MIMO in LTE

MIMO in LTE

SFBC Spatial
Beamforming
(Transmit diversity) multiplexing

2 and 4 antenna Upto 4 streams can Single stream

operations defined be transmitted in transmission using
parallel multiple antennas

Closed loop Open loop

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 Transmit diversity in LTE

• 2 and 4 antenna procedures are defined

• eNB’s capabilities will determine the type of transmit diversity to be

used

• Alamouti code transmission using space and frequency

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Two antenna-port transmit diversity - SFBC

Si+11 S*i+10
.
.

..
..

..
..

Si+7 S*i+6
y

-S*
nc

Si+6 i+7
e
qu

Si+5 S*
Fre

i+4

Si+4 -S*
r

i+5
rie
car

Si+3 S* i+2
ub
es

Si+2 -S*i+3
On

Si+1 S*i

Si -S*i+1

Antenna port 0 Antenna port 1

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 Four antenna-port transmit diversity – combined SFBC/FSTD

Si+7 S*i+6
Si+6 -S* i+7

Si+5 S*i+4
y
nc

-S*i+5

r
rie
Si+4
e
qu

car
S*i+2
Fre

Si+3

ub
es
Si+2 -S*i+3

On
Si+1 S*i

Si -S*i+1

Antenna port 0 Antenna port 2

Antenna port 1 Antenna port 3

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Spatial multiplexing

• Can increase spectral efficiency by a factor of 4

• Concept of layers – multiple data streams transmitted at the same

time and frequency

• Closed loop implies feedback from UE about the precoding to be

used

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 Q symbols per layer
One or two
M layers
codewords

−
X0

|
|
| Antenna
Layer |
−
Mapping
MappingX |
(Pre-coding)
0
|
|
|

XQ-1 X1 X0 YQ-1 Y1 Y0

PMI feedback/No PMI feedback

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Closed loop Spatial Multiplexing

• RI – Rank indicator determines the number of layers that can be

supported by the current channel at the UE, can be 1 to 4
• PMI – Precoding matrix indicator; selection of matrix from a
codebook, value depends on RI
• CQI – indicates the combination of modulation scheme and coding
rate
Feedback

y0
x0
x1 . Feedback includes
. . RI, PMI, CQI
Precoding
. .
W
. .
.
yM-1
xM-1

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 Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing for 2 antennas

Codebook index Number of layer = 1 Number of layers = 2

1 ⎡1⎤
0 ⎢⎥ _
2 ⎣1⎦

1 ⎡1 ⎤ 1 ⎛1 1 ⎞
1 ⎢ ⎥ ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎣ −1⎦ 2 ⎝ 1 −1 ⎠

1 ⎡1 ⎤ 1 ⎛1 1 ⎞
2 ⎢ ⎥ ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎣ j⎦ 2 ⎝ j − j⎠

1 ⎡1 ⎤
3 ⎢− j ⎥ _
2 ⎣ ⎦

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Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing for 4 antennas

• The value of RI can be 1, 2, 3, 4

• For each value of RI, 16 precoding matrices are defined

• Precoding matrices are defined based on Householder

transformation

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 Open loop spatial multiplexing

• No precoding related feedback is sent from UE

• RI and CQI feedback is still sent from UE

• Any precoding from the allowed set can be used

• CDD is used for better performance

y0
x0
x1 .
MXM . .
. MXM .
DFT . . Precoding
. large delay .
Precoding . . W
. CDD .
. .
.
yM-1
xM-1
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Downlink reference signals

• To estimate the complex channel of each subcarrier, for coherent

demodulation, known reference signals are inserted in OFDM time-
frequency grid

• Three types
– Cell specific downlink reference signals: Transmitted in every downlink
subframe and span the entire DL cell bandwidth. Signals are dependent
on cell id.

– UE-specific reference signal: Used for non-codebook based

beamforming

– MBSFN reference signals: Used with synchronous multicell

multicast/broadcast services. Signals are dependent on MBSFN area

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Cell specific signal transmission – Antenna port 0

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Cell specific signal transmission – 2 Antenna ports

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 Cell specific signal transmission – 4 Antenna ports

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Beamforming

• Two modes

– Closed loop rank 1 precoding: UE feeds channel information back to

eNodeB, indicating the suitable precoding.

– UE specific RSs: UE does not feedback any precoding-related

information. Both the data part and the UE specific RSs are
beamformed.

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 Multiuser MIMO

BTS Simutaneous transmission

from multiple
UEs to eNb

Simultaneous transmission
from eNB to
multiple UEs

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