Awami League

1/19/2020 Awami League - Wikipedia
Awami League
The Bangladesh Awami League (Bengali: বাংলােদশ
আওয়ামী লীগ; translated from Urdu: Bangladesh People's Bangladesh Awami League
বাংলােদশ আওয়ামী লীগ
League), often simply called the Awami League or AL,[4][5] বাংলােদশ গণসংঘ
is a major political party in Bangladesh.
The All Pakistan Awami Muslim League was founded in

Dhaka, the capital of the Pakistani province of East Bengal, in
1949 by Bengali nationalists Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani,
Shawkat Ali, Yar Mohammad Khan, Shamsul Huq, and joined
later Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy who went on to become
Prime Minister of Pakistan. The Pakistan Awami Muslim
League was established as the Bengali alternative to the Abbreviation AL
domination of the Muslim League in Pakistan and over President Sheikh Hasina
centralisation of the government. The party quickly gained General Obaidul Quader
massive popular support in East Bengal, later named East Secretary
Pakistan, and eventually led the forces of Bengali nationalism Founders Abdul Hamid Khan
in the struggle against West Pakistan's military and political Bhashani
establishment. Yar Mohammad
Khan
The party under the leadership of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Shamsul Huq
the founding father of Bangladesh, led the struggle for Founded 23 June 1949
independence, first through massive populist and civil Split from Muslim League
disobedience movements, such as the Six Point Movement Preceded by Awami Muslim
and 1971 Non-Cooperation Movement, and then during the League
Bangladesh Liberation War. Headquarters Dhaka
Newspaper Uttaran
After the emergence of independent Bangladesh, the Awami
Think tank Centre for Research
League won the first general elections in 1973 but was
and Information
overthrown in 1975 after the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur
Student wing Chhatra League
Rahman. The party was forced by subsequent military
regimes onto the political sidelines and many of its senior Youth wing Awami Jubo League
leaders and activists were executed and jailed. After the Women's wing Mohila Awami
League
restoration of democracy in 1990, the Awami League emerged
as one of the principal players of Bangladeshi politics. Farmer wing Krishak League
Trade union Jatiya Sramik
Since coming to power in 2008, the Awami League has led wing League
Bangladesh through a massive GDP growth, and strengthened Volunteer wing Awami
Bangladesh's foreign relations with countries such as US, Swechasebak
Germany, UK, Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, France, Italy League
and Japan.[6] Armed wing Mukti Bahini (1971)
Ideology Bengali nationalism
Amongst the leaders of the Awami League, five have become Social liberalism[1]
the President of Bangladesh, four have become the Prime Economic
Minister of Bangladesh and one became the Prime Minister of liberalism[1]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awami_League 1/19
Pakistan. The incumbent Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Political position Centre[2][3] to centre-
Sheikh Hasina, has headed the party since 1981. left[1]
National Grand Alliance
affiliation
Colors Green
Contents Slogan "Joy
History Bangla" (Bengali)
"Victory to Bengal"
Founding and early Pakistan era (1949–66)
Struggle for Independence and Mujib era (1966–75) Anthem "Pralayollas" (Bengali)
"The Ecstasy of
Struggle for democracy and Hasina era (1981–
Destruction"
present)
Seats in the 301 / 350
Name and symbols Jatiya Sangsad
Ideology City Mayors 9 / 12
Organization
Constitution Election symbol
National Conference
Central Working Committee
Advisory Council
Centre for Research and Information
Activities Party flag
Wings
Leader of the AL, 1949–present
Head of state from AL
President of Bangladesh
Vice-President of Bangladesh Website
albd.org (http://albd.org)
Head of government from AL
Prime Minister of Pakistan Politics of Bangladesh
Chief Minister of East Pakistan Political parties
Prime Minister of Bangladesh Elections
Electoral history
National Assembly elections
East Pakistan Provincial Assembly elections
Jatiya Sangsad elections
See also
References
External links
History
Founding and early Pakistan era (1949–66)
During the post Mughal era no political parties existed in the area
known as Bangla or Banga. After the British arrived and
established government, the system of political representation
(though much later) was adopted in the area of Bangla (Bengal)
or introduced in Bengal. After the official departure of the British,
the area known as East Bengal became a part of Pakistan, and the
establishment of the Muslim was led by its founder Muhammad
Ali Jinnah and his Muslim League party. Rose Garden Palace, birthplace of
the Awami League in 1949
In 1948, there was rising agitation in East Bengal against the
omission of Bengali script from coins, stamps and government
exams. Thousands of students, mainly from the University of Dhaka, protested in Dhaka and clashed
with security forces. Prominent student leaders including Shamsul Huq, Khaleque Nawaz khan,
Shawkat Ali, Kazi Golam Mahboob, Oli Ahad, and Abdul Wahed were arrested and the police were
accused of repression while charging protesters. In March, senior Bengali political leaders were
attacked whilst leading protests demanding that Bengali be declared an official language in Pakistan.
The leaders included the A. K. Fazlul Huq, the former Prime Minister of undivided Bengal.[7] Amidst
the rising discontent in East Bengal, Jinnah visited Dhaka and announced that Urdu would be sole
state language of Pakistan given its significance to Islamic nationalism in South Asia.[8][9][10][11] The
announcement caused an emotional uproar in East Bengal, where the native Bengali population
resented Jinnah for his attempts to impose a language they hardly understood on the basis of
upholding unity. The resentment was further fuelled by rising discrimination against Bengalis in
government, industry, bureaucracy and the armed forces and the dominance of the Muslim League.
The Bengalis argued that they constituted the ethnic majority of Pakistan's population and Urdu was
unknown to the majority in East Bengal.[12] Moreover, the rich literary heritage of the Bengali
language and the deep rooted secular culture of Bengali society led to a strong sense of linguistic and
cultural nationalism amongst the people of East Bengal. The only significant language in Pakistan not
written in the Persian-Arabic script was Bengali.[13] Against this backdrop, Bengali nationalism began
to take root within the Muslim League and the party's Bengali members began to take a stand for
recognotion.
On 23 June 1949, Bengali nationalists from East Bengal broke away from the Muslim League,
Pakistan's dominant political party, and established the All Pakistan Awami Muslim League. Maulana
Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani and Shamsul Huq were elected the first President and General
Secretary of the party respectively, Ataur Rahman Khan was elected the Vice-President, Yar
Mohammad Khan was elected as the treasurer, while Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Khondaker Mostaq
Ahmad and A. K. Rafiqul Hussain were elected the party's first Joint Secretaries.[14] The party was
formed to champion the rights of masses in Pakistan against the powerful feudal establishment led by
the Muslim League. However, due to its strength stemming from the discriminated Bengali
population of Pakistan's eastern wing, the party eventually became associated and identified with East
Bengal.
In 1952, the Awami Muslim League and its student wing played an instrumental role in the Bengali
Language Movement, during which Pakistani security forces fired upon thousands of protesting
students demanding Bengali be declared an official language of Pakistan and famously killing a
number of students including Abdus Salam, Rafiq Uddin Ahmed, Abul Barkat and Abdul Jabbar.[15]
The events of 1952 are widely seen by historians today as a turning point in the history of Pakistan
and the Bengali people, as it was the starting point of the Bengali
nationalist struggle that eventually culminated in the creation of
Bangladesh in 1971.[14]
Hussein Shaheed Suhrawardy, who had been the AIML-

nominated prime minister of Bengal in 1937 and held the same
office after 1946 elections, did not agree to 'Muslim League' as the
name of AIML in Pakistan. He initiated the thought that the ideal
of political representation under religious identity was no longer
prudent after independence and the organisation might be named
as Pakistan League. Moreover, he claimed that Muslim League's
objective of struggling to form a nation state had been achieved
therefore political representation should continue focusing on
nationalism based on Pakistani sovereignty. Suhrawardy's
suggestion was not accepted, thus, he parted ways with the party
to be reestablished as the Awami League in 1949. This was to Moulana Abdul Hamid Khan
Bhashani and Sheikh Mujibur
serve the first shock to the country's political structure. In 1953,
Rahman marching barefoot to pay
the party's council meeting voted to drop the word "Muslim". In
their tributes on Language
the run-up to the East Bengal Legislative Assembly Elections in Movement Day of 1953
1954, the Awami League took the lead in negotiations in forming
a pan-Bangla political alliance including the Krishak Praja Party,
Nizam-e-Islam and Ganatantrik Dal. The alliance was termed the
Jukta Front or United Front and formulated the Ekush Dafa, or
21-point Charter, to fight for establishing rights in East Pakistan.
The party also took the historic decision to adopt the traditional
Bengali boat, which signified the attachment to rural Bengal, as
its election symbol.[14]
The election swept the United Front coalition into power in East
Awami League members in the
Bengal with a massive mandate of 223 seats out of 237 seats. The
cabinet of A. K. Fazlul Huq in East
Awami League itself won 143 seats while the Muslim League won Bengal, 1954
only 9 seats. Veteran student leader and language movement
stalwart Khaleque Nawaz Khan defeated incumbent prime
minister of the then East Bengal Mr. Nurul Amin in a landslide margin. Mr. Nurul Amin was defeated
in his home Nandail constituency. Khaleque Nawaz Khan created history at age 27 by defeating sitting
prime minister and Muslim League was wiped out from political landscape of the then East Pakistan.
A. K. Fazlul Huq assumed the office of Chief Minister of East Bengal and drew up a cabinet containing
many of the prominent student activists that were leading movements against the Pakistani state.[14]
They included Sheikh Mujibur Rahman from the Awami League, who served as commerce minister.
Leaders of the new provincial government demanded greater provincial autonomy for East Bengal
and eventually succeeded in pressuring Prime Minister Muhammad Ali Bogra, himself a Bengali, to
endorse the proposed constitutional recognition of Bengali as an official language of Pakistan. The
United Front also passed a landmark order for the establishment of the Bangla Academy in Dhaka.[16]
As tensions with the western wing grew due to the demands for greater provincial autonomy in East
Bengal, Governor-General Ghulam Muhammad dismissed the United Front government on 29 May
1954 under Article 92/A of the provisional constitution of Pakistan.[14]
In September 1956, the Awami League formed a coalition with the Republican Party to secure a
majority in the new National Assembly of Pakistan and took over the central government. Awami
League President Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy became the Prime Minister of Pakistan. Suhrawardy
pursued a reform agenda to reduce the long-standing economic disparity between East and West
Pakistan, greater representation of Bengalis in the Pakistani civil and armed services and he
unsuccessfully attempted to alleviate the food shortage in the country.[17]
The Awami League also began deepening relations with the United States. The government moved to
join the Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation (SEATO) and Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO), the
two strategic defence alliances in Asia inspired by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
Maulana Bhashani, one of the party's founders, condemned the decision of the Suhrawardy
government and called a conference in February 1957 at Kagmari, Tangail in East Bengal. He
protested the move and the support lent by the Awami League leadership to the government.
Bhashani broke away from the Awami League and then formed the leftist National Awami Party
(NAP).[14] Yar Mohammad Khan funded the 5-day Kagmari Conference. He was the treasurer of the
kagmari conference committee.
The controversy over One Unit (the division of Pakistan into only two provinces, east and west) and
the appropriate electoral system for Pakistan, whether joint or separate, also revived as soon as
Suhrawardy became Prime Minister. In West Pakistan, there was strong opposition to the joint
electorate by the Muslim League and the religious parties. The Awami League however, strongly
supported the joint electorate. These differences over One Unit and the appropriate electorate caused
problems for the government.[17]
By early 1957, the movement for the dismemberment of the One Unit had started. Suhrawardy was at
the mercy of central bureaucracy fighting to save the One Unit. Many in the business elite in Karachi
were lobbying against Suhrawardy's decision to distribute millions of dollars of American aid to East
Pakistan and to set up a national shipping corporation. Supported by these lobbyists, President
Iskander Mirza demanded the Prime Minister's resignation. Suhrawardy requested to seek a vote of
confidence in the National Assembly, but this request was turned down. Suhrawardy resigned under
threat of dismissal on 10 October 1957.[17]
On 7 October 1958, President Iskander Mirza declared martial law and appointed army chief General
Ayub Khan as Chief Martial Law Administrator. Ayub Khan eventually deposed Mirza in a bloodless
coup.[18] By promulgating the Political Parties Elected Bodies Disqualified Ordinance, Ayub banned
all major political parties in Pakistan. Senior politicians, including the entire top leadership of the
Awami League, were arrested and most were kept under detention till 1963.
In 1962, Ayub Khan drafted a new constitution, modelled on indirect election, through an electoral
college, and termed it 'Basic Democracy'. Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy joined Nurul Amin, Khwaja
Nazimuddin, Maulvi Farid Ahmed and Hamidul Haq Chowdhury in forming National Democratic
Front against Ayub Khan's military-backed rule and to restore elective democracy. However the
alliance failed to obtain any concessions. Instead the electoral colleges appointed a new parliament
and the President exercised executive authority.[14]
Widespread discrimination prevailed in Pakistan against Bengalis during the regime of Ayub Khan.
The University of Dhaka became a hotbed for student activism advocating greater rights for Bengalis
and the restoration of democracy in Pakistan.[19]
On 5 December 1963, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy was found dead in his hotel room in Beirut,
Lebanon. His sudden death under mysterious circumstances gave rise to speculation within the
Awami League and the general population in East Pakistan that he had been poisoned.[14]
Struggle for Independence and Mujib era (1966–75)

The 6-point demands, proposed by Mujib, were widely accepted
by the East Pakistani populace, as they proposed greater
autonomy for the provinces of Pakistan. After the so-called
Agartala Conspiracy Case, and subsequent end of the Ayub
Khan's regime in Pakistan, the Awami League and its leader
Sheikh Mujib reached the peak of their popularity among the East
Pakistani Bengali population. In the elections of 1970, the Awami
League won 167 of 169 East Pakistan seats in the National
Assembly but none of West Pakistan's 138 seats. It also won 288
of the 300 provincial assembly seats in East Pakistan.[20][21] This
win gave the Awami League a healthy majority in the 313-seat
National Assembly and placed it in a position to establish a
national government without a coalition partner. This was not
acceptable to the political leaders of West Pakistan who feared the Rahman announcing the Six Points
6 points were a step towards breaking up the country and led in Lahore, 1966
directly to the events of the Bangladesh Liberation War. A
particular point of disagreement was transferring 6 powers to one
province which was unprecedented. The Awami League leaders,
taking refuge in India, successfully led the war against the
Pakistani Army throughout 1971. Leader Sheikh Mujib was
arrested by the Pakistan army on 25 March 1971, but the
Bangladeshi people continued the fight to free themselves for
nine months.
After victory on 16 December 1971, the party formed the national Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Awami
government of Bangladesh. In 1972, under Sheikh Mujib, the League members campaigning in
party name was changed to "Awami League". The new East Pakistan before the 1970
government faced many challenges as they rebuilt the country general election
and carried out mine clearing operations. The party had pro
Pakistani newspaper editors arrested and shut down the nations'
newspapers leaving only four in operation.[22] Food shortages were also a major concern of the
Awami League. War had damaged all forms of farming. The party aligned itself with NAM, and leaned
towards the Soviet bloc. The party was accused of corruption by supporters of Pakistan. In 1974
Bangladesh suffered a famine: 70,000 people died, and support for Mujib declined. Bangladesh
continued exporting jute to Cuba, violating US economic sanctions, the Nixon government barred
grain imports to Bangladesh. This exacerbated famine conditions.
In January 1975, facing violent leftist insurgents Mujib declared a state of emergency and later
assumed the presidency, after the Awami League dominated parliament decided to switch from
parliamentary to a presidential form of government. Sheikh Mujib renamed the League the
Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League, and banned all other parties. The consequences lead to a
critical political state. BAKSAL was dissolved after the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
The move towards a secular form of government caused widespread dissatisfaction among many low
ranking military personnel, most of whom received training from Pakistan army. On 15 August 1975
during the time of K M Shafiullah as a Head of the Army Stuffs. some junior members of the armed
forces in Dhaka, led by Major Faruk Rahman and Major Rashid, murdered Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
and all his family members, including his wife and minor son. Within months, on 3 November 1975,
four more of its top leaders, Syed Nazrul Islam, Tajuddin Ahmed, Captain Muhammad Mansur Ali
and A. H. M. Qamaruzzaman were killed inside the Dhaka Central Jail as they were on behalf of
BAKSAL. Only Sheikh Hasina and Sheikh Rehana, two daughters of Mujib, survived the massacre as
they were in West Germany as a part of a cultural exchange program. They later claimed political
asylum in the United Kingdom. Sheikh Rehana, the younger sister, chose to remain in the UK
permanently, while Sheikh Hasina moved to India and lived in self-imposed exile. Her stays abroad
helped her gain important political friends in the West and in India that proved to be a valuable asset
for the party in the future.
Struggle for democracy and Hasina era (1981–present)

After 1975, the party remained split into several rival factions and
fared poorly in the 1979 parliamentary elections held under a
military government. In 1981 Sheikh Hasina returned as Ziaur
Rahman allowed him to return after the largest party faction, the
Awami League elected her its president, and she proceeded to
take over the party leadership and unite the factions. As she was
under age at the time she could not take part in the 1981
presidential elections that followed the assassination of President Awami League Rally on protest for
Ziaur Rahman. Throughout the following nine years of military democracy on 10 November 1987 in
rule by General Hossain Mohammad Ershad the Awami League Dhaka
participated in some polls but boycotted most as Ershad did not
believe in democracy. On 7 May 1986, Awami League participated
in the general election of Bangladesh staged by military ruler Lt Gen Hussain Muhammad Ershad
even though the other major political party and the winner of previous elections Bangladesh
Nationalist Party boycotted. British observers including a journalists termed the elections a "tragedy
for democracy" and a "cynically frustrated exercise".[23]
The Awami League emerged as the largest opposition party in parliament in the elections in 1991, in
which Khaleda Zia became the first female prime minister.
AL's second term in office had mixed achievements. Apart from sustaining economic stability during
the Asian economic crisis, the government successfully settled Bangladesh's long standing dispute
with India over sharing the water of the river Ganges (also known as Padma) in late 1996, and signed
a peace treaty with tribal rebels in 1997. In 1998, Bangladesh faced one of the worst floods ever, and
the government handled the crisis satisfactorily. It also had significant achievements in containing
inflation, and peacefully neutralising a long-running leftist insurgency in south-western districts
dating back to the first AL government's time. However, rampant corruption allegations against party
office bearers and ministers as well as a deteriorating law and order situation troubled the
government. Its pro poor policies achieved wide microeconomic development but that left the
country's wealthy business class dissatisfied. The AL's last months in office were marred by sporadic
bombing by alleged Islamist militants. Hasina herself escaped several attempts on her life, in one of
which two anti-tank mines were planted under her helipad in Gopalganj district. In July 2001, the
second AL government stepped down, becoming the first elected government in Bangladesh to serve a
full term in office.
The party won only 62 out of 300 parliamentary seats in the elections held in October 2001, despite
winning 40% of the votes, up from 36% in 1996 and 33% in 1991. The BNP and its allies won a two-
thirds majority in parliament with 46% of the votes cast, with BNP alone winning 41%, up from 33%
in 1996 and 30% in 1991.
In its second term in opposition since 1991, the party suffered the assassination of several key
members. Popular young leader Ahsanullah Master, a member of parliament from Gazipur, was killed
in 2004. This was followed by a grenade attack on Hasina during a public meeting on 21 August 2004,
resulting in the death of 22 party supporters, including party women's secretary Ivy Rahman, though
Hasina lived. Finally, the party's electoral secretary, ex finance minister, and veteran diplomat Shah
M S Kibria, a member of parliament from Habiganj, was killed in a grenade attack in Sylhet later that
year.
In June 2005, the Awami League won an important victory when the AL nominated incumbent mayor
A.B.M. Mohiuddin Chowdhury won the important mayoral election in Chittagong, by a huge margin,
against BNP nominee State Minister of Aviation Mir Mohammad Nasiruddin. This election was seen
as a showdown between the Awami League and the BNP. However, the killing of party leaders
continued. In December 2005, the AL supported Mayor of Sylhet narrowly escaped the third attempt
on his life as a grenade thrown at him failed to explode.[24]
In September 2006, several of the party's top leaders, including Saber Hossain Chowdhury MP and
Asaduzzaman Nur MP, were hospitalised after being critically injured by police beatings while they
demonstrated in support of electoral-law reforms. Starting in late October 2006, the Awami League
led alliance carried out a series of nationwide demonstrations and blockades centring on the selection
of the leader of the interim caretaker administration to oversee the 2007 elections. Although an
election was scheduled to take place on 22 January 2007 that the Awami League decided to boycott,
the country's military intervened on 11 January 2007 and installed an interim government composed
of retired bureaucrats and military officers.
Throughout 2007 and 2008, the military backed government tried to root out corruption and remove
Sheikh Hasina and Khaleda Zia of the AL and BNP respectively.[25] While these efforts largely failed,
they succeeded in producing a credible voter list that was used in 29 December 2008 national
election.
The Awami League won the national election held on 29 December 2008 as part of a larger electoral
alliance that also included the Jatiya Party led by former military ruler General Hussain Muhammad
Ershad as well as some leftist parties. According to the Official Results,[26] Bangladesh Awami League
won 230 out of 299 constituencies, and together with its allies, had a total of 262 parliamentary
seats.[27] The Awami League and its allies received 57% of the total votes cast. The AL alone got 48%,
compared to 36% of the other major alliance led by the BNP which by itself got 33% of the votes.
Sheikh Hasina, as party head, became the new Prime Minister. Her term of office began in January
2009.[28] The current cabinet has several new faces, including three women in prominent positions:
Dr Dipu Moni (Foreign Minister), Matia Chowdhury (Agriculture Minister) and Sahara Khatun
(Home Minister). Younger MPs with a link to assassinated members of the 1972–1975 AL government
are Syed Ashraful Islam, son of Syed Nazrul Islam, Sheikh Taposh, son of Sheikh Fazlul Huq Moni,
and Sohel Taj, son of Tajuddin Ahmad.
Since 2009, the Awami League government faced several major

political challenges, including BDR (Bangladesh Rifles)
mutiny,[29] power crisis,[30] unrest in garments industry[31] and
stock market fluctuations.[32] Judicial achievements for the party
included restoring original 1972 constitution, returning
secularism to the constitution,[33] beginning of war crimes
trials,[34] and guilty verdict in 1975 assassination trial.[35]
According to the Nielsen 2-year survey, 50% felt the country was
moving in the right direction, and 36% gave the government a
Sayed Ashraful Islam, General
favourable rating.[36] Secretary of the Awami League,
speaking at the 5th Bangladesh
In the 2014 election the Awami League led India supported Agro Tech Fair in Dhaka on 28 May
alliance won a second term of which 154 Members (out of 300) of 2015
Parliament were selected where there were no election . Only 5%
voter attended in the polling station and cast their votes. The
opposition and one of the most popular parties (BNP) boycotted the election for removing the
caretaker government (neutral government) system from the constitution after completion of 5 years
tenure.[37][38] With 21 people dead due to the violence during election, along with further human
rights abuses and an absence of opposition, this was one of the controversial general elections in
Bangladesh's history.[39] This election was further tainted by arrests where dozens of opposition
leaders and members were taken into custody.
Name and symbols

The All Pakistan Awami Muslim League (Urdu: ‫آل ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺘﺎن‬
‫ )ﻋﻮاﻣﯽ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻟﯿﮓ‬or the East Pakistan Awami Muslim League
was formed as a breakaway faction of the "All Pakistan Muslim
League" in 1949, within two years of the formation of Pakistan.
The word Muslim was dropped in 1953 and it became the secular
Awami League. During the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971,
most of the Awami League members joined the Provisional
Government of Bangladesh and Mukti Bahini guerrillas to fight The early flag of the Awami League
against the Pakistani army and the name "Bangladesh Awami used during the Pakistani period
League" was eventually settled upon.
The most common mascot and electoral symbol for the party has been the boat, which signified the
attachment to rural Bengal. Traditionally the party had no consistent colour identity. After the 1991
election, the colour green became associated with Awami League, while blue has become the
identifying colour for rival nationalist party.
The salutation "Joy Bangla" (Bengali: জয় বাংলা; meaning Victory to Bengal or "Long live Bengal") is
the official slogan of the Awami League. It was the slogan and war cry of the Mukti Bahini that fought
for the independence of Bangladesh during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. The phrase "Joy
Bangla, Joy Bangabandhu" is used by the party members at the end of speeches and communications
pertaining to or referring to patriotism towards Bangladesh and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib.
The Awami League party flag is a green field with four five-rayed red star at its centre, and a vertical
red stripe at the hoist side. The flag also bears some resemblance to the flag of Pakistan, showing the
ex-Pakistani origin of the Awami League. The four stars on the Flag represent the four fundamental
principles of the party: nationalism, secularism, socialism, and democracy.
Ideology
The Bangladesh Awami League styles itself as the leader of the
"pro-liberation" forces in Bangladesh, promoting secular and
social democratic sections of the political establishment in the
country. The party constitution states, and in two cases defines
the reason for, four fundamental principles in guiding its
philosophy and policies.[40] They include:
Democracy
Socialism
Secularism
Nationalism
Before the 2008 general elections in Bangladesh, the Awami The National Emblem of
League announced in its manifesto, its "Vision 2021" and "Digital Bangladesh; The four stars above
the water lilly represent the four
Bangladesh" action plans to transform Bangladesh into a fast-
fundamental principles of Awami
developing middle-income country by 2021.[41] The party uses the League that were enshrined in the
term "Shonar Bangla", or golden Bengal, to describe its vision for first constitution of Bangladesh in
Bangladesh to become a modern developed nation. The term is 1972: nationalism, secularism,
reminiscent of Bangladesh's national anthem and a utopian vision socialism, and democracy
in Bengali nationalism.
Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina supported calls to remove the Statue of Justice in
Bangladesh Supreme Court. Many criticized these calls, saying Sheikh Hasina was bowing down to the
pressure of Islamist political hard-liners.[42]
In recent years, the party has begun espousing more economically liberal positions, and has moved
closer to the centre of the political spectrum.
Organization
Constitution
The Constitution of the Bangladesh Awami League (Bengali:

বাংলােদশ আওয়ামী লীগ এর গঠনত , Bānlādēśa ā'ōẏāmī līgēra
gaṭhanatantra) has 24 Articles and includes contents of
General Program, Membership, Organization System, Central
Organizations, Name, Aims and Objectives, Fundamental
Principles, Commitments. In accordance with the changing
situation and tasks, revisions were made in some of the
articles at the National Conference.[43]
National Conference
The National Conference NC (Bengali: জাতীয় সে লন, Jātīẏa
sam'mēlana) is the party's highest body, and, since the 1st
National Conference in 1949, has been convened every three
years (sometimes on an irregular basis). According to the
party's constitution, the National Conference may be
postponed on except "under extraordinary circumstances."
The party constitution gives the NC following
responsibilities:
Bangladesh Awami League new office
located at Bangabandhu avenue
electing the President
electing the general secretary
examining the report of the outgoing Central Working Committee
discussing and enacting party policies
revising the party's constitution
In practice, the party councillors and delegates rarely discuss issues at length at the National
Conference. Most substantive discussion takes place before the Conference, in the preparation period,
among a group of top party leaders. In between National Conferences, the Central Working
Committee is the highest decision-making institution.
Central Working Committee

The Central Working Committee Main office holders
(Bengali: ক ীয় কাযিনবাহী সংসদ,
Kēndrīẏa kāryanirbāhī sansada) of the
Awami League is a political body that
comprises the top leaders of the Party.
It is currently composed of 81 full
members and 29 alternate members.
Members are elected once every three
Sheikh Hasina Wazed, President Obaidul Quader, General
years by the National Conference of the
of AL since 16 February 1981 Secretary of AL since 23
Bangladesh Awami League.[44][45] The October 2016
Central Working Committee is made
up of the following:
The Party Presidium:
The party President;

17 Presidium members;
The general secretary;
4 Joint general secretary;
The Treasurer;
28 Additional members;
29 Secretaries of the Sub Committee;
1. Finance and planning secretary 12. Women Affairs secretary
2. International affairs secretary 13. Liberation war affairs secretary
3. Law affairs secretary 14. Youth and sports affairs secretary
4. Agriculture and co-operation secretary 15. Education and human resource secretary
5. Information and research secretary 16. Industries and commerce secretary
6. Relief and social welfare secretary 17. Labour and Manpower secretary
7. Office secretary 18. Cultural Affairs secretary
8. Religious Affairs secretary 19. Health and population secretary
9. Press and Publications secretary 20. 8 Organising secretary
10. Forest and environment secretary 21. Deputy Office-secretary
11. Science and technology affairs secretary 22. Deputy Press-secretary
and
10 Parliamentary committee member
Advisory Council
Almost 38 Advisory Council (Bengali: উপেদ া পিরষদ, Upadēṣṭā pariṣada) members working as
party's think-tank and are not Part of the Central Working Committee.[45]
Centre for Research and Information

The Centre for Research and Information CRI is the think-tank and research cell of the Awami
League. The foundation offers political education, conducts scientific fact-finding research for
political projects, grants scholarships to gifted individuals, researches the history of Awami League,
and supports and encourages youth, international understanding, and development-policy co-
operation.[46][47][48][49][50]
Activities
Let's Talk
Policy Café
CRI Junction
Young Bangla and CRI: The Young Bangla Programme comprises the several schemes, acting
as a flexible space for the youth, thousands of individuals and youth-led organizations, supporting
them with resources and capacity enhancement trainings.[51][52]
Wings
Type Official Name Common Term

Student Wing Bangladesh Chhatra League Chhatra League
Youth Wing Bangladesh Awami Jubo League Jubo League
Women's Wing Bangladesh Mohila Awami League Mohila League
Farmer Wing Bangladesh Krishak League Krishak League
Trade Union Wing Bangladesh Jatiya Sramik League Jatiya Sramik League
Volunteer Wing Bangladesh Awami Swechasebak League Swechasebak League
Leader of the AL, 1949–present

[53][54][55][56]
Elected
Term general
President (National Conference; In Office
length secretary
NC)
Shamsul Huq
Abdul Hamid Khan 23 June 1949 – 27 July 7 years,
NC: 1949, 53, 55 Sheikh Mujibur
Bhashani 1956 34 days
Rahman
Huseyn Shaheed 27 July 1956 – 10 October 1 year, Sheikh Mujibur
(acting)
Suhrawardy 1957 75 days Rahman
Abdur Rashid 10 October 1957 – 25 8 years, Sheikh Mujibur
NC: 1957, 64
Tarkabagish January 1966 107 days Rahman
Sheikh Mujibur 25 January 1966 – 18 7 years, Tajuddin Ahmad
NC: 1966, 70, 72
Rahman January 1974 358 days Zillur Rahman
Muhammad 18 January 1974 – 24 1 year,

NC: 1974 Zillur Rahman
Qamaruzzaman February 1975 37 days
Dissolution
(see:BAKSAL)
Syeda Zohra Tajuddin 4 April 1977 – 16
Special Council: 1977 318 days None
(Convenor) February 1978
16 February 1978 – 16 3 years,
Abdul Malek Ukil NC: 1978 Abdur Razzaq
February 1981 0 days
Abdur Razzaq
Syeda Sajeda
Chowdhury
NC: 1981, 87, 92, 97, 16 February 1981– 38 years, Zillur Rahman
Sheikh Hasina
02, 09, 12, 16 present 336 days Abdul Jalil
Sayed Ashraful
Islam
Obaidul Quader
Head of state from AL
President of Bangladesh
Name Term in office

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 1971–1972
Abu Sayeed Chowdhury 1972–1973
Mohammad Mohammadullah 1974–1975
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 1975 (Assassinated)
Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad 1975 (Deposed)
Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem 1975–1977
Zillur Rahman 2009–2013
Abdul Hamid 2013–present
Vice-President of Bangladesh
Name Term in office Note
Syed Nazrul Islam 1971–1972 Acting President during the Bangladesh Liberation War.[57]
Head of government from AL
Prime Minister of Pakistan
Name Term in office

Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy 1956–1957
Chief Minister of East Pakistan
Name Term in office

Ataur Rahman Khan 1956–1958
Prime Minister of Bangladesh
Name Term in office

Tajuddin Ahmad 1971–1972
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 1972–1975
Muhammad Mansur Ali 1975
Sheikh Hasina 1996–2001; 2009–present
Electoral history
National Assembly elections

Election Party leader Votes % Seats +/– Position Government Notes

After the
1970
election it
Sheikh
160 / 300 was blocked
1970 Mujibur 12,937,162 39.2% 1st Opposition
160 from
Rahman
governing by
the West
Pakistan
East Pakistan Provincial Assembly elections
Election Votes % Seats +/– Position Government Notes

143 / 237
1954 1st Government
143
After the 1970 election it
288 / 300
1970 12,937,162 73.2% 1st Opposition was blocked from governing
45
by the West Pakistan
Jatiya Sangsad elections
Election Party leader Votes % Seats +/– Position Government

Sheikh Mujibur 293 / 300
1973 13,798,717 73.2% 1st Government
Rahman 133
39 / 300
1979 Asaduzzaman Khan 4,734,277 24.5% 2nd Opposition
145
76 / 300
1986 7,462,157 26.2% 37 2nd Opposition
0 / 300 Extra-
1988 Boycotted 76
parliamentary
88 / 300
1991 10,259,866 30.1% 12 2nd Opposition
February 0 / 300 Extra-

Boycotted 88
1996 parliamentary
June 146 / 300
Sheikh Hasina 15,882,792 37.4% 58 1st Government
1996
62 / 300
2001 22,310,276 40.02% 84 2nd Opposition
230 / 300
2008 33,887,451 49.0% 1st Government
168
234 / 300
2014 36,173,883 79.14% 4 1st Government
259 / 300
2018 34,133,822 76.88% 25 1st Government
See also
Politics of Bangladesh
List of political parties in Bangladesh
Bangladesh Nationalist Party
List of political parties in Pakistan
National Awami Party
Awami National Party
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External links
Media related to Bangladesh Awami League at Wikimedia Commons
Awami League web site (http://www.albd.org/)
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1/19/2020 Awami League - Wikipedia

The All Pakistan Awami Muslim League was founded in

Founding and early Pakistan era (1949–66)

Hussein Shaheed Suhrawardy, who had been the AIML-

Struggle for Independence and Mujib era (1966–75)

Struggle for democracy and Hasina era (1981–present)

Since 2009, the Awami League government faced several major

Name and symbols

The Constitution of the Bangladesh Awami League (Bengali:

Central Working Committee

The Party Presidium:

The party President;

10 Parliamentary committee member

Centre for Research and Information

Type Official Name Common Term

Leader of the AL, 1949–present

Muhammad 18 January 1974 – 24 1 year,

Head of state from AL

Name Term in office

Name Term in office Note

Head of government from AL

Prime Minister of Pakistan

Name Term in office

Chief Minister of East Pakistan

Name Term in office

Prime Minister of Bangladesh

Name Term in office

National Assembly elections

Election Party leader Votes % Seats +/– Position Government Notes

East Pakistan Provincial Assembly elections

Election Votes % Seats +/– Position Government Notes

Jatiya Sangsad elections

Election Party leader Votes % Seats +/– Position Government

February 0 / 300 Extra-

18. "Ouster of President Iskander Mirza" (http://storyofpakistan.com/ouster-of-president-iskander-mirz

40. "The Constitution of the Bangladesh Awami League" (https://web.archive.org/web/200903150318

55. কমন িছল আ.লীেগর আেগর সে লন েলা (http://www.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/article/10045

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Awami_League&oldid=936092539"

This page was last edited on 16 January 2020, at 17:28 (UTC).

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