Mount Pinatubo

Mount Pinatubo, volcano, western Luzon, Philippines, that erupted in 1991

(for the first time in 600 years) and caused widespread devastation. Mount Pinatubo
is located about 55 miles (90 km) northwest of Manila and rose to a height of about
4,800 feet (1,460 m) prior to its eruption. After two months of emissions and small
explosions, a series of major explosions began on June 12. These explosions
reached a peak on June 14–16, producing a column of ash and smoke more than 19
miles (30 km) high, with rock debris falling the same distance from the volcano. The
resulting heavy ashfalls left about 100,000 people homeless, forced thousands more
to flee the area, and caused 300 deaths. The ashfalls forced the evacuation and
eventual closing of U.S.-leased Clark Air Force Base, 10 miles (16 km) east of the
volcano.
The ash and smoke cloud ejected by Mount Pinatubo in 1991 contained about
twice as much matter as that thrown up by the El Chichón volcano (1982), making
Pinatubo perhaps the largest eruption of the 20th century. Pinatubo erupted again in
late August 1992, killing more than 72 people.

Kinds of Hazards Present in Mt. Pinatubo

1. Re-deposition of pyroclastic flow
2. Fall deposits as lahars
3. Deposit-derived pyroclastic flows
4. Phreatic ash fallout.
Eruption History of Mt. Pinatubo
1992, 1991 (Plinian eruption), 1450 ± 50 years, 1050 BC ± 500, 3550 BC (?), 7030
BC ± 300, 7460 BC ± 150, 15,000 BC, 33,000 BC

Mount Taal
 Taal Lake, lake in southwestern Luzon, Philippines, occupying a volcanic
crater with a maximum width of 15 miles (24 km), at less than 10 feet (3 metres)
above sea level. It has an area of 94 square miles (244 square km) and is the
country’s third largest lake. Within the lake rises Volcano Island (984 feet [300
metres]), which itself contains another small crater (Yellow Lake). Volcano Island,
called Taal Volcano, has erupted more than 34 times since 1572, most recently in
2020.
The outer flanks of the old caldera rise gently to cliffs that reach a high point in
the southeast at Mount Macalod (3,107 feet [947 metres]). Taal Lake lies within a
national park and is a major tourist attraction; it is most commonly viewed from
Tagaytay Ridge in the north. The Pansipit River drains the lake into Balayan Bay of
the South China Sea through a breach in the cliffs to the southwest.

Kinds of Hazards Present in Mt. Taal

1. Base surges
2. Ashfalls and ballistic projectiles
3. Lava flows
4. Seiches/Tsunamis and flooding
5. Lakeshore landslide
6. Fissuring and ground subsidence

Eruption History of Mt. Taal

2020, 1977, 1976, 1970, 1969, 1968, 1967, 1966, 1965, 1911, 1904, 1903, 1885(?),
1878, 1874, 1873, 1842, 1825, 1808, 1790, 1754, 1749, 1731, 1729, 1716, 1715,
1709, 1707, 1645, 1641, 1635, 1634, 1609, 1591, 1572

Mount Mayon
 Mayon Volcano, active volcano, southeastern Luzon, Philippines, dominating
the city of Legaspi. Called the world’s most perfect volcanic cone because of the
symmetry of its shape, it has a base 80 miles (130 km) in circumference and rises to
8,077 feet (2,462 metres) from the shores of Albay Gulf.

Popular with climbers and campers, the volcano is the centre of Mayon
Volcano National Park (21 square miles [55 square km]). There are large abaca
plantations on its lower slopes. There have been more than 30 eruptions recorded
since 1616. An eruption in 1993 caused 79 deaths. Subsequent eruptions in 2000,
2006, 2009, 2014, and 2018 forced tens of thousands of people in nearby villages to
evacuate. In December 2006, rains from powerful Typhoon Durian caused mudslides
and floods at the foot of the volcano that killed more than 1,000 people. Its most
destructive eruption was in 1814, when the town of Cagsawa was buried and
approximately 1,200 people were killed.

Kinds of Hazards Present in Mt. Mayon

1. Airfall tephra
2. Lava flows
3. Pyroclastic flows
4. Lahars
Eruption History of Mt. Mayon
1616, 1766, 1800, 1811(?), 1814, 1827, 1834, 1839, 1845, 1846, 1851, 1853, 1855,
1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863(?), 1868, 1871-72, 1872, 1873, 1876,
1876, 1881-82, 1885, 1886-87, 1888, 1890, 1891-92, 1893, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1900,
1902(?), 1928, 1928, 1939, 1941, 1943, 1947, 1968, 1978, 1984, 1993, 1999-2000,
2001, 2002, 2003, 2003(?), 2004, 2006, 2009, 2013, 2018

Mount Bulusan
 Bulusan, one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines, is Luzon's
southernmost volcano. It lies at the SE end of the Bicol volcanic arc occupying the
peninsula of the same name that forms the elongated SE tip of Luzon island.
Background:
Bulusan is a young andesitic volcano built upon the NE rim of an older dacitic-
to-rhyolitic caldera, the 11-km wide Irosin caldera, which was formed about 35,000-
40,000 years ago.
Bulusan is flanked by several other large intracaldera lava domes and cones,
including the prominent Mount Jormajan lava dome on the SW flank and Sharp Peak
to the NE. The summit of 1565-m-high Bulusan volcano is unvegetated and contains
a 300-m-wide, 50-m-deep crater. Three small craters are located on the SE flank.
Many moderate explosive eruptions have been recorded at Bulusan since the
mid-19th century.

Kinds of Hazards Present in Mt. Bulusan

1. Tephra eruptions
2. Mudflows

Eruption History of Mt. Bulusan

2016, 2015, 2011, Oct 2006-07, Mar-Jun 2006, 1994, 1988, 1983, 1981, 1979, 1978,
1933, 1928, 1918-22, 1916, 1894, 1892, 1889, 1886, 1852

Mount Canlaon
 Mount Canlaon, also called Canlaon Volcano, active volcano, north-central
portion of the island of Negros, Philippines. It lies about 20 miles (32 km) southeast
of Bacolod. Part of the volcanic Cordillera Central, it is, at 8,086 feet (2,465 m), the
highest point in the Visayan Islands. Mount Canlaon National Park (1934)
encompasses 95 square miles (245 square km) of rugged, forested terrain that
includes craters, hot springs, and a variety of wildlife (monkeys, deer, and boars).

Kinds of Hazards Present in Mt. Canlaon

1. Lava flows
2. Pyroclastic density currents
3. Ash fall
4. Volcanic gases
5. Flank or lateral eruption
6. Debris avalanche or sector collapse

Eruption History of Mt. Canlaon

2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2015, 2016

Mount Hibok-Hibok
 Hibok-Hibok volcano (also known as Catarman volcano) is the youngest and
the only historically active volcano on Camiguin Island, which is located 9 km off the
north coast of Mindanao Island, Philippines.
Camiguin island itself is a 292 sq km oblate, 20 km long island composed of 4
overlapping stratovolcanoes and some flank cones.
Eruptions of Hibok-Hibok volcano are often Pelean-type, i.e. dome building
and the generation of nuées ardentes (= hot pyroclastic flows generated by partial
dome collapse).
Prior to the 1948 eruption, sulfur was mined at the crater of Hibok-Hibok.

Kinds of Hazards Present in Mt. Hibok-Hibok

1. Steam blasts
2. Glowing avalanches
3. Lava flows
4. Lahars

Eruption History of Mt. Hibok-Hibok

1948-53, 1871-75, 1862, 1827
Philippine
Volcanoes
Zyrah Allysha Jean T. Baldago
XII-General Academics