CHILD

DEVELOPMENT

Edwin Menguito,
MD
 INFANCY

1. PARTUNATE
15-30 minutes after birth

2. NEONATE
up to 4 weeks
CHARACTERISTICS OF INFANCY

• SHORTEST
• RADICAL ADJUSTMENT
• PLATEAU in DEVELOPMENT
• HAZARDOUS
 BABYHOOD
1. TRUE FOUNDATION AGE
2. RAPID GROWTH AND CHANGE
3. INCREASED INDIVIDUALITY
4. DECREASED DEPENDENCE
5. SOCIALIZATION BEGINS
6. SEX-ROLE TYPING BEGINS
7. APPEALING AGE
8. CREATIVITY BEGINS
9. HAZARDOUS AGE
 EARLY CHILDHOOD A.K.A.
• Problem or Troublesome Age
• Toy Age
• Pre-school age
• Pre-gang age
• Exploratory age
• Imitative age
• Creative age
 DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS
1. Skills for games
2. Attitudes towards self
3. Getting along with peers
4. Appropriate social role
5. Skills in 3Rs
6. Concepts
7. Conscience
8. Attitudes toward social group and institution
 EMOTIONS
ANGER

FEAR

JEALOUSY

CURIOUSITY

ENVY

JOY

GRIEF

AFFECTION
 SOCIALIZATION
ASSOCIATES

PLAYMATES

FRIENDS
 PLAY
• TOYS
• DRAMATIZATION
• GAMES
• READING
• TV, RADIO, MOVIES
• CONSTRUCTIVE
 CONCEPTS

LIFE DEATH SPACE NUMBER

WEIGHT TIME SELF SEX ROLES

BODILY SOCIAL
BEAUTY COMIC
FUNCTIONS AWARENESS
 DISCIPLINE

• AUTHORITARIAN
• PERMISSIVE
• DEMOCRATIC
 PERSONALITY TYPES
• EASY CHILDREN
• DIFFICULT CHILDREN
• SLOW-TO –WARM UP CHILDREN
 PHYSICAL

HAZARDS
• ILLNESS
• OBESITY
• 1. • ACCIDENTS
• DISABILITIES
• AWKWARDNESS
• HOMELINESS
PSYCHOLOGICAL
• SPEECH
• PLAY
• EMOTIONAL
• CONCEPTUAL
• SOCIAL
• MORAL
 SPEECH DEVELOPMENT
• INTELLIGENCE
• DISCIPLINE
• ORDINAL POSITION
• FAMILY SIZE
• SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
• SEX ROLE TYPING
 LATE CHILDHOOD
• Troublesome age
• Sloppy age
• Quarrelsome age
• Elementary school age
• Gang age
• Age of conformity
• Play age
 ADOLESCENCE

• INDEPENDNCE
• IDENTITY
• IMPULSE CONTROL
• MORAL VALUES FORMATION
 OPTIMAL ENVIRONMENT
1. STABLE
2. PREDICTABLE
3. WITH BASIC NEEDS
1. Material
2. Protection
3. Affection
4. Approval
5. Acceptance
6. Discipline
7. New experiences
PeRSoNaLiTY
DeVeLoPMeNT
FREUD’S STAGES OF
PSYCHOSEXUAL
DEVELOPMENT
 ORAL PHASE

• first 12-18 months of life

• Pre-occupation with feeding experience
• Pleasure derived mainly through mouth
• Tension relieved by sucking and swallowing
• Oral sucking stage –passive phase
• Biting stage – aggressive phase
 ANAL PHASE

• 18th month until end of third year

• Centered on bowel and excretory functions
• Tension relieved by evacuation of the bowels
and the bladder
• Learns to adjust to the demands of others
• Ego and foundation of superego
development is laid

• Pre-genital or narcissistic phase – oral +anal

phase
 PHALLIC PHASE

• End of 3 yrs to 6 years

• Awareness of genitalia
• Child’s libido is directed outward and
requires others for its satisfaction
• OEDIPUS COMPLEX
• CASTRATION ANXIETY
• ELECTRA COMPLEX
 LATENCY PERIOD

• 6 to 12 years old
• Interest in new task experiences and
personalities
• Sexual impulses utilized in intellectual
curiosity, sexual energy redirected to play
activity
• Group play and group acceptance
• Normal homosexual phase of development
 GENITAL PHASE

• Begins with puberty

• Capacity for object love and mature
heterosexuality
• Concerned primarily with love object

• Unhealthy behavior is motivated by

unresolved conflict that remains in the
unconscious.
ERIK ERIKSON
PSYCHOSOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
 INFANCY
• Age: 0-18 months
• Psychosocial Crisis: Trust vs. Mistrust
• Virtue: Hope
• Developmental tasks or social expectancy:
• Walking, feed self, respond to others

• Period of elementary socialization

• Relationships during this period are very
important because they form basis for all
later relationships
 EARLY CHILDHOOD
• Age: 18 mos to 3 years
• Psychosocial Crisis: Autonomy vs. Shame
& Doubt
• Virtue: Will
• Developmental tasks or social expectancy:
• Talking, toilet training, locomotor
independence
 GENITAL STAGE
• Age: 3 to 6 years
• Psychosocial Crisis: Initiative vs. Guilt
• Virtue: Purpose
• Developmental tasks or social expectancy:
• Preschool activity, play with others, own sex
identification

• Period of domestic socialization

• Concept of self is developed and the child learns
to distinguish himself to the rest of the world
 LATE CHILDHOOD/LATENCY
STAGE
• Age: 6 to 12 years
• Psychosocial Crisis: Industry vs. Inferiority
• Virtue: Competence
• Developmental tasks or social expectancy:
• School tasks, like sex attraction, grow up

• Latency period
• Communal socialization
• Association with other children is a vital learning
experience
 ADOLESCENCE
• Age: 12 to 18 years
• Psychosocial Crisis: Identity vs. Role diffusion
• Virtue: Fidelity
• Developmental tasks or social expectancy:
• Physiological changes, independence from
parents, sexual attraction, becoming a man and
woman

• Period of life with conflict

• Maturing of the sexual drive
• Sexual maturity is usually not coincident to social
maturity
 ADULTHOOD
• Age: 18 to 40 years
• Psychosocial Crisis: Intimacy vs Isolation
• Virtue: Love
• Developmental tasks or social expectancy:
• Job career decision, marriage and ability to
give and receive love.
• Responsibility for own life decision

• Period of achievement and maintenance of

comparative stability
 MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
• Age: 40 to 60 years
• Psychosocial Crisis: Generativity vs Stagnation
• Virtue: Care
• Developmental tasks or social expectancy:
• Family responsibility, advance in career, long
range goals, assumes citizenship duties,
parenthood problems

• Period of achievement and maintenance of

comparative stability
 LATE ADULTHOOD(old age)
• Age: 60 plus
• Psychosocial Crisis: Ego Integrity vs. Despair
• Virtue: Wisdom
• Developmental tasks or social expectancy:
• Accomplishment in career, confidence about
future, retirement, preparation, dancing the end
of the road.
• Parenthood teenager, being a grandparent,
separation from marriage partner

• The problems of aging are centered in the gradual

decline of adaptive powers and the heightened
attack upon the self-image and self-respect.
FILIPINO PERSONALITY
• Influenced By:
• Child Rearing Practices
• The Family
• Cultural Values
CHILD REARING PRACTICES
• Feeding The Baby
• Obedience and Punishment
• Health and Cleanliness
• Child’s Fears
• Learning About Sex
THE FILIPINO FAMILY
• Functions
• Classifications
• Effects Of Modernization
• Dysfunctional Families
• Family Problems
• Healthy Families
FILIPINO CULTURAL VALUES
• Aims, Goals and Aspirations
• Beliefs and Convictions
• Norms and Principles
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
• ADAPTIVE
• Repression – most basic
• Sublimation –most adaptive
• Identification – personality development
• Fantasy
• Reaction Formation
• Restitution
• Compensation
• Substitution
• Rationalization
• Isolation
DEFENSE MECHANISM
• Regression
• Fixation
• Displacement
• Projection
• Undoing
• Denial ( of Reality )
MAUTRITY IS ……….
• The ability to control one’s anger and settle differences
without violence and destruction
• Is patience. It is the willingness to pass up immediate
gratification when necessary in favor of long term gain
• Is perseverance. The ability to sweat out a project or a
situation in spite of heavy opposition and discouraging
setback
• Is the capacity to face unpleasantness and frustration,
discomfort and defeat without complaint or collapse
MATURITY IS…………
• Is humility. It is being big enough to say, “I was wrong.”
and, when you are right, it is being big enough not to
say, “I told you so.”
• Is the ability to make decisions and follow through. The
immature spends their lives exploring endless
possibilities and then doing nothing
• Means dependability, keeping one’s word and remaining
committed through a crisis. The immature are masters
of the alibi. They are conflicted and disorganized. Their
lives are a maze of broken promises, former friends,
unfinished business and good intentions that never
materialize
MATURITY IS……….
• Epitomized by what is called the Serenity Prayer. “Grant
me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change; the
courage to change the things I can change, and the
wisdom to know the difference.”

• Is learning to forgive others and yourself

Thank you!