Appendix C

The Twelve Rasas and their Components

MUKHYA-RATI

Çänta Rasa — Neutrality

I. Vibhäva

Viñaya — Four-handed Näräyaëa

Äçraya — Ätmärämas (self-realized sages), and

Tapasvés (renunciates).

Uddépana —

Asädhäraëa: Hearing Upaniñads, living in solitude,

meditation, knowledge, seeing material objects in
relation to the universal form, study of Vedänta...

Sädhäraëa: Smelling tulasé offered to the Lord, going

on pilgrimage, conquering the senses...

II. Anubhäva

Asädhäraëa: Behave like an avadhüta, concentrate

eyesight on tip of nose, give discourses on Absolute
Truth, use of hand-mudras.

Sädhäraëa: Yawn, stretch, offer prayers...

III. Sättvika-bhäva

Stambha (stunned), romaïca (hairs standing on end),

sveda (prespiration), kampa (shivering)...

IV. Vyabhicäré-bhäva

Nirveda (self-disparagement), mati (thoughtfulness),

harña (jubilation), dhåti (forebearance), småti
(rememberance), cintä (anxiety), vitarka
(argumentativeness).
V. Sthäyé-bhäva

Çuddha kåñëa-viñayä rati.

Samä, mental perception of Kåñëa's form.

Sandra, sensory perception of Kåñëa's form.

Däsya-Rasa (sambhrama-préta) — Reverential Servitude

I. Vibhäva

Viñaya — Viñëu, or Kåñëa

Äçraya — Four types of servants: adhikåta (demigods),

äçrita (surrendered souls), pariñada (personal
ministers), and anuga (intimate servants).

Uddépana —

Asädhäraëa: Kåñëa's mercy, the dust from His feet,

His prasädam...

Sädhäraëa: Kåñëa's flute, bugle, smile, footprints...

II. Anubhäva

Asädhäraëa: 100% engagement in service, attentive to

service, non-envious of others, making friendship with
däsas...

Sädhäraëa: Dancing...

III. Sättvika-bhäva

All eight.

IV. Vyabhicäré-bhäva
 All thirty-three, except: çrama (weariness), mada
(intoxication), träsa (fear), apasmåti (forgetfulness),
älasya (laziness), ugratä (ferocity), amarña
(haughtiness), asüyä (envy), nidrä (drowsiness), and
"?".

V. Sthäyé-bhäva

Sambhrama-préta-rati.

Däsya-Rasa (gaurava-préta) — Respectful Servitude

I. Vibhäva

Viñaya — Kåñëa (mainly in Dvärakä)

Äçraya — lälanéyas (subordinates):

a) Kaniñöha: juniors.

b) Pütra: sons.

Uddépana — Kåñëa's fondness, His smile...

II. Anubhäva

Sitting at a lower level, following orders, managing

Kåñëa's daily affairs, offering obeisances, humility,
renunciation of displeasing behavior...

III. Sättvika-bhäva

All eight

IV. Vyabhicäré-bhäva

Same as in sambhrama-préta-rasa

V. Sthäyé-bhäva

Gaurava-préta-rati

Sakhya-Rasa — Friendship

I. Vibhäva

Viñaya — Kåñëa, both inside and outside of Våndävana

Äçraya — Kåñëa's friends

Pura-vayasya — friends outside Våndävana

Vraja-sakhä — friends in Våndävana: (1) suhåt, elder

well-wishing friends, (2) sakhä — slightly younger
friends, (3) priya-sakhä — friends of the same age,
and (4) priya-narmä-sakhä — most confidential
friends

Uddépana — Paugaëòa age, His beauty, bugle, flute...

II. Anubhäva

Wrestling, playing ball, playing chess, "piggy-back"

riding, baton-twirling, resting together, playing on
swings, jokings, swimming in pools...
III. Sättvika-bhäva

All eight

IV. Vyabhicäré-bhäva

All except: träsa (fear), älasya (laziness), and ugratä

(ferocity).

In separation, these five also cannot manifest: mada

(intoxication), harña (jubilation), garva (pride),
nidrä (drowsiness), dhåti (forebearance)

In meeting, these previous five can manifest, but

these five cannot: måti (death), çrama (weariness),
vyädhi (disease), apasåmåti (forgetfulness),
dainya (humility)

V. Sthäyé-bhäva

Sakhya-rati

Vätsalya-Rasa — Parenthood

I. Vibhäva

Viñaya — Kåñëa

Äçraya — Kåñëa's elders, who have anukampä (a sense

of protective compassion and mercy towards Kåñëa)

Uddépana — Kaumära age, childhood dress, childish

restlessness, childish words...

II. Anubhäva

Smelling Kåñëa's head, patting Kåñëa, blessing,

ordering, gazing at child, seeing to His maintainence,
chastizing and correcting improper behavior...

III. Sättvika-bhäva
 All eight. One Additional asädhäraëa-sättvika-bhäva:
Milk flowing from breasts

IV. Vyabhicäré-bhäva

All thirty-three.

V. Sthäyé-bhäva

Vätsalya-rati

Mädhurya-Rasa — Conjugal Love

I. Vibhäva

Viñaya — Kåñëa

Äçraya — Gopés, and others.

Uddépana — Flute...

II. Anubhäva

Exchange of sidelong glances, exchange of smiles,

joking...

III. Sättvika-bhäva

All eight

IV. Vyabhicäré-bhäva

All except ugratä (ferocity) and älasya (laziness).

However, älasya (laziness) can manifest after conjugal

pastimes. Ugratä (ferocity) can manifest towards
those who pose impediments to the meeting of
Rädhä and Kåñëa.

V. Sthäyé-bhäva

Mädhurya-rati
 Characterized by desire to meet Kåñëa in eight ways
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GAUËA-RATI

Häsya-Rasa — Ecstatic Laughter

I. Vibhäva

Viñaya — Kåñëa

Tad-anvayé: others, whose funny behavior is

connected with Kåñëa.

Äçraya — All types of devotees. Young people,

combinations of young and old people, and sometimes
even very grave and serious people.

Uddépana — The words and behavior of Kåñëa, or his

parents...

II. Anubhäva
Vibration of the nostrils, lips, cheeks...

III. Sättvika-bhäva

IV. Vyabhicäré-bhäva
Harña (jubilation), älasya (laziness), avahita (concealed
feelings)...
V. Sthäyé-bhäva

Häsya-rati (affection in laughter)

Adbhuta-Rasa — Ecstatic Astonishment

I. Vibhäva

Viñaya — Kåñëa

Äçraya — All types of devotees

Uddépana — Kåñëa's astonishing activities

II. Anubhäva
Becoming astonished and apprehensive...
III. Sättvika-bhäva

Stambha (stunned), äçru (weeping), romaïca (standing

of hairs on end)...

IV. Vyabhicäré-bhäva

Cintä (anxiety), harña (jubilation)...

V. Sthäyé-bhäva

Vismaya-rati (affection in wonder)

a) säkñät (arises from direct perception of wonderous

act)

b) anumäna (arises from inferal of wondrous act)

Véra-Rasa (Yuddha) — Ecstatic Fighting

I. Vibhäva

Viñaya — Kåñëa, as a participant in or spectator of

fighting

Äçraya — Yuddha-véra, the heroic fighter.

Uddépana — When an opponent chalenges one by

bragging; slapping his thighs as a gesture of defiance;
taking up weapons; exhibiting rivalry, valour, and
heroism...

II. Anubhäva

When one braggs; exhibits defiance; takes up weapons;

exhibits rivalry, valour, and heroism as a natural
consequence of one's enthusiasm to fight.
 Also: displaying manliness, roaring like a lion out of
pride in one's prowess, using angry words, assuming
various fighting postures, being enthusiastic to fight
inspite of being alone, never retreating from battle,
instilling fearlessness in persons who are afraid...

III. Sättvika-bhäva

All eight

IV. Vyabhicäré-bhäva

Garva (pride), ävega (agitation), dhåti (forebearance),

harña (jubilation), utsukatä (eagerness), asüya (envy),
småti (rememberance)...

V. Sthäyé-bhäva

Yuddha-utsaha-rati (enthusiasm for battle)

Véra-Rasa (Däna) — Heroic Charity

I. Vibhäva

Viñaya — Kåñëa, either as the direct recipient of charity,

or as the recipient of the auspicious beneficts acrued
by giving in charity.

Äçraya — Däna-véra (the hero of charity)

a) Munificent: heroicly gives everything in charity

b) Renunciate: heroicly declines to accept any charity

from the Lord

Uddépana — Seeing fit recipient of charity. Sometimes,

Kåñëa also impels charity.

II. Anubhäva
 Giving more than is deserved, conversing with laughter,
firmness or steadiness, cleverness and skill, patience.

III. Sättvika-bhäva

IV. Vyabhicäré-bhäva

Vitarka ("counter-arguments"), utsukatä (enthusiasm),

harña (jubilation)...

V. Sthäyé-bhäva

Däna-utsaha-rati (enthusiasm to give charity)

Véra-Rasa (Dayä) — Heroic Charity

I. Vibhäva

Viñaya — Kåñëa in a disguised form

Äçraya — Dayä-véra (the hero of compassion)

Uddépana — Things that display the distress of the

object of compassion

II. Anubhäva

Giving one's life; protecting the distressed person;

speaking comforting, soothing words; exhibiting
steadiness...

III. Sättvika-bhäva

IV. Vyabhicäré-bhäva

Utsukatä (enthusiasm), mati (thoughtfulness), and

harña (jubilation)...
V. Sthäyé-bhäva

Dayä-utsaha-rati (enthusiasm for compassion).

Véra-Rasa (Dharma) — Heroic Religiousity

I. Vibhäva

Viñaya — Kåñëa

Äçraya — Dharma-Véra (the hero of religiousity)

Uddépana — Hearing the scriptures

II. Anubhäva

Moral conduct, tolerance, sense control...

III. Sättvika-bhäva

IV. Vyabhicäré-bhäva

Småti (rememberance), mati (thoughtfulness).

V. Sthäyé-bhäva

Dharma-utsaha-rati (enthusiasm for religiousity)

Karuëa-Rasa — Compassion in Tragedy

I. Vibhäva

Viñaya — Kåñëa, Kåñëa's devotees, or relatives of

Kåñëa's devotees

Äçraya — Those who witness any of the above in a tragic

situation

Uddépana — Kåñëa's qualities, form, and activities...

II. Anubhäva

Regret, heavy breathing, crying, falling on the ground,

beating upon one's chest...

III. Sättvika-bhäva

IV. Vyabhicäré-bhäva

Älasya (laziness), nirveda (self-disparagement), gläni

(guilt), dainya (humility), cintä (anxiety), viñada
(depression), utsukatä (eagerness), capalatä
("restlessness"), unmäda (madness), måti (death),
apasmåti (forgetfulness), vyädhi (disease), moha
(bewilderment)

V. Sthäyé-bhäva

Çoka-rati (affection in lamentation)

Raudra-Rasa — Ecstatic Fury

I. Vibhäva

Viñaya — Kåñëa, Kåñëa's well-wishers, Kåñëa's enemies

Äçraya — Any devotee (however, generally only the

gopés and sakhés become angry with Kåñëa)

Uddépana — Sarcastic remarks, unfavorable glances,

insulting words.

II. Anubhäva
 Rubbing the hands; clacking the teeth; clamping the
lips; knitting the yebrows; scratching the arms;
lowering the head; breathing rapidly; using strong
words; nodding of the head; yellowing, reddening, or
fading of the eyes; trembling of the lips; chastisement;
silence

III. Sättvika-bhäva

All eight

IV. Vyabhicäré-bhäva

All thirty-three

V. Sthäyé-bhäva

Krodha-rati (affection in anger)

a) Kopa-krodha-rati: anger towards Kåñëa

b) Manyu-krodha-rati: anger towards relatives

i) Manyu-pujya-krodha-rati: anger towards senior

relatives

ii) Manyu-samäna-krodha-rati: anger towards peer

relatives

iii) Manyu-nyüna-krodha-rati: anger towards junior

relatives

c) Ruña-krodha-rati: anger towards Kåñëa's jealous

lover

Bhayänaka-Rasa — Ecstatic Dread

I. Vibhäva

Viñaya — Kåñëa or a demon

 Äçraya — One who has offended Kåñëa, or one who
fears that a demon will harm Kåñëa

Uddépana — Movements of the demons eyebrows...

II. Anubhäva

Drying up of the mouth, breathing deeply, turning to

look behind oneself, hiding oneself, wavering, taking
shelter of someone, and screaming.

III. Sättvika-bhäva

All eight, except äçru (tears).

IV. Vyabhicäré-bhäva

Träsa (fear), måti (death), capalatä (restlessness),

ävega (agitation), gläni (depression), viñada (despair),
moha (bewilderment), apasmåti (forgetfulness), çaìkä
(alarm)...

V. Sthäyé-bhäva

Bhaya-rati (affection in fear)

Vébhatsa-Rasa — Ecstatic Ghastliness

I. Vibhäva

Viñaya — müla-viñaya (root object): Kåñëa, bahir-viñaya

(imediate object): the material world, objects of sense
gratification...

Äçraya — Usually a çänta-bhakta, or äçrita däsa.

Uddépana — Various distasteful objects or situations

II. Anubhäva
 Spitting on thoughts of one's past deeds, contorting the
face, covering the nose, washing the hands...

III. Sättvika-bhäva

Kampa (trembling), romaïca (hairs standing on end),

sveda (perspiration)... and contortion of the body.

IV. Vyabhicäré-bhäva

Vrédä (shame), çrama (weariness), unmäda (madness),

moha (bewilderment), viñada (depression), dainya
(humility), gläni (guilt, "self-pity"), capalatä
(restlessness), utsukatä (eagerness) and jaòatä
(inertness)

V. Sthäyé-bhäva

Jugupsa-rati (affection in disgust)