AMITY COLLEGE OF NURSING

AMITY UNIVERSITY HARYANA

ASSIGNMENT ON
THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
Submitted to: Dr. Poonam Sharma Submitted By : Jyoti Punia
Associate professor M.sc 2nd Sem
ACON ACON
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Conceptualization is a process of forming ideas, designs and plans.

Polit and Hungler (1999), states, “A conceptual framework deals with the concepts assembled together by virtue of their relevance to the research
problem which provides a certain framework of references for clinical practice research and education.

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

A theoretical framework is analogous to the frame of the house.

Just as the foundation supports a house, a theoretical framework provides a rationale for predictions about the relationships among variables of a
research study.

THEORY: A theory is a set of interrelated constructs, definitions, and propositions that present a systematic view of phenomena by specifying relations
among variables, with the purpose of explaining and predicting the phenomena.

Constructs are concepts adapted for a scientific purpose

Through research, scientists can develop, modify, or evaluate theories.

A deductive approach is used to evaluate and modify existing theory by testing predictions about relationships between observed phenomena.

 It provides a context for examining a problem i.e. theoretical rationale for:

 Developing hypotheses

 A frame of reference/base for

 Observations

 Definitions of concepts

 Research designs
 Interpretations

 Generalizations

 Serves as a guide to systematically identify logical, precisely defined relationships among variables

The Use of a Theoretical Framework as a Guide in a Research Study

The outcomes of the study must be viewed in terms of their support or lack of support of the chosen theoretical rationale

The theoretical framework plays an important role in guiding the entire process of the research study

If the framework is logically sound and substantiated by previous research studies, there is a strong possibility that the predictions or
hypotheses evolving from that framework will be supported

In some cases, a theoretical rationale in inappropriately used. e.g. a theory is designed to explain a particular behavior in infants may not
be appropriate for the study of those behaviors in adults

To Develop a Theoretical Framework:

1. Select concepts

a concept is an image or symbolic representation of an abstract idea. e.g. health, pain, intelligence …

2. Identify the interrelationships among concepts

A relationship may be:

a. invariable = scientific law e.g. laws of motion

No known contradiction has been observed

b. tentative or inconclusive = relationship that does not convey truth or falsity

 Laws and hypotheses are types of propositions

3. Formulating definitions: to develop a theoretical framework that can generate and test hypotheses, concepts must be clearly defined

A. Conceptual definition … conveys the general meaning of the concept

B. Operational definition … adds another dimension to the conceptual definition by delineating the procedures or operations required
to measure the concept

Some concepts are easily defined in operational terms, e.g. pulse, other concepts are more difficult to define operationally, e.g.
coping

4. Formulating the theoretical rationale

Through the literature review, an investigator becomes aware of or confirms identified theoretical connections between variables

In evaluating the formulation of the theoretical rationale, the internal structures, such as concepts and their definitions, should have
clarity and continuity, and the approach to understanding phenomena, whether inductive or deductive, should be logical

Contribution of Nursing Theories or Frameworks to Research

When developing a theoretical framework for nursing research studies, knowledge is acquired through:

 Disciplines other than nursing and borrowed for the purpose of answering nursing questions

 Identifying and asking questions about phenomena that are unique to nursing.

 Theories unique to nursing help nursing define how it is different from other disciplines

 The central phenomena of interest to nursing are persons, environment, health & nursing
  eg: A comparative study to assess the effectiveness among magnesium sulphate ointment, heparin ointment and cryotherapy on peripheral IV
catheter induced phlebitis in patients admitted in selected hospitals in Delhi and NCR.

The theoritical framework in this study is based on patient – centered approach theory of Faye Glenn Abdellah (1960). The problem solving method is
the basis for Abdellah’s mode. It was formulated as a remedy to the problem faced by nurses. The nursing problem presented by the patient is a condition
faced by the patient or family, which the nurse can assist him or them to meet through the performance of her professional functions.

Abdellah spoke about the patient centered approach, She wrote about nurses identifying and solving specific problems. This identification and
classification of problem was called the typology of 21 nursing problems. Abdellah’s typology was divided into three areas

1. Physical, sociological and emotional needs of the patient

2. Types of interpersonal relationship between the nurse and the patient

3. Common elements of patient care

 Abdellah’s theory has interrelated the concepts of health, nursing problems and problem solving as she attempts to create a different way of
viewing nursing phenomenon.

 Using Abdellah’s concepts of health, nursing problems, and problem solving, the theoretical statement of nursing that can be derived is the use of
the problem solving approach with key nursing problems related to health needs of people. From this framework, 21 nursing problems were
developed.

 Abdellah’s theory provides a basis for determining and organizing nursing care. The problems also provide a basis for organizing appropriate nursing
strategies.
 Abdellah wrote the nurse must be able to solve problems to give the best professional nursing care. This process, which closely resembles the steps of
the nursing process, involves identifying the problem, selecting data and formulating, testing and revising hypotheses.

According to Abdellah, the patient will not receive quality-nursing care if the steps to problem solving are done incorrectly.

According to Faye Glenn Abdellah problem-solving approach consists of identification of problem, assessment of problem, intervention, implementation
and evaluation.

In this study, the identification of problem is patient with phlebitis.

Assessment phase of phlebitis, by VIP scale and pain by NPRS scale and assess the redness, swelling, tenderness, hotness, sloughing, loss of function and
pain perception.

In intervention phase for reduction of phlebitis by cold application, heparin application and magnesium sulphate application.

Implementation of cold application: Application of ice in a plastic pouch for 15 minutes, three times a day for three days.

Implementation of heparin application: Application of heparin ointment by gentle massage, three times a day for three days.

Implementation of magnesium sulphate application: Application of magnesium-sulphate solution in gauze dressing, three times a day for three days.

Evaluation phase shows the reduction of phlebitis or no reduction.

Present study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of cold application, heparin application and magnesium sulphate application on superficial
phlebitis among the patient.
 PROBLEM
IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM
PROBLEM SOLVING APPROACH EVALUATION
ASSESMENT OF PHLEBITIS OUTCOME
INTERVENTION FOR IMPLEMENTATION
BY VIP AND NPRS.
REDUCTION OF PHLEBITIS

Application of ice in a plastic pouch for 15minutes, three times a day.

RednesssSwelling CRYO- THERAPY

REDUCTIONOF Phlebitis
Tenderness
Application
HEPARIN of Heparin Ointment by gentle massage, Three times a day
APPLICATION
Hardness
PHLEBITIS PAIN PERCEPTION
Hotness NO REDUCTION OF Phlebitis
Sloughing MAGNESIUM SULPHATE
Application APPLICATION
of magnesium Sulphate in a gauge dressing,Three times a day
Loss of function

FEEDBACK

DEVELOPMENT OF PROBLEM SOLVING APPROACH FOR PHLEBITIS

DEVELOPMENT OF PROBLEM SOLVING APPROACH FOR PHLEBITIS

VIP- Visual infusion phlebitis scale NPRS- Numerical pain rating scale

Figure 1 : Theoritical Framework Based on Patient Centered Approach by Faye Glenn Abdellah (1960)
 REFERENCES

. Polit & Hungler.. Nursing Research Principles and Methods, 5th ed., Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott.1995

. Abdellah & Levine.. Better Patients Care Through Nursing Research, Philadelphia: McMillan Company.1981

. Suresh K sharma, Nursing Research & Statistics, 1st ed., Elsevier publication, 2011, page no.71-72 & 405