A PROJECT REPORT

ON

AUTOMATIC WASHROOM LIGHT SWITCH

By
MD MAHBUBUR RAHMAN (Roll No.161-141-015)

METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY, SYLHET

APRIL, 2019

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to thank Metropolitan University for giving us the opportunity to use their resources
and work in such a challenging environment.
Then, we would like to take the opportunity to express our deepest sense of gratitude to our
supervisor for his able guidance during our project work. This project would not have been possible
without his help and the valuable time that he has given us amidst his busy schedule.
We would also like to extend our gratitude to our honorable department head and teachers of this
department who have always encouraged and supported us in doing our work. We would like to
thank all the staff members of Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering who have been
very cooperative with us.
Md Mahbubur Rahman
Department of EEE

ABSTRACT
As a developing country power sources of Bangladesh are limited. We know, a major part
of our electricity is being wasted due to our incognizance. After leaving the room the fans,
lights etc. remain on unnecessarily. In this project, I have designed and build a simple Automatic
Washroom Light Switch Circuit, which will automatically turn the lights on when a person enters
the washroom and it automatically turns it off when he/she leaves it.

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The main object of this project is to minimize the wastage of electricity. It works properly
and its performance is satisfactory.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.No. Contents Page No.

Abstract…………………………………………………….ii
Acknowledgement………………………………………….iii
1. Introduction…………………………………………………1
2. Block diagram and its description........................................2
2.1 Basic block diagram……………………………...2
2.2 Block diagram description………………………. 3
3. Component used-Part A……………………………………6
3.1 Voltage Regulator………………………….…..…6
3.2 NE555 Timer………………………………….....10
3.3 Rectifier…………………………………….……18
4. Circuit Description………………………………………….23
4.1 Transmission circuit…………………………….. 23
4.2 Receiver circuit…………………………………..24
5. Hardware Design and description………………………....26
6. Circuit Description-Part B…………………………………28
6.1 TSOP1738 ……………………………………......28
6.2 555………………………………………………...29
6.3 LTS542(7 Segment Display)……………………...31
6.4 LM7805(Voltage Regulator) ……………………..32
6.5 Relay Circuit………………………………………33
6.6 Capacitor…………………………………………..33
6.7 Diode………………………………………………35
6.8 Resistor…………………………………….………38
6.9 Light Emitting Diode ……………………………...40
6.10 Printing Circuit Board ……………………………..46
7. Flow Chart…… …………………………………….…….…..49
8. Testing & Result…………………………………………..… 51
9. Future Scope…………………………………………….….....52
10. Applications………………………………………………..…53
11. References…………………………………………………….54

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 LIST OF FIGURES

S. No. Figure Name Page No.

1. Block Diagram of Visitor Counter ………………………….…….2

2. Pin Diagram Of 74LS192 ……………………………………….…4
3. NE 555Timer ……………………………………………………...10
4. 555 In Bistable Mode …………………………………………….14
5. Standard 555 astable Circuit ……………………………………....15
6. Full-wave rectifier using a center tap transformer ………………...19
7. Full-wave rectifier, with vacuum tube …………………………..20
8. Disassembled automobilealternator ……………………………….22
9. Three-phase full-wave bridge rectifier circuit ……………………..23
10. Transmitter circuit ………………………………………………...24
11. Receiver circuit ………………………………………………...…26
12. Snapshot of the entire circuit ………………………………..…….28
13. Infrared Sensor …………………………………………….……...29
14. Block Diagram of TSOP 1738 ……………………………….……29
15. Timer IC(555) …………………………………………………….29
16. Segment ……………………………………………………………31
17. Voltage Regulator …………………………………………………32
18. Relay …………………………………………………………….….33
19. A diode's I–V characteristic ………………………………………..35
20. LEDs ……………………………………………………………….37
21. FLOW CHART ………………………………………………,,,…49

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 CHAPTER :- 1
Introduction of Project

1.1 INTRODUCTION

In this project, I have designed and build a simple Automatic Washroom Light Switch Circuit,
which will automatically turn the lights on when a person enters the washroom and it automatically
turns it off when he/she leaves it.

We turn on the lights in our washroom when we enter it and turn them off when we leave.
Sometimes, we forget to turn the lights off after leaving the washroom. This may lead to power
wastage and also the lifetime of the light bulbs may decrease.

By automating the process this way, there are many advantages like, the person need not care about
turning the light on or off whenever he/she is using the washroom.

The circuit is also designed to consume lesser power so that the circuit can be used in any
household or public washrooms without worrying about the power bill.

1.2 OBJECTIVE

Wastage of electricity is one of the main problems which we are facing now-a-days. In our
home, school, colleges or industry we see that fan and lighting point are kept on even if
there are nobody in the room or area and passage. This happens due to negligence or
because we forgot to turn lights off or we are in a hurry. To avoid all such situations this
project

1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Although not same but many related work have been done by many researchers. Some of
the papers have been studied and described below.

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Asha Rawat, et al. [2016] has done an “Automated Room Light Controller with Visitor Counter”
[1]. The main purpose of the project is automation, saving electricity, increasing appliance life span
and yet providing a desired output smartly.

Subhankar Chattoraj , Aditya Chakraborty et al [2016] has done a “Bidirectional Visitor Counter
with Automatic Room Light Controller and Arduino as the master controller[2]”.This paper gives
the basic idea of how to control the bidirectional visitor counter and room light counter using
Arduino Mega and Ardiono(IDE). The cost of this technology is very economical.

Ankita Tripathi [2014] has done a ‘‘Automatic room light controller with visitor counter’’. The
objective of this project is to make a controller based model to count number of persons visiting
particular room and accordingly light up the room
Mahmud Hussain Juwel has done a ‘‘Automatic Room Light Control Using Bidirectional Visitor
Counter and Gas Detection’’.

CHAPTER :- 2
BLOCK DIAGRAM AND ITS DESCRIPTION

2.1 Basic Block Diagram

Enter Exit
Enter Sensor Signal Relay
Conditioning

CD
Exit Sensor Signal 4 Light
Conditioning
0
Power Supply
1
7

Figure 2.1:- Basic Block Diagram of Automatic washroom light Switch

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2.2 Block Diagram Description

The basic block diagram of the bidirectional visitor counter with automatic light controller
is shown in the above figure. Mainly this block diagram consist of the following essential
blocks.

(i) Power Supply

(ii) Entry and Exit sensor circuit
(iii) 74ls192 up/down decade counter
(iv) Relay driver circuit

2.2.1 Power Supply:-

Here we used +12V and +5V dc power supply. The main function of this block is to
provide the required amount of voltage to essential circuits. +12 voltage is given. +12V is
given to relay driver. To get the +5V dc power supply we have used here IC 7805, which
provides the +5V dc regulated power supply.

2.2.2 Enter and Exit Circuits:-

This is one of the main part of our project. The main intention of this block is to sense
the person. For sensing the person and light we are using the light dependent register
(LDR).

2.2.3 74LS192 UP/DOWN DECADE COUNTER:-

It is an up/down modulo -16 binary counter. It uses up/down clocks in either
counting mode and the circuit operates synchronously . The o/p change the state
synchronous with the low to high transitions on the clock inputs .

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Separate terminal count up and terminal count down o/p are provided which are
used as a clocks for a subsequent stages without extra logic,

thus simplifying counter designs. Individual preset inputs allow the circuit to be
used as a programmable counter . Both the parallel load and the master reset inputs
asynchronously override clocks .

a) Low Power : 95 mw
b) High Speed :40MHz
c) Synchronous counting
d) Asynchronous Master Reset and parallel Load
e) Individual preset inputs
f) Cascading Circuitry Internally

Figure 2.2:- Up/Down Decade Counter

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2.2.4 Relay Driver Circuit:-

This block has the potential to drive the various controlled devices. In this block mainly we
are using the transistor and the relays. One relay driver circuit we are using to control the
light. Output signal from AT89S52 is given to the base of the transistor, which we are
further energizing the particular relay. Because of this appropriate device is selected and it
do its allotted function

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