Key to English 9 – Test 1

Ex. 1
1A 2B 3C 4D 5B
hostel a building that provides cheap accommodation and meals to students,
workers or travellers
expect [transitive] to demand that somebody will do something because it is
their duty or responsibility
expect something (from somebody) Her parents expected high
standards from her.
expect something (of somebody) Are you clear what is expected of you?
expect somebody to do something They expected all their children to be
high achievers.
We are expected to work on Saturdays.
expect to do something I expect to be paid promptly for the work.
+ expect require, demand
desire (not used in the progressive tenses) (formal) to want something; to wish for
something
desire something  We all desire health and happiness.
desire (somebody/something) to do something Fewer people desire to
live in the north of the country.
6C 7A 8D 9A
refuse decline
10 D
Ex. 2
1
reptile any animal that has cold blood and skin covered in scales, and that lays
eggs. Snakes, crocodiles and tortoises are all reptiles.
Mesozoic adj of, denoting, or relating to an era of geological time
that began 250 000 000 years ago with the Triassic period and lasted about
185 000 000 years until the end of the Cretaceous period
era a period of time, usually in history, that is different from other periods because of
particular characteristics or events
the Victorian/modern/post-war era
When she left the firm, it was the  end of an era (= things were different
after that).
a new era of peace
+ era epoch, age
dominate (somebody/something) to control or have a lot of influence over
somebody/something, especially in an unpleasant way
As a child he was dominated by his father.
He tended to dominate the conversation.
+ dominate control, influence, exercise control over, be in control of
die out to stop existing
 This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.
die out become extinct, vanish, disappear
2
lizard a small reptile with a rough skin, four short legs and a long tail
mature adj (of a person, a tree, a bird or an animal) fully grown and developed
sexually mature a mature oak/eagle/elephant
Opposite immature
brontosaurus (plural brontosauruses or or brontosauri) a
very large dinosaur that ate plants and had four legs, a
very long neck and tail and a small head. Brontosaurus is now called apatosaurus
Brachiosaurus was even heavier than Brontosaurus.
Marsh put the wrong skull on a skeleton of Apatosaurus
and  declared it a new genus, Brontosaurus.
tyranosaures rex a large, carnivorous (see carnivore) dinosaur that walked on two
legs. Its name is from the Greek words meaning “tyrant” and “lizard” and
the Latin word for “king.”
carnivorous adj eating meat; consisting of meat
carnivorous mammals/plants a carnivorous diet
3
significantly adv in a way that is large or important enough to have an effect on
something or to be noticed
The two sets of figures are not significantly different.
Profits have increased significantly over the past few years.
Cretaceous the period between around 144 and 65 million years ago, in
which plants with flowers first appeared
In the Cretaceous, beetles and flies were the first pollinators.
Fossil remains from
the Cretaceous are  almost always found in sedimentary deposits.
hibernate (of animals) to spend the winter in a state like deep sleep
fur [uncountable] the soft thick mass of hair that grows on the body of some
animals
The cat carefully licked its fur.
chilly adj (especially of the weather or a place, but also of people) too cold to be
comfortable
It's chilly today. I was feeling chilly.
Answers
1B
reptile any animal that has cold blood and skin covered in scales, and that lays
eggs. Snakes, crocodiles and tortoises are all reptiles.
metabolism U singular (biology) the chemical processes in living things that
change food, etc. into energy and materials for growth
The body's metabolism is slowed down by extreme cold.
domination U control or power over somebody/something, especially in an
unpleasant way
 political domination
domination of somebody/something companies fighting for domination
of the software market
domination over somebody/something the history of male domination
over women
2C
infer to reach an opinion or decide that something is true on the basis of
information that is available
SYNONYM DEDUCE
infer something (from something) Much of the meaning must be inferred
from the context.
Readers are left to infer the killer’s motives.
infer that… It is reasonable to infer that the government knew about
these deals.
age era epoch
3B
emerge [intransitive] to start to exist; to appear or become known
After the elections opposition groups began to emerge.
the emerging markets of South Asia
emerge as something He emerged as a key figure in the campaign.
die out to stop existing
This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.
die out become extinct, vanish, disappear
4C
uniform adj not varying; the same in all parts and at all times
uniform rates of pay The walls were a uniform grey.
Growth has not been uniform across the country.
guarantee to make something certain to happen
guarantee something Tonight's victory guarantees the team's place in the
final.
guarantee somebody something These days getting a degree doesn't
guarantee you a job.
greatly adv (formal) (usually before a verb or participle) very much
People's reaction to the film has varied greatly.
a greatly increased risk Your help would be greatly appreciated.
The reports were greatly exaggerated.
5A
Ex. 3
set sth up to create something or start it
to set up a business
A fund will be set up for the dead men's families.
genius (plural geniuses) [countable] a person who is unusually intelligent or
artistic, or who has a very high level of skill, especially in one area
a  mathematical/comic, etc. genius He's a genius at organizing people.
1
create establish, found, institute, set up
prodigy a young person who is unusually intelligent or skilful for their age
a child/an infant prodigy a musical prodigy
Mozart was an infant prodigy, composing music at the age of four.
+ prodigy child genius, genius
2
fascinated adj very interested
The children watched, fascinated, as the picture began to appear.
fascinated by something I've always been fascinated by his ideas.
fascinated to see, learn, etc. They were fascinated to see that it was
similar to one they had at home.
aptitude U C natural ability or skill at doing something
SYNONYM TALENT
an  aptitude test (= one designed to show whether somebody has the
natural ability for a particular job or course of education)
aptitude for something She showed a natural aptitude for the work.
aptitude for doing something His aptitude for dealing with children got
him the job.
+ aptitude talent, gift, flair, facility
apparent adj [not usually before noun] easy to see or understand
SYNONYM OBVIOUS
Their devotion was apparent.
Then,  for no apparent reason, the train suddenly stopped.
apparent (from something) (that…) It was apparent from her face
that she was really upset.
apparent (to somebody) (that…) It soon became apparent to everyone
that he couldn't sing.
+ apparent evident, plain, obvious, clear
Q. 0 F. By the age of three, he had learned how to break into the program and change
sides every time the computer was about to declare checkmate.
about to on the point of, on the verge of, on the brink of
on/to the verge of something/of doing something very near to the moment when
somebody does something or something happens
He was on the verge of tears.
They are on the verge of signing a new contract.
checmate (also check) (in chess) a position in which one player cannot prevent his
or her king (= the most important piece) being captured and therefore loses the
game / thế bí
3
settle in/settle into sth to move into a new home, job, etc. and start to feel
comfortable there
How are the kids settling into their new school?
It’s not always easy for a new player to settle in.
 playground an outdoor area where children can play, especially at a school or in a
park
pastime something that you enjoy doing when you are not working
SYNONYM HOBBY
Watching television now seems to be the most popular national pastime.
+ pastime hobby, leisure activity, leisure pursuit
shuffle (something) to mix cards up in a pack / deck of playing cards before
playing a game
Shuffle the cards and deal out seven to each player.
pack (especially British English) (also deck North American English, British
English) [countable] a complete set of 52 playing cards
a pack of cards
During the earthquake, buildings collapsed like a pack of cards.
work sth out to calculate something
to work out the answer
4
occupied adj [not before noun] busy
occupied (doing something/in doing something/in something) He's
fully occupied looking after three small children.
occupied (with something/with doing something) Only half her time
is occupied with politics.
+ occupied busy, engaged
fault [uncountable] the responsibility for something wrong that has happened or
been done
Why should I say sorry when it's not my fault?
fault (that…) It was his fault that we were late.
fault (for doing something) It's your own fault for being careless.
Many people live in poverty through no fault of their own.
I think the owners are at fault (= responsible) for not warning us.
Q. 1 C. They suggested the possibility of moving him up a year but that was no answeer.
solve  resolve, work out, puzzle out, fathom
5
show through/show through sth to be able to be seen behind or under something
else
The writing on the other side of the page shows through.
(figurative) When he spoke, his bitterness showed through.Veins showed
through her pale skin.
Q. 2 A. but he didn't want to spend the money on sweets.
bucket (North American English also pail) [countable] an open container with a
handle, used for carrying or holding liquids, sand, etc.
a plastic bucket
(British English) They were playing on the beach with their buckets and
spades.
 sponge [countable] a piece of artificial or natural material that is soft and light and
full of holes and can hold water easily, used for washing or cleaning
a bath sponge (= to wash your body with in the bath)
(figurative) His mind was like a sponge, ready to absorb anything.
Wipe the surface with a damp sponge.
6
wire somebody/something up (to something) | wire somebody/something to
something to connect somebody/something to a piece of equipment
In the test, volunteers were wired up to brain monitors.
You can wire speakers to a flat-screen TV.
largely adv to a great extent; mostly or mainly
the manager who is largely responsible for the team’s victory
It was  largely a matter of trial and error.
+ largely mostly, mainly, chiefly
get [transitive] to go to a place and bring somebody/something back
SYNONYM FETCH
get somebody/something Quick—go and get a cloth!
get something for somebody Get a drink for John.
get somebody/yourself something Get John a drink.
Q. 3 D. From that day, school began to recede further and further into the background.
recede [intransitive] to move gradually away from somebody or away from a
previous position
The sound of the truck receded into the distance.
She watched his receding figure.
postpone put off, delay, defer, put back
7
draw sth up to make or write something that needs careful thought or planning
to draw up a contract/list
daydream (about sb/sth) to have pleasant thoughts that make you forget about the
present
I would spend hours daydreaming about a house of my own.
 generate something to produce or create something
to generate electricity/heat/power to generate income/profit
We need someone to generate new ideas.
value something (at something) (usu passive) to decide that something is
worth a particular amount of money
The property has been valued at over $2 million.
Q. 4 E. As a result, Torn has been offered employment around the globe frequentÌy by
corporations that he did not realize that he is still a schoolboy.
pursue something to do something or try to achieve something over a period of
time
to pursue a goal/an aim/an objective
We intend to pursue this policy with determination.
She wishes to pursue a medical career.
 + pursue strive for
Ex. 4
1B
spread [intransitive, transitive] to affect or make something affect, be known by,
or be used by more and more people
(+ adv./prep.) The disease spreads easily.
spread something to spread rumours/lies about somebody
fear terror, fright, horror, alarm, panic
2C
strike [intransitive, transitive] to happen suddenly and have a harmful or damaging
effect on somebody/something
Two days later tragedy struck.
strike somebody/something The area was struck by an outbreak of
cholera.
+ strike affect, afflict, hit
besiege something to surround a building, city, etc. with soldiers until the people
inside are forced to let you in
SYNONYM lay siege to something
Paris was besieged for four months and forced to surrender.
gust a sudden strong increase in the amount and speed of wind that is blowing
A gust of wind blew his hat off.
The wind was blowing in gusts.
3B 4A 5D
hurricane a violent storm with very strong winds, especially in the western
Atlantic Ocean
hurricane-force winds
Hurricane Betty is now approaching the coast of Florida.
6D 7C
hit (somebody/something) to have a bad effect on somebody/something
The tax increases will certainly hit the poor.
Rural areas have been worst hit by the strike.
Spain was one of the hardest hit countries.
+ hit strike affect, afflict
8C
forecaster a person who says what is expected to happen, especially somebody
whose job is to forecast the weather
a weather forecaster an economic forecaster
issue something (to somebody) to make something known formally
They issued a joint statement denying the charges.
The police have issued an appeal for witnesses.
issue publish, announce, broadcast
extreme adj not ordinary or usual; serious or severe
Children will be removed from their parents only in extreme
circumstances.
 extreme weather conditions
9D
dramatic adj (of a change, an event, etc.) sudden, very great and often surprising
a  dramatic increase/fall/change/improvement
dramatic results/developments/news
The announcement had a dramatic effect on house prices.
reminder (of somebody/something) | reminder (that…) something that makes you
think about or remember somebody/something, that you have forgotten or would
like to forget
The sheer size of the cathedral is a constant reminder of the power of
religion.
The incident served as a  timely reminder of just how dangerous
mountaineering can be.
10 A
give a second thought to to worry about, used in negative statements
Don't give a second thought to that broken vase.
crucial adj extremely important, because it will affect other things
SYNONYM CRITICAL, ESSENTIAL
a  crucial factor/issue/decision topics of crucial importance
crucial to/for something Winning this contract is crucial to the success of
the company.
crucial that…  It is crucial that we get this right.
Ex. 5
rock and roll (also rock ’n’ roll) [uncountable] a type of music popular in the
1950s with a strong beat and simple tunes
1 born
Mississippi a southern US state, also called the Magnolia State. 
2 His
Tennessee a south-eastern US state, also called the Volunteer State
3 music
pop (also pop music) [uncountable] popular music of the sort that has been
popular since the 1950s, usually with a strong rhythm and simple tunes, often
contrasted with rock, soul and other forms of popular music
rock, pop and soul
The eight compilations range from teen pop to classical.
country and western (abbreviation C & W) (also country music, country)
[uncountable] a type of music in the style of the traditional music of the southern and
western US
a country and western singer
5 by
gospel (also gospel music) [uncountable] a style of religious singing developed by
African Americans
a gospel choir
R&B abbreviation rhythm and blues
5 an
sensation [countable, usually singular, uncountable] very great surprise,
excitement, or interest among a lot of people; the person or the thing that causes this
surprise
News of his arrest  caused a sensation.
The band became a sensation overnight.
+ sensation great success, star attraction, talking point
6 of
era a period of time, usually in history, that is different from other periods because of
particular characteristics or events
the Victorian/modern/post-war era
When she left the firm, it was the  end of an era (= things were different
after that).
a new era of peace
+ era epoch, age, period, time
uniquely adv in a very special or unusual way
Her past experience made her uniquely suited to lead the campaign.
He was a uniquely gifted teacher.
challenge something to question whether a statement or an action is right,
legal, etc.; to refuse to accept something
SYNONYM DISPUTE
The story was completely untrue and was successfully challenged in
court.
She does not like anyone challenging her authority.
barrier a problem, rule or situation that prevents somebody from doing something,
or that makes something impossible
the removal of trade barriers
barrier to something  Lack of confidence is a psychological barrier to
success.
7 in
star (with/opposite somebody) (in something) to have one of the main parts in a
film/movie, play, etc.
She starred opposite Cary Grant in ‘Bringing up Baby’.
No one has yet been chosen for the starring role (= the main part).
acclaim [usually passive] to praise or welcome somebody/something publicly
acclaim somebody/something a  highly/widely acclaimed performance
acclaim somebody/something as something The work was acclaimed as
a masterpiece.
+ acclaim praise, applaud, commend, speak highly of, eulogize, compliment
record-breaking adj (only before n) having achieved a better result or higher
level than has ever been achieved before
a record-breaking jump
8 than
 artist (also artiste) a professional entertainer such as a singer, a dancer or an
actor
a  recording/solo artist
Among the artistes appearing on our show tonight we have…
He was a true artiste: sensitive, dramatic and tragic.
sales [plural] the number of items sold
Retail sales fell in November by 10%.
Export sales were up by 32% last year. the sales figures for May
a  sales drive/campaign  (= a special effort to sell more)
platinum disc a platinum record in a frame, given to a singer, etc. who has sold a
very high number of records
Grammy (Grammies, Grammys) one of the awards for achievement in the music
industry given every year by the US National Academy of Recording Arts and
Sciences
nomination U C the act of suggesting or choosing somebody as a candidate in
an election, or for a job or an award; the fact of being suggested for this
Membership of the club is by nomination only.
He won the nomination as Democratic candidate for the presidency.
outstanding adj extremely good; excellent
an outstanding player/achievement/success
an area of outstanding natural beauty
9 as 10 most
figure [countable] a person of the type mentioned
a  leading figure in the music industry
a political figure a figure of authority
popular adj [only before noun] (sometimes disapproving) suited to the taste and
knowledge of ordinary people
popular music/culture/fiction the popular press
The band's success is largely due to the popular appeal of the lead singer.
Ex. 6
1 happily
cruise a journey by sea, visiting different places, especially as a holiday/vacation
I'd love to go on a round-the-world cruise.
a luxury cruise ship
go on, take She used all her savings to go on a world cruise.
2 expensive 3 wealthy
wealthy rich, affluent, well off, well-to-do, prosperous
put sth aside to save something or keep it available to use
We put some money aside every month for our retirement.
I put aside half an hour every day to write my diary.
4 savings 5 departure
delighted very pleased, glad, happy, joyful, thrilled
thrilled adj very excited and pleased
 thrilled (about/at/with something) He was thrilled at the prospect of
seeing them again.
thrilled (to do something) I was thrilled to be invited.
thrilled (that…) (British English) She was thrilled to bits (= extremely
pleased)  that he'd been offered the job.
6 luxurious
luxurious adj very comfortable; containing expensive and enjoyable things
SYNONYM SUMPTUOUS a luxurious hotel
luxurious surroundings The car felt luxurious.
Opposite spartan
spartan adj (of conditions) simple or severe; lacking anything that makes life
easier or more pleasant
the spartan life of the training camp
The hotel room was somewhat spartan.
luxury [uncountable] the enjoyment of special and expensive things,
particularly food and drink, clothes and surroundings
Now we'll be able to live in luxury for the rest of our lives.
to lead a  life of luxury a luxury hotel luxury goods
cruise liner a large ship for cruising
vessel (formal) a large ship or boat
ocean-going vessels
sail [intransitive, transitive] (of a boat or ship or the people on it) to travel on
water using sails or an engine
(+ adv./prep.) to sail into harbour
The dinghy sailed smoothly across the lake.
elegantly adv in a way that is graceful and attractive in appearance or behaviour
elegantly  dressed
The  cottage was simply and elegantly furnished.
7 disappointment
disappoint let down
8 boredom
boredom weariness
drive [transitive] to make somebody very angry, crazy, etc. or to make them do
something extreme
drive somebody + adj. to drive somebody crazy/mad/insane
drive somebody to do something Hunger drove her to steal.
drive somebody to something Those kids are driving me to despair.
9 freedom
follow something to accept advice, instructions, etc. and do what you have
been told or shown to do
to follow a diet/recipe
He has trouble following simple instructions.
Why didn't you follow my advice?
 + follow act in accordance with, abide by, adhere to, comply with, conform to,
obey, observe
tight adj very strict and firm
to keep tight control over something
We need tighter security at the airport.
+ tight strict, rigorous, stringent, tough, rigid
10 disastrous
disastrous adj very bad, harmful or unsuccessful
SYNONYM CATASTROPHIC, DEVASTATING
a disastrous harvest/fire/result
Lowering interest rates could have disastrous consequences for the
economy.
Ex. 7
l. There is no point (in) asking the manager for the day off.
point [uncountable, singular] the purpose or aim of something
What's the point of all this violence?
There's no point in getting angry.
I  don't see the point of doing it all again.
+ it’s no use, it’s (no) good, it’s (not) worth, what’s the use of, there’s no point (in)
2. We are going to have our house painted by a local firm.
3. George made as many mistakes as Peter.
4. Mr. Smith accused Tom of breaking the window.
accuse somebody (of something) to say that somebody has done
something wrong or is guilty of something
to accuse somebody of murder/theft
She accused him of lying.
+ accuse charge with, indict for, arraign for
5. I would never have learned to drive if you hadn’t taught me.
Ex. 8
6. Both five and seven are odd numbers
7. It takes three hours to climb to the top of the hill.
top summit, peak, crest
8. I think they should abolish this law
abolish something to officially end a law, a system or an institution
This tax should be abolished.
9. He has never seen a skyscraper before.
skyscraper a very tall building in a city
10. The sun, which is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with heat and
light.