2011/08/25

Ch. 4 L#2:
4.4 Source Transformations
• An equivalent circuit is one whose v-i
characteristics are identical with the
original circuit.
• It is the process of replacing a voltage
source vS in series with a resistor R by a
current source iS in parallel with a resistor
R, or vice versa.

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4.4 Source Transformation

+ +
• The arrow of the

 current source is

     
 directed toward
the positive
- - terminal of the
(a) Independent source transform voltage source.

• The source
+ +
transformation is
not possible when
R = 0 for voltage
source and R = ∞
- - for current source.
(b) Dependent source transform

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 2011/08/25

4.4 Source Transformation

From a Load’s perspective
+ +



Load
Load

     


- -
A load connected between terminals ab will
not know the difference. The load will see
the same voltage and conduct the same
current.

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PP 4.5: Use source transformation and determine io.

5V

io
6//3 = 1+4= io
5A 7Ω 3A 5Ω 15/2= 7Ω
2Ω 7.5 A 3A 5Ω
2Ω

2Ω 5V

io io
5⋅2= 7.5+3= 5//2 =
7Ω 3A 5Ω 
10 V 10.5 A Ω 7Ω


2Ω
io 10
  10.5  7  1.78 
5 + 10
= 15V
7Ω 3A 5Ω 7  107
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PP 4.5b: Use nodal analysis and determine io.

V1 V2

 
7

Supernode:     5 ∴     5 1

KCL @ Supernode:
   
5  3 0 2
6 3 7 5
x30 5  5  150  10 5  307   90  6  0
5  10  307   6  25  150  50  90
25.286  315
∴   12.457 

∴    1.78 
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PP 4.7: Use source transformation and determine ix.

Very IMPORTANT:
Do NOT transform the part
of the circuit where the
unknown variable is!

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Problem 4.24: Determine vx.

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