Fabrication and Testing of Headlight Reminder Circuit

Name: Koech Eli Kipchirchir

Adm NO: 2021ED142840

Course: Project Design and Evaluation

Lecturer: Mr. Muthiani

Date: Nov 9, 2021

Table of Contents
Chapter 1................................................................................................................................3
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Problem Statement...........................................................................................................................3
Aims/Objectives................................................................................................................................3
Chapter 2................................................................................................................................4
Literature review..............................................................................................................................4
Chapter 3................................................................................................................................6
Specifications.....................................................................................................................................6
IC1: MC14023B......................................................................................................................................................6
Q1: BC327 45V 800mA PNP Transistor..............................................................................................................6
D1: 1N4007, 1000V 1A Diodes............................................................................................................................7
R1,R5: 22K = 2 pcs.................................................................................................................................................7
R2-R4: 100K = 3 pcs.............................................................................................................................................8
Buzzer 12V............................................................................................................................................................8
Operation of circuit..........................................................................................................................8
The working principle......................................................................................................................9
The circuit assembly.......................................................................................................................11
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................12
References............................................................................................................................13
List of Figures

Figure 1 Headlight reminder circuit using Digital IC......................................................................8

Figure 2: Internal Structure of the IC..............................................................................................9

List of Tables

Table 1 Datasheet for transistor Q1.................................................................................................7

Chapter 1

Introduction
We often see many car drivers, to forgot to turn off lights in a car when parking. Then,

they back to start the machine, it did not work. Because a battery does not has a energy.

The car headlight reminder circuit can be used to warn the driver that he has left the car's

headlight switched on after leaving the car.

You then are up for charging the battery, tow starting, apologizing to the controlling

director having merely waited two hours to talk about the future with the company, placating

uptight parents whose daughter you have returned soon after they noticed it had been now

daylight, or no matter what blend of situations are least beneficial for your instant circumstance.

To prevent this sort of problems is actually comparatively simple and numerous circuits

happen to be posted that supply an audible caution when the ignition is turned off even though

the headlights or sidelights continue to be burning.

Most of these circuits are usually simple and efficient however almost always are not able

to cater to all those events whenever one needs light to be on whilst the ignition is turned off.

Problem Statement

Following circuit is an automobile alarm used to detect certain undesirable conditions:

– Activate the alarm when the headlights are on while the ignition is off

– Activate the alarm when the door is open while the ignition is on

Aims/Objectives

Design a Circuit that warns when the headlight lamp is on when the driver opens the door and

switches the ignition.

Chapter 2

Literature review

Reputed journals and publications are review to get rid of advancement in automotive

safety and contribution in automotive safety with respect to head lights. New technologies are

understood and their contribution in safety w. r. t. head light.

Drivers are facing a huge problem due to this high beam light which falls directly onto

their eyes from coming vehicle during driving. There are many medical facts which support their

problems of night driving. When the bright light from the headlight of a vehicle coming from the

opposite direction falls on a person, it glares him for a certain amount of time. This causes

disorientation to that driver. This will create discomfort to driver which results in closing of

driver eyes for certain interval of time. This fraction of distraction is the prime cause of many

road accidents. In the medical world,

Due to the bright light falls onto the eyes of driver, it creates temporary blindness for the

driver is known as Troxler effect. [1] It is also known as the ‘fading effect’. A study shows that if

our eyes are exposed to a very bright light source of around 10,000 lumens, we experience a

glare. [3]This glare is produced due to over exposure and cones inside our eye. Even after the

source of glare is removed, an after-image remains in our eye that creates a blind spot. This

phenomenon is called Troxler effect. There are many accidents caused due to Troxler effect. This

is more than enough to cause a disaster on the road. This Troxler effect is across all ages. Any

one exposed to sudden bright light experiences this Troxler effect.[3]

The various components used in the circuit are PCB (Plain Circuit Board), ARDUNIO,

LDR (Light dependent resistor), Two resistors (1K and 5K), LED (Red and Green), SENSOR

(Humidity sensor) etc. Murlikrishnan [3] worked on Headlights of vehicles pose a great danger
during night driving. The drivers of most vehicles use high, bright beam while driving at night.

This causes a discomfort to the person travelling from the opposite direction. He experiences a

sudden glare for a short period of time. This is caused due to the high intense headlight beam

from the other vehicle coming towards him from the opposite direction. He was expected to dim

the headlight to avoid this glare. This glare causes a temporary blindness to a person resulting in

road accidents during the night. To avoid such incidents, we have fabricated a prototype of

automatic headlight dimmer. This automatically switches the high beam into low beam thus

reducing the glare effect by sensing the

Chapter 3

Specifications

IC1: MC14023B

The B Series logic gates are constructed with P and N channel enhancement mode devices in a

single monolithic structure (Complementary MOS). Their primary use is where low power

dissipation and/or high noise immunity is desired.

Brief Data:

 Logic Family: 4023.

 Product: Single-Function Gate.
 Logic Function: NAND.
 Number of Gates: 3 Gate.
 Number of Input Lines: 3 Input.
 Number of Output Lines: 1 Output.
 High Level Output Current: -4.2mA.
 Low Level Output Current: 4.2mA.
 Propagation Delay Time: 300ns.
 Supply Voltage: 3~18V.
 Mounting Style: Through Hole.
 Package/Case: DIP-14.

Q1: BC327 45V 800mA PNP Transistor

BC327 is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and

electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least three terminals

for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's

terminals controls the current through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output)

power can be higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor can amplify a signal. Today,
some transistors are packaged individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated

circuits.

Features:-

• Advanced process technology

• Low error voltage
• Fast switching speed
• Full-voltage operation
• High power and current handling capability
Detailed Specifications:-

Transistor Polarity PNP

Collector-Emitter Breakdown Voltage
(BVCEO) 45VDC
Collector-Emitter Voltage (VCEO) 45VDC
Emitter-Base Voltage (VEBO) 5VDC
Continuous Collector Current (IC) 800mA
Output Capacitance (Cobo) 11pF
Transition Frequency (fT) 260MHz
DC Current Gain (hFE) 100-630
Operating Temperature Range -55 - 150°C
Power Dissipation (PD) 1.5W
Table 1 Datasheet for transistor Q1

D1: 1N4007, 1000V 1A Diodes

Often used for reverse voltage protection, the 1N4007 is a staple for many power, DC to DC step

up, and breadboard projects. 1N4007 is rated for up to 1A/1000V.

R1,R5: 22K = 2 pcs.

1/4 Watt
5% tolerance
Flame Retardant Coating
Stiff 24 gauge leads (0.022 inches, 0.55 mm) perfect for solderless plug-in breadboards
Carbon Film
R2-R4: 100K = 3 pcs

1/4 Watt
5% tolerance
Flame Retardant Coating
Stiff 24 gauge leads (0.022 inches, 0.55 mm) perfect for solderless plug-in breadboards
Carbon Film

Buzzer 12V

For production of warning sound

Operation of circuit

Figure 1 Headlight reminder circuit using Digital IC

If we forget to turn off the lights in the car or headlights on all night but in the morning you

could not even start the car Because batteries lose some voltage, we lets to build the warning

forgot off lights circuit better.

As perfect circuit in Figure 1. Use CMOS-IC no-MC14023B. Which is a NAND gate 3 input,

Quantity: 3, a small transistor and a Buzzer only.

When rotate the car ignition key switch to stop the engine. If turns off the small headlights and

opening the door out of the car, warning buzzer will sound immediately.

Figure 2: Internal Structure of the IC

The working principle.

The working of headlight alarm circuit in Figure 2. This circuit use all NAND gate, We see the

conditions that the buzzer has three reasons.

1. Rotate the Car ignition key switch to stop the engine. If engine not works also no voltage to

charges the car battery. The voltage at switch should of 0-volts or state is “0”.

2. Forgot turns off the small headlight show that headlight still current and voltage at it should

has about of 12-volts or state is “1”.

3. Opening the door to get out the car. The voltage may be 12 volts or 0 volts as each brand cars.

Suppose the voltage is “0”, or state “0” and conditions third item is the input signal to our circuit.
Then we see the 3 NAND gate input that we use. This gate is NAND, so if input is all “1” state,

will be output equals “0” and it is the only case to the output is “0”.

If others input will has output is “1” all the times.

Use this features we will use this conditions cause the buzzer loud.

In when we need “1” so we need to reverse the logical state “0” to “1” by inverter. Which

in this case we use others NAND into inverter form to saving IC.

See in Figure 2. We will use NAND gate- I2 inside MC14023B is are a decision making

logic circuit. For I1 and I3 will be use as inverter gate to reverse the logical state of an incoming

signal.

In Figure 1 from terminal A, which will wiring to headlight switch. If forgot turns off

switch will has voltage is 12 volts. Therefore, is signal “1”. This signal will be connected to pin

1. Which is directly input of I2-NAND gate. The terminal B, which is connected to the door

switch, the signal this terminal is “0”, if the door is opened and the lamp in car is brightness, this

signal will be connected to through the I1-NAND gate, to reverse signal from “0” into “1”, Then

so entered in the input of I2 next.

In addition, the door switch of some brands may be connected with a 12 volts or state

“1”. We need to modify our circuit by connect this signal to input of I2 as Figure 2. Therefore,

your car in which form, should check it before assemble this project.

For the the car ignition key switch will connect to the terminal C, this signal will has

voltage is 0 volts. If stop engine. When is signal “0” so connect through I3 to reverse signal into

“1” then in to I2 again.

 The output of I2, which is pin 8 that is As a result, the decision conditions to be used to

the buzzer loud. If we want to buzzer loud when output is “0”, so use how to connecting through

resistor to drive the 2SC561- PNP-transistor.

When signal is “0” will has current flow from the power supply through emitter –

base ,resistor in to the gate. This current will be amplify as collector current to drive buzzer.

If output is “1” or voltage is 12 volts. Which equals the power supply voltage also will

noting have current flow in this section the buzzer so not loud.

In circuit has connecting as accessories for example: Resistor, Diode , R1 are connected

to protects a high voltage which may be the start switch.

The R2-R4 are resistors that connects to protect when Input is left alone Because the

switch Prevent electrostatic influence by reduce resistance input of CMOS down to same the

resistors only.

The 1N4001-diode is connected to protect a noise signal while running which Which may

be interrupting the operation of the circuit.

The case of Figure 1, there is NAND I1, which is not in use. Usually the gate is not in

use, do not leave it and let the input. because the CMOS has very high input resistance. May be

static or interference Itti’s easy. Should be connected to ground or the power supply.

The circuit assembly.

For ICs, transistor, and diode will use others that has any features comparable, Resistors

size ¼ watts Precision, 5, 10 or 20%. The buzzer is small size at 12 volts and current less than

100 mA.
 Soldering the wires on PCB should be tight. If this handset equipped with a vibration in

the car all the time. Wires may be detached easily. Should be soldered IC on PCB directly over

the IC socket.

Creating a project It is not difficult But is installed on the car is the more difficult, which

would be a function of your friends, if you want to do this project.

Conclusion

There are many headlight alarm systems available ranging from simple to complex &

expensive. Shown above is a very simple method to sound a buzzer if the ignition is turned off

while the headlights are turned on. All that is required is an automotive change-over relay and a

buzzer.
References
[1] (2021). Retrieved 10 November 2021, from https://www.instructables.com/Buzzing-

Headlight-Reminder/

[2] Wire A Simple Headlight Alarm | REDARC Electronics. (2021). Retrieved 10 November

2021, from https://www.redarc.com.au/how-to/wire-a-simple-headlight-alarm

[3] Headlight Reminder Circuit Diagram. (2021). Retrieved 10 November 2021, from

https://www.learningelectronics.net/circuits/headlight-reminder_18.html

[4] Headlight Reminder | Jaycar Electronics. (2021). Retrieved 10 November 2021, from

https://www.jaycar.com.au/headlight-reminder/p/KC5317