or Severing
Entanglement
Drawing In or Trapping
Impact
Stabbing or Puncture
Friction or Abrasion
High-Pressure Fluid Injection
• Injuries caused by liquids released under pressure.
Limitations:
• Can bypass the system.
• Person may gain access by closing the guard
around them.
• Needs rule to be enforced.
Sensitive Protective Equipment
(Trip Devices)
• Not a physical barrier.
• They include:
‐ Pressure mats.
‐ Trip bars.
‐ Photoelectric devices.
• Limitations?
Two-Hand Controls
Designed to protect the
operator's hands:
Limitations.
Emergency Stop Controls
• Should bring the machine to a safe stop as quickly
as possible.
• Machine can only be re-started using the re-set
button.
• Release of the button should not re-start the
machine.
• Limitations.
Protective Appliances
Designed to keep operators’ hands away from
danger.
Include:
• Push-sticks.
• Jigs.
• Clamps.
Specific Equipment
Office machinery: Retail machinery:
• Photocopier. • Compactor.
• Document shredder.
• Checkout conveyor system.
Manufacturing machinery: Construction machinery:
• Bench-top grinder.
• Cement mixer.
• Pedestal drill.
• Circular saw.
Agricultural machinery:
• Cylinder mower.
• Strimmer.
• Chainsaw.
Group Exercise
Choose one of the ‘specific machines’ and outline:
• The hazards (mechanical and non-mechanical).
• Control measures.
Hazards and Control Measures
• Photocopier.
• Paper shredder.
• Bench-top grinder.
• Pedestal drill.
• Cylinder mower.
• Strimmer or brush-cutter.
• Chainsaw.
• Compactor.
• Check-out conveyor system.
• Cement mixer.
• Bench-mounted circular saw.
Office Machinery
Chainsaw
Retail Machinery
Compactor
Construction Machinery
Cement Mixer
Requirements for Guards and Safety
Devices
• Meets relevant standards.
• Strong and robust.
• Compatible with machine operation.
• Not easy to defeat.
• Allows vision.
• Allows ventilation.
• Easy to maintenance.
• Designed to allow for maintenance.
• Does not increase overall risk.
End-of-Section Quiz
Identify the types of guards and protective devices.
Summary
• Described some of the basic management issues that must be
considered when introducing work equipment.
• Outlined the hazards and precautions associated with simple
hand tools, such as hammers and chisels.
• Outlined the hazards and precautions associated with portable
power tools, such as a portable electric drill or disc cutter.
• Explained the mechanical hazards of machinery as: crushing,
shearing, cutting or severing, entanglement, drawing in or
trapping, impact, stabbing or puncture, friction or abrasion, and
high-pressure fluid injection.
• Identified the non-mechanical hazards of machinery as:
electricity; noise; vibration; hazardous substances; radiation
(ionising and non-ionising); extreme temperatures; ergonomics;
slips, trips and falls; and fire and explosion.
Summary
• Explained the basic characteristics of fixed guards, adjustable
and self-adjusting guards, and interlocked guards as well as the
characteristics of trip devices, two-hand controls, protective
appliances and emergency stops.
• Outlined the basic requirements of guards and safety devices,
where they: must meet relevant standards, be strong and
robust, compatible with machine operation, not be easy to
defeat, allow visibility and ventilation, take maintenance into
account, and not increase overall risk.
• Described the hazards associated with photocopiers, shredders,
bench grinders, pedestal drills, cylinder mowers, strimmers,
chainsaws, compactors, checkout conveyors, cement mixers
and bench-mounted circular saws.
Summary
• Identified the types of guard and other protection measures to
ensure safety in the use of photocopiers, shredders, bench
grinders, pedestal drills, cylinder mowers, strimmers, chainsaws,
compactors, checkout conveyors, cement mixers and bench-
mounted circular saws.