CHAPTER 12 : NUMERICAL METHODS (REVISION)

6. Show that the equation ln x = 1 + e − x has a root between 2 and 3.

1. Use the trapezium rule with five ordinates, estimate the value of the followings,
correct to three decimal places (a) Use the Newton-Raphson method, with the initial approximation x0 = 2.5,
find the root correct to three decimal places.
4


1


1 − xn
(a) dx (b) xe − x dx (b) Determine which of the iterations xn+1 = – ln (ln x n – 1) and xn+1 = e1+ e
0 2 − x4 2
is more likely to give a convergent sequence of approximation to a root in
the interval (2 , 3).
2. Use the trapezium rule with six ordinates, estimate the value of the followings, Use your choice with x0 = 2.5, determine the root correct to three decimal places.
correct to three decimal places
0.5

 
3
2 sin x x 7. By sketching the graphs of y = 2ex and y = 8 – x on the same diagram,
(c) dx (d) dx
0 cos 2 x 1 ln ( x + 1) show that the equation 2ex + x – 8 = 0 has only one real root.

(a) Use the Newton-Raphson method, with the initial approximation x0 = 1,

find the root correct to three decimal places.
4. The curve y = 2 x 2 + 1 – 1 and the straight line y = x
8 − xn
in the first quadrant is shown in the diagram. y y = 2x2 + 1 – 1 (b) Determine which of the iterations xn+1 = 8 – 2e x n and xn+1 = ln ( )
2
Using the trapezium rule with four intervals,
is more likely to give a convergent sequence of approximation to this.
estimate the volume generated, when the region
bounded by the curve and the straight line is y=x Use your choice with x0 = 1, determine the root correct to three decimal places.
rotated completely about the x-axis, correct to
three decimal places. 0 x 8. Using the Newton-Raphson method with the initial approximation xo = 1, find
the root of the equation cos x = x2 – 1, correct to three decimal places.
5. Using the trapezium rule with five ordinates, flnd the approximate value of 2


4 xn
1 Determine which of the iterations xn+1 = 1 + cos( ) and xn+1 = 2 cos–1( xn2 – 1)
dx, correct to three decimal places. 2
2 x −1
2
is more likely to give a convergent sequence of approximation to the root above.

 x 1− 1 dx = x x− 1 +  ( x2 x− 1)
2
Using integration by parts, show that 2 2 2 2
dx . Use your choice with x0 = 1, determine the root correct to three decimal places.

4
Sketch the line y = 3 – 2x and the curve y = cos x for – ≤ x ≤  on the same
 x2 9.
Hence, deduce the approximate value of dx .
2 (x
2
− 1) 2 coordinate axes. Deduce that the equation 3 – 2x = cos x has only one real root.

(a) Using the Newton-Raphson method, with initial approximation xo = 1, find the
root of the equation 3 – 2x = cos x, correct to three decimal places.
1
(b) Determine which of the iterations xn+1 = (3 – cos xn ) and xn+1 = cos–1(3 – 2 xn )
2
is more likely to give a convergent sequence of approximation to this root.
Use your choice with x0 = 1, determine the root correct to three decimal places.