See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/271192242

AMPHIBIA

Chapter · January 2012

CITATIONS READS

0 1,252

2 authors:

Anand Dhananjay Padhye Hemant Ghate

Abasaheb Garware College Modern College Pune
63 PUBLICATIONS   325 CITATIONS    139 PUBLICATIONS   923 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Ecology of ladybird predators View project

Amphibians conservation View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Anand Dhananjay Padhye on 21 January 2015.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

PADHYE and GHATE : Amphibia 239

Zool. Surv. India

Fauna of Maharashtra, State Fauna Series, 20(Part 1) : 239-246, 2012

AMPHIBIA

A.D. PADHYE and H.V. GHATE*

Associate Professor, Department of Zoology, Abasaheb Garware College, Karve Road, Pune-411 004.
adpadhye@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION lacking. Forested areas such as Toranmal, Melghat,

The present study is a compilation of the known
species from published literature (see Reference
section) with a few additions based on our own
recent surveys (2008 to 2011). The notes are based
on our surveys carried out during the last few
years (1990 to 2011) in the various parts of the
state. The scientific names of most of the species
are as per the recent on-line publication of ZSI,
Kolkata, by Dinesh et al., 2011. The only
exception is that we have treated Duttaphrynus as
a subgenus of the genus Bufo following Teynié et
al., 2010.
Amphibian fauna of Maharashtra State is
represented by 53 species accounting about 15.5%
of the total number of species (336 including
recently described 9 species of Raorchestes, one
species of Polypedates and 12 species of
Nyctibatrachus from Western Ghats) found in
India. These belong to 2 orders (out of 3 Indian
orders), 9 families (out of 14 Indian families) and
22 genera (out of 54 Indian genera). We have
discussed in detail, the distribution, status, threats
as well as conservation issues of various species,
in our previous publications (Ghate and Padhye,
1996; Padhye and Ghate, 2002; Padhye et al.,
2002 and Dahanukar & Padhye, 2005).
Surveys of Western Ghats are done more
frequently by amphibian experts as well as amateur
herpetologists. However, herpetofaunal surveys of
arid and dry areas are also equally important but
Chikhaldara, Pench, Nagzira, Navegaon, Tadoba
etc. of the northern and eastern parts of
Maharashtra State would be of immense value.
These regions are not yet been fully explored for
the amphibian fauna.
Not only Western Ghats, but also the other
parts of the State are suffering from habitat loss
which is a major threat to the amphibian
populations. A new possible threat that is coming
up is the habitat loss by erection of wind mills
personal observations (ADP data being published
separately). Species such as Xanthophryne
koynayensis, Xanthophryne tigerinus as well as a
newly described species Nyctibatrachus danieli,
which are inhabitants of the plateaus, are subjected
to this new threat. Currently, plateaus near Patan,
which are inhabited by Xanthophryne koynayensis,
Nyctibatrachus danieli and Indotyphlus
maharashtraensis are used for erecting the
windmills. Further, during our recent surveys, we
have also noticed the amphibian limb deformities
from different areas in at least 6 different species.
This may be due to some parasite attack, as is
known from elsewhere in the world (Johnson and
Sutherland 2003), that is considered as an
emerging threat to amphibians (Kiesecker et al.,
2004). This could also be due to chemicals /
pollutants that cause abnormal development, as
there is ample literature published on this subject.
Recently, Gurushankara et al., (2007) have studied
morphological abnormalities in natural populations

*Head, Department of Zoology, Modern College, Shivajinagar, Pune-411 005. hemantghate@gmail.com

240
of common frogs inhabiting agro-ecosystems of
central Western Ghats. On this background,
detailed study of these emerging threats to
amphibian population is urgently required.
SYSTEMATIC LIST
Class AMPHIBIA Gray
Order ANURA Fischer von Waldheim
Family BUFONIDAE Gray
1. Bufo (Duttaphrynus) beddomii Gunther, 1876
Known by only one record from the collection
of WRC–ZSI (collected on 19th Sept. 1979 from
Wasumbe Tank, Vita). Recently (in August 2011)
we studied this specimen and compared it with
the other specimens of the same species, in the
collection of WRC–ZSI, collected from
Goorangoodi, South Kannada district of Karnataka
State, to confirm the identification. Further, we
tried to confirm the presence of this species from
the same locality on 9th Sept. 2011, however, no
specimens of the species could be observed.
2. Bufo (Duttaphrynus) melanostictus
Schneider, 1799
Common toad found all over the state. Breeds
even during the day time.
3. Bufo (Duttaphrynus) microtympanum
Boulenger, 1882
Not very commonly seen, not seen by us in
past 10 years of our study nor is any photographic
evidence of its presence in the state available.
4. Bufo (Duttaphrynus) parietalis
Boulenger, 1882
Not very commonly seen, not seen by us in
past 10 years of our study nor is any photographic
evidence of its presence in the state available.
5. Bufo (Duttaphrynus) scaber Schneider, 1799
Earlier not known from the state however it
was recently sighted in Nasik.
6. Bufo (Duttaphrynus) stomaticus Lutken, 1864
Not very common, however it is sometimes
seen even on the outskirts of Pune city.
Fauna of Maharashtra, State Fauna Series, 20
7. Pedostibes tuberculosus Gunther 1876
Known from only one locality in the state–
Koyna WLS (Dahanukar et al., 2004). However
there is no further report of this species, either
from Koyna WLS or from any where else from
Maharashtra state.
8. Xanthophryne koynayensis (Soman, 1963)
Common in the type locality–Humbrali village
near Koynanagar.
9. Xanthophryne tigerinus Biju, Bocxlaer, Giri,
Loader and Bossuyt, 2009
Common in the type locality – Amboli.
Family DICROGLOSSIDAE Anderson
10. Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Schneider, 1799)
Common, found all over the state. Usual habitat
is ponds, lakes, ephemeral freshwater pools, pools
on the sides of the river, etc.
11. Euphlyctis hexadactylus (Lesson, 1834)
Not known from any locality in recent years.
Known from only past literature.
12. Fejervarya limnocharis (Gravenhorst, 1829)
Known earlier as Rana limnocharis. According
to Frost, 2011, “At one time or another almost all
populations now considered to be members of
Fejervarya were construed to be of this species.
On the basis of molecular and morphological
studies the populations seemingly strictly
associated with the name Fejervarya limnocharis
are in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Laos, and
Cambodia, and populations from India,
Bangladesh, Japan and elsewhere associated with
this name are currently unnamed species.”
Therefore there may be some undescribed species
that are wrongly named as Fejervarya limnocharis.
Recently, Kuramato et al., 2007, described four
new species belonging to the genus Fejervarya
from central Western Ghats while Meenakshi et
al., 2010, tried to reveal the molecular resolution
of four species of Fejervarya from Western Ghats.
Thus, a detailed survey and DNA studies from
the state may change the species profile under the
genus from the state.
PADHYE and GHATE : Amphibia
13. Fejervarya brevipalmata (Peters, 1871)
Known from only few localities, common in
Koyna WLS and nearby areas as well as Amboli.
14. Fejervarya keralensis (Dubois, 1981)
A species very similar to F. keralensis is found
in some localities like Bhimashankar, Tamhini,
Khandala, Amboli etc. A few specimens from
Tamhini were identified as F. keralensis by Dr.
Sushil Dutta on the basis of which Padhye &
Ghate, 2002 and Padhye et al., 2002 have
mentioned its presence in the state. However it
needs to be confirmed by recent techniques of
DNA analysis.
15. Fejervarya nilagirica (Jerdon, 1854)
Very rare. A male and female was found from
Tamhini area 10 years back (Padhye & Ghate,
2002 and Padhye et al., 2002). A female was found
in the same locality in September 2011. Also found
in Nadhavde village, Sindhudurga district in July
2009.
16. Fejervarya rufescens (Jerdon, 1854)
Common in some pockets found in core parts
of Western Ghats at places such as Tamhini,
Khandala, Koyna, Amboli etc.
17. Fejervarya syhadrensis (Annandale, 1919)
Common, found all over the state.
18. Hoplobatrachus crassus (Jerdon, 1854)
Known from literature but not a very
distinguishable species from Hoplobatrachus
tigerinus. In fact Boulenger (1920) had treated
this as variety and this needs to be confirmed by
DNA studies.
19. Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Daudin, 1802)
Common, found all over the state. Shows
cannibalism.
20. Minervarya sahyadris Dubois, Ohler and
Biju, 2001
Known from Amboli, Common. Also seen in
Village Pendur, Sindhudurga District (2009) and
Village Velneshwar, Ratnagiri District (2010). Not
known from any other localities.
241
21. Sphaerotheca breviceps (Schneider, 1799)
Common, found all over the state. Interesting
burrowing frog. Shows cannibalism in captivity.
22. Sphaerotheca dobsonii (Boulenger, 1882)
Not very Common, found in some pockets in
core parts of Western Ghats at places such as
Tamhini, Khandala, Koyna, Amboli etc.
23. Sphaerotheca rolandae (Dubois, 1983)
Not very Common, found in some pockets in
eastern parts of the state such as Mahoor, Tadoba,
etc. Distinguished on the basis of a very minor
character – namely presence of tarso-metatarsal
tubercle and needs DNA confirmation.
Family MICROHYLIDAE Gunther
24. Kaloula taprobanica Parker, 1934
Was not known from the state earlier. Now
reported from Navegaon Bandh–a photographic
record was made in 2010 by Mr. Anirudh Chaoji,
Director, ‘Pugmarks’ an NGO from Pune.
25. Microhyla ornata (Dumeril and Bibron, 1841)
Common, found all over the state.
26. Microhyla rubra (Jerdon, 1854)
Known from Wasumbe Tank, Vita from only
one record from the collection of WRC–ZSI (19th
Sept. 1979). Recently (in August 2011) we studied
this specimen to confirm the identification. Further,
we tried to confirm the presence of this species
from the same locality on 9th Sept. 2011, however,
no specimens of the species could be observed.
27. Ramanella montana (Jerdon, 1854)
Not very Common, found in some pockets in
core parts of Western Ghats at places such as
Tamhini, Khandala, Koyna, Amboli etc.
28. Ramanella variegata (Stoliczka, 1872).
Presence of this species from Maharashtra is
evident from BNHS records and a recent record
from Navegaon Bandh WLS–a photographic
record was made in 2010 by Mr. Anirudh Chaoji.
242
29. Uperodon globulosus (Gunther, 1864)
Common, found all over the state. Another
interesting burrowing frog.
30. Uperodon systoma (Schneider, 1799)
Not very common. Recently reported from
eastern parts of Pune District and western parts of
Solapur District–Photographic record was by
Amod Zambre a student of Abasaheb Garware
College.
Family NYCTIBATRACHIDAE Blommers-
Schlosser
31. Nyctibatrachus humayuni Bhaduri and
Kripalani, 1955
Common in the Western Ghats streams in the
state.
32. Nyctibatrachus major Boulenger, 1882
A few specimens from Tamhini were identified
as Nyctibatrachus major by Dr. M.S.
Ravichandran on the basis of which Padhye &
Ghate, 2002 and Padhye et al., 2002 have
mentioned its presence in the state. However it
needs to be confirmed by recent techniques of
DNA analysis.
33. Nyctibatrachus petraeus Das and Kunte,
2005
Common in Amboli.
34. Nyctibatrachus danieli Biju, Bocxlaer,
Mahony, Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Zachariah,
Giri & Bossuyt, 2011
Known from two localities–Amboli and Village
Humbrali, near Koynanagar.
Family RANIDAE Rafinesque
35. Clinotarsus curtipes (Jerdon, 1854)
Common, but known only from Amboli.
36. Hylarana aurantiaca (Boulenger, 1904).
Known only from one locality Thoseghar, Near
Satara (Padhye & Ghate, 2002). A population still
exists in this small pocket, confirmed recently in
Sept. 2011.
Fauna of Maharashtra, State Fauna Series, 20
37. Hylarana malabarica (Tschudi, 1838)
Common. Found all over the western parts of
the state. Also Known from Tadoba (Padhye &
Ghate, 2002).
38. Hylarana temporalis (Gunther, 1864)
Common in Amboli, Koyna WLS and
Mahabaleshwar. Observed near the forest campsite
at Vasota Fort in 2008 and on the banks of Ozarde
waterfall near village Navja as well as a waterfall
near Village Humbrali – Koynanagar in September
2011.
Family RANIXALIDAE Dubois
39. Indirana beddomii (Gunther, 1876)
Common, found in Western Ghats at places
such as Tamhini, Khandala, Koyna, Amboli,
Bhimashankar, Ghatghar, etc.
40. Indirana leithii (Boulenger, 1888)
Common, found in Western Ghats at places
such as Tamhini, Khandala, Koyna, Amboli,
Bhimashankar, Ghatghar, etc.
41. Indirana phrynoderma (Boulenger, 1882)
Single specimen from Tamhini was identified
as Indirana phrynoderma by Dr. Sushil Dutta on
the basis of which Padhye & Ghate, 2002 and
Padhye et al., 2002 have mentioned its presence
in the state. However it needs to be confirmed by
recent techniques of DNA analysis.
Family RHACOPHORIDAE Hoffman
42. Polypedates leucomystax (Gravenhorst, 1829)
Known only from the literature. This species
was included in the list of Amphibia of
Maharashtra as Rhacophorus leucomystax by
Ravichandran and Pillai (1990).
43. Polypedates maculatus (Gray, 1830)
Once Common, found all over the Western
Ghats and the eastern parts of the state such
as Tadoba. Declining very fast due to
deforestation.
PADHYE and GHATE : Amphibia
44. Pseudophilautus amboli (Biju and
Bossuyt, 2009)
Described from Amboli and Amba. (Earlier
known as Philautus leucorhinus). Known from
many parts of the state. In our surveys in 2009, it
was found in Village Belne and Pendur,
Sindudurga district, Village Panchanadi, near
Dapoli, and village Velneshvar, Ratnagiri district
as well as from Koynanagar in September 2011.
45.Raorchestes bombayensis (Annandale, 1919)
Common, found all over the Western Ghats of
the state.
46. Raorchestes glandulosus (Jerdon, 1854)
A few specimen from Tamhini were identified
as Philautus glandulosus by Dr. Sushil Dutta on
the basis of which Padhye & Ghate, 2002 and
Padhye et al., 2002 have mentioned its presence
in the state. However it needs to be confirmed by
recent techniques of DNA analysis.
47. Raorchestes tuberohumerus (Kuramoto and
Joshy, 2003)
Known from Amboli as well as Koyna (WLS).
A photographic record of its presence from Amboli
by Mr. Rohan Pandit, a student of Abasaheb
Garware College was further confirmed during
our surveys in 2009. During our surveys in 2002
it was observed in Thoseghar near Satara. This
was confirmed during the recent surveys in
September 2011. It was also observed near the
forest campsite at Vasota Fort in 2008.
Order GYMNOPHIONA Muller
Family CAECILIIDAE Rafinesque
48. Gegeneophis danieli Giri, Wilkinson and
Gower, 2003
Known from the type locality near Amboli.
49. Gegeneophis seshachari Ravichandran,
Gower and Wilkinson, 2003
Known only from the type locality Dorle
Village, Ratnagiri District the type specimen was
collected by P.W. Soman in 1967. The species
was rediscovered in 2003 by Varad Giri and others
at the same locality.
243
50. Indotyphlus battersbyi Taylor, 1960
Known from the type locality and nearby areas.
51. Indotyphlus maharashtraensis Giri, Gower
and Wilkinson, 2004
Known only from the type locality.
Family ICHTHYOPHIIDAE Taylor
52. Ichthyophis beddomei Peters 1880
Known only from Amboli.
53. Ichthyophis bombayensis Taylor, 1960
Common according to Gower et al., 2007,
Ichthyophis malabarensis Taylor, 1960;
Ichthyophis peninsularis Taylor, 1960 and
Ichthyophis subterrestris Taylor, 1960 are
considered to be junior synonyms of Ichthyophis
bombayensis Taylor, 1960.
SUMMARY
An inventory of 53 amphibian species
belonging to 22 genera spread over 9 families is
presented from the Maharashtra State.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Authors are thankful to the students as well as
the friends who have helped us in surveys. Special
thanks to Anushree Jadhav, Sheetal Shelke, Rohan
Pandit, Ankur Padhye, Neelesh Dahanukar,
Mandar Paingankar, Sanjay Khatavkar, Rajgopal
Patil, Vivek Vishwasrao, Shri Satish Kamble and
Satish Pande who helped us during the recent
surveys from 2009 to 2011. Thanks to Amod
Zambre, Hemant Ogale and Anirudh Chaoji for
providing valuable information to update this list.
Thanks are also due to the authorities of M.E.S.’
Abasaheb Garware College, Pune and Modern
College, Shivajinagar, Pune, for the facilities and
encouragement. We are also thankful to Dr. K.
Venkatraman, Director, Zoological Survey of
India, Kolkata and Dr. R.M. Sharma, Scientist-D
& Officer-in-Charge, Zoological Survey of India,
Pune for providing the opportunity to contribute
to this Fauna volume.
244 Fauna of Maharashtra, State Fauna Series, 20

REFERENCES

Bhat, G.K. 1997. Caecilian Diversity of Western Ghats : In Search of Rare Animals. Current Science,
73(2) : 183-187.
Biju S.D. and F. Bossuyt 2009. Systematics and phylogeny of Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Anura,
Rhacophoridae) in the Western Ghats of India, with descriptions of 12 new species. Zoological
Journal of the Linnean Society, 155 : 374-444.
Biju S.D., I. Van Bocxlaer, S. Mahony, K.P. Dinesh, C. Radhakrishnan, A. Zachariah, V. Giri and F.
Bossuyt 2011. A taxonomic review of the Night Frog genus Nyctibatrachus Boulenger, 1882
in the Western Ghats, India (Anura: Nyctibatrachidae) with description of twelve new species.
Zootaxa, 3029 : 1-96.
Bossuyt F. and A. Dubois 2001. A review of the frog genus Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Amphibia, Anura,
Ranidae, Rhacophorinae). Zeylanica, 6(1) : 1-112.
Boulenger, G.A. 1890. Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Reptilia and Batrachia.
Taylor and Francis, London.
Boulenger, G.A. 1920. A monograph of the South Asian, Papuan, Melanesian and Australian frogs of
the genus Rana. Rec. Indian Museum, 20 : 1-226.
Chanda, S.K. 1994. Anuran (Amphibia) Fauna of Northeast India. Memoirs of Zoological Survey of
India, 18(2) : 1-143.
Chanda, S.K. 2002. Hand book of Indian Amphibians. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India.
335pp.
Dahanukar N., A.D. Padhye, G.P. Salelkar and H. V. Ghate 2004. Aktueller Beleg für die Malabar-
Baumkrofte, Pedostibes tuberculosus Günther, 1876, in Indien. Sauria (Berlin-Germany), 26(3)
: 17-20.
Dahanukar N. and A.D. Padhye 2005. Amphibian diversity and distribution in Tamhini, northern
Western Ghats, India. Current Science, 88(9) : 1496-1501.
Daniel, J.C. 1963. Field guide to the amphibians of western India. Parts 1 & 2. J. Bombay Nat. Hist.
Soc., 60: part 1: 415-438; part 2: 690-702.
Daniel, J.C. 1974. Amphibia in “Gazetteer of India, Maharashtra State Gazetteers, General Series:
Fauna” Editor B. G. Kunte. Govt. of Maharashtra Publication.
Daniel, J.C. 1975. Field guide to the amphibians of western India Part 3. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc.,
72 : 506-522.
Daniel, J.C. and A.G. Sekar 1989. Field guide to the Amphibians of western India, Part 4 in J. Bombay
nat. Hist. Soc., 86 : 194-203.
Daniels, R.J.R. 1997a. A field-guide to amphibians of Western Ghats, India, Part I. Cobra, 27 : 1-25.
Daniels, R.J.R. 1997b. A field-guide to amphibians of Western Ghats, India, Part II. Cobra, 28 :
1-24.
Daniels, R.J.R. 1997c. A field-guide to amphibians of Western Ghats, India, Part III. Cobra, 29 :
1-13.
Dinesh, K.P., C. Radhakrishnan, K.V. Gururaja and G.K. Bhatta 2009. Anannotated checklist of
PADHYE and GHATE : Amphibia 245

Amphibia of India with some insights into the patterns of species discoveries, distribution and
endemism. Records of Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper No., 302 : 1-153pp.
Dinesh K.P., C. Radhakrishnan, K.V. Gururaja, K. Deuti and G. Bhatta 2011. A Checklist of Amphibia
of India Updated till June 2011, Online Version.
Dubois A. and A. Ohler 1999. Asian and Oriental toads of the Bufo melanostictus, Bufo scaber and
Bufo stejnegeri sp. groups (Amphibia, Anura): a list of available and valid names and redescription
of some name-bearing types. J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 4(2) : 133-180.
Dutta, S.K. 1986. Comments on the species status and distribution of Tomopterna dobsonii Boulenger
(Anura : Ranidae) in India. Rec. zool. Surv. India, 83(1&2) : 123-127.
Dutta, S. K. 1992. Amphibians of India: Updated species list with distribution record. Hamadryad, 17
: 1-13.
Dutta, S.K. 1997. Amphibians of India and Sri Lanka (Checklist and Bibliography). Odyssey Publishing
House. Bubaneswar, Orissa, India. 342 pp.
Frost, D.R. 2011. Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference. Version 5.5 (31 January,
2011). http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/American Museum of Natural History,
New York, USA.
Ghate, H.V. and A.D. Padhye 1996. Impact of urbanization on amphibians of Pune. ZOOS’ PRINT,
11 : 14-16.
Giri V., D.J. Gower and M. Wilkinson 2004. A new species of Indotyphlus Taylor (Amphibia:
Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae) from the Western Ghats, India. Zootaxa, 739 : 1-19.
Giri V., M. Wilkinson and D.J. Gower 2003. A new species of Gegeneophis Peters (Amphibia:
Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae) from southern Maharashtra, India, with a key to the species of the
genus. Zootaxa, 351 : 1-10.
Gower D.J., M. Dharne, G. Bhatta, V. Giri, R. Vyas, V. Govindappa, O.V. Oommen, J. George, Y.
Shouche & M. Wilkinson 2007. Remarkable genetic homogeneity in unstriped, long-tailed
Ichthyophis along 1500 km of the Western Ghats, India. Journal of Zoology, 272 : 266-275.
Gower D.J. & V. Giri and M. Wilkinson 2007. Rediscovery of Gegeneophis Seshachari Ravichandran,
Gower & Wilkinson, 2003 At The Type Locality (Amphibia : Gymnophiona : Caeciliidae).
Herpetozoa, 19(3/4) : 121-127.
Gurushankara H.P., S.V. Krishnamurthy and V. Vasudev 2007. Morphological abnormalities in natural
populations of common frogs inhabiting agroecosystems of central Western Ghats. Applied
Herpetology, 4(1) : 39-45.
Inger, R.F. and S. K. Dutta 1986. An overview of the amphibian fauna of India. J. Bombay nat. Hist.
Soc., 83(Supplement) : 135-146.
Johnson P.T.J. and D.R. Sutherland 2003. Amphibian deformities and Rebeiroia infection: an emerging
helminthiasis. Trends in Parasitology, 19(8) : 332-335.
Kamble, S.S. and H. V. Ghate 1994. First record of Microhyla rubra (Jerdon), (Amphibia : Anura)
from Maharashtra. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 91 : 150-151.
Kiesecker J.M., L.K. Belden, K. Shea and M. Rubbo 2004. Amphibian decline and emerging disease.
American Scientist, 92 : 138-147.
 246 Fauna of Maharashtra, State Fauna Series, 20

Kuramoto, M., S.H. Joshy, A. Kurabayashi & M. sumida 2007. The genus Fejervarya (Anura: Ranidae)
in central Western Ghats, India, with description of four new cryptic species. Current Herpatalogy,
26(2) : 81-105.
Li J., D. Rao, R.W. Murphy and Y. Zhang 2011. The Systematic Status of Rhacophorid Frogs. Asian
Herpetological Research, 2(1) : 1-11.
Meenakshi, K., T. Suraj, S.S. Bhagwati, V.G. Sujith, K. Santhoshkumar and S. George 2010. Molecular
resolution of four Species Fejervarya from Western Ghats (India) with their intrageneric
phylogeny based on COI, Cyt B, 12S and 16S rRNA Genes. Asian Journal of Experimental
Biological Sciences, 194 : 782-786.
Padhye, A.D. and H.V. Ghate 2002. An overview of amphibian fauna of Maharashtra state. Zoos’
Print Jornal, 17 : 735-740.
Padhye, A. D., M. Mahabaleshwarkar and H. V. Ghate 2002. An overview of amphibia fauna of Pune
district with special reference to their status in and around Pune city. Zoos’ Print Jornal, 17 :
757-763.
Paranjape, S.Y. and L. Mulherkar 1979. On the survey of amphibian fauna in and around Pune.
Journal of University of Poona. Science and Technology, 52 : 423-434.
Pillai R.S. (1982). Notes on Rana dobsonii Boulenger. Rec. zool. Surv. India, 79 : 363-365.
Ravichandran M.S., D.J. Gower and M. Wilkinson 2003. A new species of Gegeneophis Peters
(Amphibia : Gymnophiona : Caeciliidae) from Maharashtra, India. Zootaxa, 350 : 1-8.
Ravichandran, M.S. and R.S. Pillai 1990. Amphibia of Maharashtra with description of a new species
of torrent toad, Ansonia. Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 86 : 505-513. (actual date of publication of this
issue is probably 1995).
Ravichandran, M.S. and R.S. Pillai 1999. Fauna of Gymnophiona of India. Occasional paper No., 172,
Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta.
Sekar, A.G. 1991. Distribution of amphibian fauna of India. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 88 : 125-127.
Sekar, A.G. 1999. Four new records and checklist of amphibians from Maharashtra. J. Bombay nat.
Hist. Soc., 96(1) : 152-157.
Teynié A., P. David and A. Ohler 2010. Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from
Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo. Zootaxa,
2416 : 1-43.
Yazdani, G.M. and A. Mahabal 1976. Amphibians of Poona. Newsletter of the Zoological Survey of
India, 2 : 138-139.

View publication stats