5.28 Report Entitled - Barkerville Gold Mines Bonanza Ledge Ground Control Management Plan

21 February 2017
BARKERVILLE GOLD MINES

BONANZA LEDGE
Ground Control
Management Plan
Submitted to:
Barkerville Gold Mines Ltd.
7885 Ski Hill Road
Wells, BC
V0K 2R0
Attention: Chris Pharness
Reference Number: GAL092-1541337-51010-R-RevF
Prepared with the assistance of:
Authorized By
Area Superintendent: Date:
Area Manager: Date:

BONANZA LEDGE
GROUND CONTROL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Table of Contents
1.0 SCOPE.............................................................................................................................................................................. 3
1.1 Purpose and Objective ........................................................................................................................................ 3
1.2 Regulatory Requirements .................................................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Ground Control Policy.......................................................................................................................................... 3
1.4 Accountability and Responsibilities ...................................................................................................................... 3
1.4.1 Owner and/or Owner’s Representative .......................................................................................................... 4
1.4.1.1 Mine Manager ............................................................................................................................................. 4
1.4.1.2 General Foreman........................................................................................................................................ 4
1.4.1.3 Technical Service Manager ........................................................................................................................ 4
1.4.1.4 Geotechnical Representative (Engineer/Geologist) .................................................................................... 5
1.4.2 Underground Mining Contractor ..................................................................................................................... 5
1.4.2.1 Project Manager ......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.4.2.2 Mine Foreman and Shift Supervisor ........................................................................................................... 5
1.4.2.3 Miners/All Underground Employees ........................................................................................................... 6
1.5 Mandatory Requirements .................................................................................................................................... 6
1.6 Document Control ................................................................................................................................................ 8
2.0 MINE SETTING................................................................................................................................................................. 9
2.1 Geological and Geotechnical Characteristics ...................................................................................................... 9
2.1.1 Geology.......................................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Geotechnical Properties ...................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.1 Geotechnical Domains (Rock Types) ............................................................................................................. 9
2.2.2 Rock Mass Geotechnical Data ....................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.2.1 Intact Rock Parameters ............................................................................................................................ 10
2.2.2.1.1 Unit Weight ............................................................................................................................................ 10
2.2.2.1.2 Strength ................................................................................................................................................. 10
2.2.2.1.3 Elastic Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio..................................................................................................... 10
2.2.2.1.4 Rock Mass Classification ...................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.3 Rock Mass Structure .................................................................................................................................... 13
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2.2.3.1 Major Structural Features ......................................................................................................................... 13
2.2.3.2 Rock Mass Fabric ..................................................................................................................................... 13
2.2.3.3 Qualitative Assessment of Rock Type Contact Zones .............................................................................. 13
2.2.4 In Situ Stress Regime .................................................................................................................................. 13
2.2.5 Hydrogeology ............................................................................................................................................... 14
2.2.6 Footwall and Hangingwall Nomenclature ..................................................................................................... 14
2.3 Underground Mining Approach .......................................................................................................................... 14
2.3.1 Stoping ......................................................................................................................................................... 14
2.3.2 Life of Mine and Service Requirements ....................................................................................................... 15
3.0 DESIGN .......................................................................................................................................................................... 16
3.1 Mine Design ....................................................................................................................................................... 16
3.1.1 Open Stope Dimensions .............................................................................................................................. 16
3.1.2 Overbreak Slough Estimate ......................................................................................................................... 17
3.1.3 Carter Scaled Crown Pillar Stability Assessment ......................................................................................... 17
3.1.4 Other Potential Failure Modes ..................................................................................................................... 18
3.1.4.1 Foliation .................................................................................................................................................... 18
3.1.4.2 Geological Structures ............................................................................................................................... 19
3.1.5 Pillar Design ................................................................................................................................................. 19
3.1.6 Backfill Design ............................................................................................................................................. 19
3.1.7 Stope Sequencing ........................................................................................................................................ 20
4.0 GROUND SUPPORT DESIGN ....................................................................................................................................... 21
4.1 Ground Support Elements ................................................................................................................................. 21
4.2 Ground Support Design of New Development Openings................................................................................... 22
4.2.1 Permanent Openings ................................................................................................................................... 22
4.2.2 Development Openings................................................................................................................................ 22
4.2.2.1 Empirical Ground Support Design ............................................................................................................ 22
4.2.2.2 Kinematic Support Design Checks ........................................................................................................... 22
4.2.2.3 Development Drifts ................................................................................................................................... 22
4.2.2.4 Intersections ............................................................................................................................................. 24
4.3 1425 Level Access Drift Open Stope Wall Support............................................................................................ 24
4.4 Rehabilitation of Existing Development Openings ............................................................................................. 24
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4.5 Mining Adjacent to Existing (Historic) Mine Openings ....................................................................................... 25
5.0 IMPLEMENTATION ........................................................................................................................................................ 26
5.1 Communication .................................................................................................................................................. 26
5.1.1 Ground Control Log Book ............................................................................................................................ 26
5.2 Scaling ............................................................................................................................................................... 27
5.2.1 Check Scaling Program ............................................................................................................................... 27
5.3 Ground Support Installation Procedures ............................................................................................................ 27
5.3.1 Swellex Style Bolts ....................................................................................................................................... 27
5.3.2 Split Sets ...................................................................................................................................................... 28
5.3.3 Cable Anchors ............................................................................................................................................. 28
5.3.4 Mesh ............................................................................................................................................................ 30
5.3.5 Spiling .......................................................................................................................................................... 31
5.3.6 Shotcrete...................................................................................................................................................... 31
5.4 Training and Competency .................................................................................................................................. 32
5.4.1 Safe Work Procedure (SWP) ....................................................................................................................... 33
5.4.2 Training of Workforce ................................................................................................................................... 33
5.4.3 Training of Supervision ................................................................................................................................ 33
5.4.4 Ground Control Hazard Awareness ............................................................................................................. 33
5.5 Dangerous Occurrences, Reportable Incidents and Unusual Occurrences ....................................................... 33
5.5.1 Underground Procedure if Dangerous Occurrences, Reportable Incident, or Unusual Occurrence is

Encountered ................................................................................................................................................. 34
5.5.2 Reporting Procedure in the Event of a Dangerous Occurrence ................................................................... 35
5.5.3 Reporting Procedure in the Event of a Reportable Incident ......................................................................... 35
5.5.4 Unusual Occurrences................................................................................................................................... 36
6.0 VERIFICATION AND QUALITY CONTROL ................................................................................................................... 37
6.1 Objective ............................................................................................................................................................ 37
6.2 Inspections and Monitoring ................................................................................................................................ 37
6.2.1 Active Workings – Daily Inspections ............................................................................................................ 37
6.2.2 Periodic Engineering Inspections ................................................................................................................. 37
6.2.3 Review and Audit of Ground Control Management Plan .............................................................................. 37
6.2.4 External Geotechnical Reviews ................................................................................................................... 38
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6.3 Ground Support Testing .................................................................................................................................... 38
6.3.1 Rock Bolts .................................................................................................................................................... 38
6.3.1.1 Bolt and Head Strength Testing ................................................................................................................ 38
6.3.1.2 Bond Strength Testing .............................................................................................................................. 39
6.3.2 Shotcrete...................................................................................................................................................... 39
6.3.3 CRF.............................................................................................................................................................. 39
6.4 Ground Support Task Observation .................................................................................................................... 40
6.5 As Built Documentation (Survey) ....................................................................................................................... 40
6.5.1 Geotechnical Mine Plan ............................................................................................................................... 40
6.6 Geotechnical Data Verification........................................................................................................................... 40
6.6.1 Collection of Geotechnical Mapping Data .................................................................................................... 40
7.0 SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS ........................................................................................................................................ 41
TABLES
Table 1: Summary of Rock Type Unit Weights for use in Geotechnical Analyses.................................................................... 10
Table 2: Summary of Intact Rock Strengths Selected for use in Geotechnical Analyses ......................................................... 10
Table 3: Summary of Intact Rock Elastic Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio Values for use in Geotechnical Analyses.................. 11
Table 4: Rock Mass Rating (RMR76) Values for 2016 Geotechnical Drillholes in the Bonanza Ledge Pit Area ....................... 11
Table 5: Rock Mass Quality (Q’) Values for 2016 Geotechnical Drillholes in the Bonanza Ledge Pit Area ............................. 12
Table 6: RMR76 and Q' Site-Specific Rock Mass Quality Rating System ................................................................................. 12
Table 7: Estimated Ranges of Rock Mass Classification for Different Rock Types .................................................................. 12
Table 8: Open Stope Rock Mass Inputs ................................................................................................................................... 16
Table 9: General Longitudinal Stoping Dimensions ................................................................................................................. 16
Table 10: Crown Pillar Rock Mass Inputs................................................................................................................................. 17
Table 11: Crown Pillar Stope Dimensions ................................................................................................................................ 18
Table 12: Preliminary Minimum Ground Support Recommendations ....................................................................................... 23
Table 13: Preliminary Minimum Intersection Ground Support Recommendations ................................................................... 24
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DEFINITIONS
Term Definition
BGM Barkerville Gold Mines Ltd.
Golder Golder Associates Ltd. – Geotechnical Consultants
TMCC Thyssen Mining Construction of Canada Ltd. – Mining Contractor
InnovExplo InnovExplo – Mine Design Consultants
Bonanza Ledge gold mine – all surface and underground workings relating to the mining
Bonanza Ledge
operations of the Bonanza Ledge mine.
Someone who has demonstrable knowledge, experience and skills in all of the
Competent areas / disciplines that are relevant to the specific ground conditions prevalent at the
Person mine. Demonstration of this competence shall be through either appropriate tertiary
qualification, accreditation, or membership.
Ground that has been evaluated by a competent person and deemed safe to enter for a
Secure Ground
specific task and duration.
Supported Ground that has been fully supported as specified by the GCMP, unless there is
Ground evidence to suggest that support elements have been compromised.
An uncontrolled fall of ground causing physical damage or the displacement of more
Dangerous than 50 tonnes of material; and
Occurrence
Unexpected and non-controlled extensive subsidence or caving of mine workings.
Reportable
A ‘dangerous occurrence’ that involves serious injury or death.
Incident
Any event or observation indicating ground control conditions that are out of the
ordinary and may result in a ‘dangerous occurrence’. This may include, but is not limited
to:
 Workplace closed because of ground conditions;
Unusual  Ground support damage (i.e., broken bolts, bagged screen, etc.);
Occurrence’
 Ground working (i.e., snapping, popping, ejection of small loose);
 Floor Heaving;
 Wall Buckling; and,
 Excessive back/wall closure.
A documented, auditable history of information pertaining to ground control issues and
Ground Control
associated responses. Not all elements need be recorded in a physical book, however,
Log Book
a document should exist which explains how the various elements are being addressed.
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Reference No. GAL092-1541337-51010-R-RevF 1
BONANZA LEDGE
FOREWORD
This draft framework Ground Control Management Plan (GCMP) for the Bonanza Ledge Mine is presented to
BGM for review and comment. Relevant sections pertaining to the geotechnical and mine design scopes of work
Golder has completed for BGM have been populated in this document. Golder has also been requested by BGM
to contact the underground mining contractor, TMCC, to obtain information and populate sections relevant to
their scope of work. Sections pending completion by BGM, and required feedback and verification from BGM
that the designs assumptions are valid are indicated throughout the document with comments.
The stope sequence to be employed at Bonanza Ledge is currently under review. The GCMP should be updated
to reflect the finalized stope mining and backfill sequence prior to the commencement of operations.
A summary of the outstanding elements that should be completed, or require further input from BGM or TMCC,
prior to the commencement of operations are as follows:
 Roles & Accountabilities;
 Document Control;
 Ground support design drawings indicating bolt spacing and bolt length;
 Unusual occurrence form;
 Ground Support Installation Procedures;
 CRF/Backfill implementation; and,
 Ground Support Task Observation.
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1.0 SCOPE
1.1 Purpose and Objective
The objective of the Ground Control Management Plan (GCMP) is to provide a comprehensive document
addressing all known issues pertaining to ground control management of the underground mining operation at
Bonanza Ledge. The purpose of this GCMP is to set out clearly and unambiguously the design criteria and the
ground support elements that will be installed in specific underground excavations under varying geological and
geotechnical conditions, differing purposes and sizes, and for different design life requirements. The GCMP plan
is to inform all personnel that are stakeholders to underground ground control as to their roles and responsibility
to ensure the safety of personnel and operations within the underground mine. The support standards are drawn
up in terms of generally accepted rock engineering practices. It is stressed that the support recommendations
set out in this document are the basic (or minimum) standards required to ensure the safety of personnel.
Modification and/or additional measures will be employed as and where necessary.
GCMP documents should be considered living critical Health & Safety documentation and will be the subject to
modification pending further geotechnical investigation and experience of the actual ground conditions
encountered during excavation. As more knowledge of the ground conditions are obtained, the document will be
revised to reflect this increased understanding.
1.2 Regulatory Requirements

All aspects of the construction and production of the Bonanza Ledge mine will comply with the Mines Act and the
accompanying Health, Safety and Reclamation Code for Mines in British Columbia (BC MEMPR 2008)
regulations. Health and safety assessments and audits of all underground construction activities and services,
including electrical power generation, electrical cable and connections, explosives storage and transport, ground
control, ventilation, traffic control, flammables, equipment maintenance, training, etc., will be conducted on a
regular basis to ensure compliance to the Mines Act. Experienced miners and Supervisors will be employed to
carry-out the work and associated administration of the project to ensure that safe working conditions are
maintained and overall construction objectives are met. The Mine Emergency Response Plan, as part of the
Occupational Health and Safety Plan, will be implemented throughout all Bonanza Ledge activities.
1.3 Ground Control Policy

The intent of the GCMP is to describe how BGM and TMCC will plan and operate the mine to prevent injury, to
personnel and protect equipment from rockfall related damage, and to maintain consistent operations without
unexpected delays due to ground control issues. The GCMP will also ensure that adequate consideration of
geotechnical conditions will be taken into account when planning and designing the mine and that the
development’s mineral assets are protected.
1.4 Accountability and Responsibilities

A register of all people with accountability and responsibility under this plan will lie with the Mine Manager. Each
nominated person will sign off as having read the plan and understand their accountability and responsibility.
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1.4.1 Owner and/or Owner’s Representative

1.4.1.1 Mine Manager
The Mine Manager has the overall responsibility for, and is the only official who may authorize the
implementation, review and revision of, the GCMP. The Operations Manager shall ensure that:
 suitably trained and qualified persons are formally appointed to the following positions:
 Mine General Foreman;

 Project Engineer;
 Underground Safety / Training Coordinator; and,
 Geotechnical Representative (Engineer or Geologist)
 the GCMP is implemented and all regulatory requirements are met
1.4.1.2 General Foreman

The Mine General Foreman (or delegate) shall ensure that:
 the GCMP is implemented and complied with, and all the requirements are met;
 Safe Work Practices are implemented and work practices are regularly monitored;
 adequate training is given to all underground personnel;
 suitable equipment is supplied and maintained to the specifications required for quality ground control; and,
 audit, review and quality assurance programs are carried out and documented regularly.
1.4.1.3 Technical Service Manager

The Technical Service Manager (or delegate) shall ensure that:
 the GCMP is implemented and updated when needed;
 competent geotechnical engineers/geologists are appointed;
 adequate training is given to the site based geotechnical engineers, geologists and mining engineers;
 training modules are developed and implemented through the site based Geotechnical Engineers/Ground
Control Geologists in conjunction with the Underground Training Coordinator; and,
 SWPs are developed, monitored, and modified when needed, in conjunction with the Health and Safety
Department.
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1.4.1.4 Geotechnical Representative (Engineer/Geologist)

The Geotechnical Representative (or delegate) shall ensure that:
 the GCMP is implemented and updated regularly;
 major geotechnical aspects are adequately considered in relation to mine design and planning;
 monitoring, auditing, and testing systems are developed and maintained;
 on-going mapping/data collection is carried out to identify variations in ground conditions;
 in the case where ground conditions are not as expected and at the request of the mining contractor, to
inspect the ground prior to installation of the ground support and determine whether the planned ground
support is sufficient or not; and,
 in case the ground support is not sufficient, to provide an alternate ground support plan.
1.4.2 Underground Mining Contractor

1.4.2.1 Project Manager
The Project Manager (or delegate) shall ensure that:
 the GCMP is implemented and complied with, and all the requirements are met;
 Safe Work Practices are implemented and work practices are regularly monitored;
 adequate training is given to all underground personnel;
 suitable equipment is supplied and maintained to the specifications required for quality ground control; and,
 audit, review and quality assurance programs are carried out and documented regularly.
1.4.2.2 Mine Foreman and Shift Supervisor

The Mine General Foreman and Shift Supervisors (or delegate) shall ensure that:
 the newly blasted rounds are inspected prior to installation of the ground support and determine whether
the ground conditions are as expected or if additional ground support may be required;
 in the case where ground conditions are not as expected and additional support is thought to be necessary,
to contact the geotechnical representative for inspection prior to ground support installation;
 the work sites and the travel ways are adequately supported through adherence to the ground control
requirements set out in the layouts;
 SWPs are implemented and monitored to ensure compliance;
 ensure any unusual ground conditions are noted and brought to the attention of the engineering group;
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 all personnel receive appropriate training to work safely and fulfil their required tasks;
 the designed support/ reinforcement is installed to the specified standards; and,
 reports on ground falls, and variations to ground support standards are addressed and distributed as
required.
1.4.2.3 Miners/All Underground Employees

All operational personnel shall ensure that:
 no work is undertaken without a plan;
 no one is to work under or travel under unsupported ground at any time, without inspection and
written approval by a competent geotechnical professional engineer;
 only work in line with current competencies is undertaken;
 SWPs are followed;
 ground conditions are inspected in line with Workplace Shift Inspections at every work site;
 ground conditions are monitored during the shift for the presence of loose or unstable ground;
 if the hazard can be eliminated safely by manual scaling then the worker(s) discovering the situation are
responsible to rectify the hazard if they are trained and ticketed to do so;
 if any rock noise is heard or the ground being worked is unsafe and the worker(s) are unable to rectify the
hazard safely, to withdraw and barricade the area, then immediately notify the Supervisor; and,
 relevant information in relation to ground conditions/support is reported back to the Shift Supervisor and
Geotechnical Representative.
1.5 Mandatory Requirements

 NO PERSON IS TO ENTER UNSUPPORTED GROUND WITHOUT INSPECTION AND WRITTEN
APPROVAL BY A COMPETENT GEOTECHNICAL PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER.
 Supported (secured) ground is deemed to be ground where a complete ground support system has been
applied as per required standards.
 All excavations must conform to, or exceed the minimum ground control standards specified in this
document.
 All ground control work must follow established SWPs.
 All personnel must inspect ground conditions and check the adequacy of ground control when entering an
underground heading/access/work area.
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 All personnel must immediately report uncontrolled falls of ground and ground control hazards to their
immediate supervisor who will be responsible for follow up and documentation.
 All reports of conditions requiring actions outside of standard work will be recorded in the Ground Control
Log Book and followed-up with a documented Work Place Inspection (WPI) to ensure the efficacy of the
remedial action.
1.6 Document Control

The GCMP document is a controlled document that requires input from management, engineering, health &
safety, and human resources personnel. It is the responsibility of the user of this document that the latest version
of the GCMP document is being used. The GCMP document will be reviewed and updated on a yearly basis or
when a major element of the GCMP requires adjustment. The GCMP will be approved by BGM Management.
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2.0 MINE SETTING

Information in supporting documents has been used to compile the following sections.
The Cariboo Gold Belt that hosts the Bonanza Ledge deposit is located near Wells, BC and extends
2
approximately 35 km southeast, and 26 km northwest from Wells, covering approximately 1,177km .
The underground will be accessed via a portal. Add a figure showing the layout of the mine on surface, the
planned underground workings, and the mine access and any escape or ventilation way locations.
2.1 Geological and Geotechnical Characteristics

2.1.1 Geology
The Cariboo Gold Belt that hosts the Bonanza Ledge deposit is located near Wells, BC and extends
2
approximately 35 km southeast, and 26 km northwest from Wells, covering approximately 1,177km . The
Bonanza Ledge deposit is located on the southwest flank of the Barkerville Mountain, approximately three
kilometres southeast of the town of Wells. The country rock is comprised mostly of phyllitic, argillitic and
quartzitic rocks within the Lowhee and Rainbow Units of the Barkerville Terrane. The main mineralized zone is a
pyrite replacement style of mineralization hosted within the Lowhee Unit, at the footwall of the Rainbow Unit. The
Bonanza Ledge deposit consists of the pyrite replacement style of mineralization and an extension of the
mineralization into the BC Vein mineralogy labelled the BC Vein Extension (BC Veine).
2.2 Geotechnical Properties

2.2.1 Geotechnical Domains (Rock Types)
The geotechnical domains at Bonanza Ledge have been defined by the following rock types:
 Psammite;
 Calcareous Pelite;
 Carbonaceous Pelite;
 BC Veine (Brecciated Quartz Vein); and,
 Green Pelite.
2.2.2 Rock Mass Geotechnical Data

A summary of the rock mass geotechnical data collected from geotechnical and exploration core logging,
including laboratory test results, and the current data review are presented in the following sections. These data
are used as an input to the mine design and determination of ground support requirements. If during early
underground development these key design input parameters are observed or measured to be different during
planned verification processes, these changes must be fed back into the design process.
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Ongoing updates to the rock mass geotechnical data through updated laboratory testing, drilling, underground
mapping and operational observations will be required.
2.2.2.1 Intact Rock Parameters

2.2.2.1.1 Unit Weight
Representative unit weights, based on laboratory testing, for each of the five major rock types for use in
geotechnical analyses are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1: Summary of Rock Type Unit Weights for use in Geotechnical Analyses
Design Unit Weight, γ
Geotechnical Domain 3
(tonnes/m )
Psammite 2.8
Calcareous Pelite 3.0
Carbonaceous Pelite 2.8
Quartz 2.8
Green Pelite 2.9
2.2.2.1.2 Strength
Representative rock strengths, for use in geotechnical analyses, were developed for each of the five major rock
types and summarized in Table 2.
Table 2: Summary of Intact Rock Strengths Selected for use in Geotechnical Analyses
Design Intact Rock Strength, σci
Geotechnical Domain
(MPa)
Psammite 43
Calcareous Pelite 34
Carbonaceous Pelite 24
Quartz 55
Green Pelite 46
2.2.2.1.3 Elastic Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio

Representative elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio values based on laboratory testing and published values for
similar rock types, were developed for each of the five major rock types for use in geotechnical analyses and are
summarized in Table 3.
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Table 3: Summary of Intact Rock Elastic Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio Values for use in Geotechnical
Analyses
Intact Rock Elastic Modulus
Rock Type Intact Rock Poisson’s Ratio
(GPa)
Psammite 32.8 0.35
Calcareous Pelite 50.2 0.29
Carbonaceous Pelite 52.8 0.13
BC Veine (Quartz) 75.0 0.26
Green Pelite 58.7 0.50
2.2.2.1.4 Rock Mass Classification

The geotechnical core logging was completed in accordance with the CSIR Rock Mass Rating, RMR76
(Bieniawski 1976), and the modified NGI Rock Mass Quality Q-system, Q’ (Barton 1974). The data collected was
processed to produce both RMR76 and Q’ ratings.
When the geotechnical data were reviewed, the Carbonaceous Pelite rock type appeared to vary in quality in
relation to its colour. Upon inspection of the core photos and logging interval data, the rock type was separated
into Black and Grey, a visual distinction of one domain with more graphite and what appeared to be poorer
overall rock quality. Approximately two thirds (67%) of the Carbonaceous Pelite logged was classified as Black,
and the remaining one third (33%) was classified as Grey. Geotechnical summary statistics for each of these
sub-types of Carbonaceous Pelite are also presented.
Table 4: Rock Mass Rating (RMR76) Values for 2016 Geotechnical Drillholes in the Bonanza Ledge Pit
Area
RMR76
Rock Type
Minimum Length-Weighted Mean Maximum
Psammite 18 60 87
Calcareous Pelite 18 67 87
Carbonaceous Pelite (All) 18 62 87
Carbonaceous Pelite (Grey) 18 68 82
Carbonaceous Pelite (Black) 18 59 87
BC Veine (Brecciated Quartz) 23 49 74
Green Pelite 55 74 89
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Table 5: Rock Mass Quality (Q’) Values for 2016 Geotechnical Drillholes in the Bonanza Ledge Pit Area
2016 Q’
Rock Type
25% 50% (Median) 75%
Psammite 0.1 14.2 48.4
Calcareous Pelite 11.6 49.2 99.5
Carbonaceous Pelite (All) 14.6 33.3 88.7
Carbonaceous Pelite (Grey) 32.4 50.0 100.0
Carbonaceous Pelite (Black) 9.2 24.2 75.0
BC Veine (Brecciated Quartz) 6.5 13.2 33.6
Green Pelite 28.1 73.3 100.0
A site-specific correlation between Q’ and RMR76 was developed based on the geotechnical data collected from
BGM-16-248 and BGM-16-260. The Bonanza Ledge Q’ – RMR76 relationship follows the equation below.
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅76 = 7.5𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝑄𝑄′ + 40
Site-specific ranges of rock mass quality have been developed based on observed conditions and statistical
analyses. The site-specific ranges and corresponding descriptions for RMR76 and Q’ are presented in Table 6.
The estimated ranges of rock mass classification for different rock types are presented in Table 7.
Table 6: RMR76 and Q' Site-Specific Rock Mass Quality Rating System
RMR76 Rating Description Q’ Rating Description
100 – 75 Very Good Rock > 100 Very Good
55 – 74 Good Rock 100 – 7 Good
54 – 35 Fair Rock 7 – 0.5 Fair
< 35 Poor to Very Poor Rock < 0.5 Poor to Very Poor
Table 7: Estimated Ranges of Rock Mass Classification for Different Rock Types
Rock Mass Estimated Percentage within Rock Type
Rock Type
Classification (%)
Good 65
Psammite Fair 20
Poor 15
Good 90
Calcareous Pelite Fair Localized areas of fair/poor ground of
Poor thickness 1-2 m
Good 75
Carbonaceous Pelite (All) Fair 20
Poor 5
Good 35
BC Veine Fair 50
Poor 15
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2.2.3 Rock Mass Structure

2.2.3.1 Major Structural Features
The BC Veine strikes northwest–southeast, dips steeply to the northeast. It divides the Bonanza Ledge deposit
into two geologic units: the Green Pelite in the Rainbow Unit exposed on the north side of the pit, and the
Lowhee Units exposed on the south side of the pit.
With the exception of the BC Veine, no other faults or structural data in the area of the Bonanza Ledge deposit
have been identified at this time.
2.2.3.2 Rock Mass Fabric

Well-defined foliation was evident in the core and the pit walls during the site visit for all rock types. This foliation
is sub-parallel to the BC Veine.
2.2.3.3 Qualitative Assessment of Rock Type Contact Zones

A qualitative assessment of the quality of the rock at the contacts between rock types was carried out as part of
the geotechnical core logging program and the compilation of the available geotechnical and exploration drilling
data. Contact zones between the Psammite, Calcareous Pelite, Carbonaceous Pelite, and the BC Veine are
typically sheared and exhibit zones approximately 1 to 2 m thick that are considerably weaker than the
associated surrounding rock type. The exact modeled locations of the geological contacts between the
Psammite,
Calcareous Pelite, and Carbonaceous Pelite are not currently known.
The visual identification of the Psammite, Calcareous Pelite, and Carbonaceous Pelite contacts is fairly distinct
and it is not anticipated that the contact locations will vary significantly to adversely affect the design of the
stopes. The geological distinction between the Carbonaceous Pelite and the BC Veine is more difficult to identify
and is in relatively close proximity to designed stopes. Over the course of the geotechnical investigations, the
location of the BC Veine has been remodelled and updated by InnovExplo. The updated location of the
Carbonaceous Pelite/BC Veine contact, has shifted horizontally to the northeast by up to 10 m. Due the weak
nature of the contact between the Carbonaceous Pelite and the BC Veine and the uncertainty in the location of
the contact, for geotechnical assessment purposes, any part of a stope within 10 m of the updated modelled
contact should be considered as being within the Carbonaceous Pelite/BC Veine contact.
2.2.4 In Situ Stress Regime

No in situ stress data is available in the area of the Bonanza Ledge, and to our knowledge no testing has been
carried out at the property. Based on Golder’s previous experience and knowledge of the Cariboo District, and
understanding of the surrounding environment of the Bonanza Ledge Deposit, the ratio of isotropic horizontal
stress to vertical stress was assumed to be 1:1 (i.e., 𝜎𝜎ℎ = 𝜎𝜎𝑣𝑣 ).
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2.2.5 Hydrogeology
To be completed with potential input from KCB and TMCC. Details should include anticipated inflows into
development and whether groundwater is expected to be a concern with regards to ground support installation
and life cycle.
2.2.6 Footwall and Hangingwall Nomenclature

Due to the geological nature of the Bonanza Ledge deposit, the SW mineralised contact behaves at times as a
mining footwall (FW) and at times a mining hangingwall (HW). For the purposes of the mine design, the
nomenclature “footwall” is considered to be the mining footwall of a designed stope and the nomenclature
“hangingwall” is considered to be mining hangingwall of a designed stope. All geological references will be made
in reference to mine north. The FW is typically the west side of the contact, while the HW is typically the east
side of the contact.
2.3 Underground Mining Approach

The current pit bottom is approximately 36 m below the estimated original ground topography. The two
underground mining horizons that have been planned are located 40 m and 15 m below the bottom of the pit,
and these are referred to as the 1398 Level and 1425 Level respectively.
A longitudinal open stoping mining method will be employed with cemented rock fill (CRF) backfill placed in
areas that can be accessed for placement. A finalized stope sequence has not yet been determined. The
general sequence of mining will follow a pyramidal retreat sequence. Each subsequent adjacent stope, above or
beside, will not be mined until the CRF placed in the preceding stope has cured.
2.3.1 Stoping
Longhole open stoping with cemented rock fill backfill (CRF), was selected as a mining method to accommodate
the geometry of the Bonanza Ledge ore body. Open stoping is a highly selective extraction method, which allows
for extraction of the ore body without having to mine the surrounding country rock. In the case of the
Bonanza Ledge deposit, the excavated stopes will require artificial support in the form of CRF and rockfill where
planned.
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The stopes will be mined from the bottom 1398 level to the top 1425 level in a pyramidal style, focusing on the
southern and northeastern stopes followed by the northwestern stopes underlying the pit. The stopes will be
extracted one at a time and have been given a specific mining sequence to ensure stability throughout the
mining process. Remote mucking of the stope will begin once the brow becomes open. Once empty, the stopes
will be backfilled via truck with a waste dump bumper placed at the top level to prevent the equipment from
entering
the stope. Once the backfill has reached the stope top level, the waste dumper block will be removed and a
tele-operated LHD will be used to complete backfilling. The pit floor stopes, those between the pit floor and the
1425 Level, will be extracted from the 1425 Level as five stopes that daylight to surface. Four of these stopes
comprise the main pit floor stoping and a single stope to the southeast daylights to the southeast edge of the pit
floor. Backfilling of the pit floor stopes will be done through the open pit floor. Stopes mucked from the 1425
Level that do not daylight to surface and stopes mucked from the 1398 Level that do not extend up to the 1425
Level will not be backfilled.
2.3.2 Life of Mine and Service Requirements

Bonanza Ledge mine has a 2 year life of mine expectancy, 5 months construction and development period,
followed by a 19 month production period, based on the current mineable reserves at a cut-off grade of 3.5 g/t.
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3.0 DESIGN
Information in supporting documents has been used to compile the following sections. The latest optimized stope
and development design is presented in the Golder Optimized Stope and Development Design deliverable
(Reference No. GAL 132 -1541337-51020-PP-Rev0).
3.1 Mine Design

3.1.1 Open Stope Dimensions
The Mathews open stope stability design method is an empirical approach that involves comparing proposed
stope dimensions to both stable and unstable cases elsewhere in similar rock conditions. Numerous versions of
the Mathews method exist with slight variations in results, and the selection of the appropriate method depends
on the orebody and mining parameters proposed and the experience of the user with any particular method. For
the purposes of this study, the updated open stope stability graph approach (Stewart and Forsyth 1995) has
been selected to assess, in part, the open stope dimension.
This method is most applicable to assessing the stability of primary standalone stopes prior to secondary and
tertiary mining. These stability estimates are downgraded when assessing secondary and tertiary stope
dimensions to account for the effects of mining stopes adjacent to one another.
The initially designed maximum stope dimensions were determined through discussions with OsiskoGR and
InnovExplo, based upon the dimensions of Bonanza Ledge deposit, observed rock mass quality from core
samples, and industry rules of thumb. The actual geometry of the proposed stopes was developed using mine
shape optimizing software (MSO) and the designs were provided to Golder by InnovExplo on February 26, 2016.
Initial open stope stability graph analyses were carried out using the geotechnical design inputs and stope
dimensions outlined in Table 8 and Table 9.
Table 8: Open Stope Rock Mass Inputs
Q’ Summary Statistics
Stope Area
Low Rock Type Median Rock Type High Rock Type
Back 6.5 BC Veine 49.2 Calcareous Pelite 99.5 Calcareous Pelite
Vertical End 6.5 BC Veine 49.2 Calcareous Pelite 99.5 Calcareous Pelite
Hangingwall 6.5 BC Veine 49.2 Calcareous Pelite 99.5 Calcareous Pelite
Carbonaceous Pelite
Footwall 11.6 49.2 Calcareous Pelite 99.5 Calcareous Pelite
(Black)
Table 9: General Longitudinal Stoping Dimensions

Designed Designed Modeled
Dimensions Minimum Average Maximum Dimensions
(m) (m) (m)
(a) (b)
Vertical Height (m) 8 20.8 29.5 29
Horizontal Span (m) 5.5 10.7 15 15
Strike Length (m) 10 16.8 25.4 15
HW/FW Dip (deg) 60 80 90 80
a) Including top and bottom drifts.
b) Design height for 1398 Level stopes.
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Based on expected ground conditions, all of the proposed stopes plot within the stable zone of the
Mathew’s assessment. Therefore for the purpose of mine layout and design, these stope dimensions will be
used and they should not be exceeded (for example by over blasting or incomplete backfilling of primary stopes
prior to extraction of adjacent stopes).
Once stoping commences and stope performance can be observed, actual performance will be plotted on the
Matthew’s graph and compared to designed dimensions. Optimization of stope dimensions to be used in layout
of the mine will be continuously updated based on actual observed stope performance. Changes to these
maximum stope dimensions should be carried out by either an internal or external geotechnical engineer familiar
with open stope design.
3.1.2 Overbreak Slough Estimate

The Equivalent Linear Overbreak Slough (ELOS) method (Clark and Pakalnis 1997) was used to estimate open
stope wall slough. Identical inputs were used in the ELOS analysis as were used in the updated open stope
stability graph assessment discussed in Section 3.1.
The majority of the ELOS estimates are less than 0.5 m. A qualitative assessment of the contacts between rock
types (Section 2.2.3.3) determined a zone of material approximately 1 to 2 m thick that is considerably weaker
than the overall quality of the associated surrounding rock type. Where these contacts are present, it is expected
that the majority of this rock of reduced rock mass quality will slough into the stope during mining, resulting in
more slough than the ELOS prediction.
3.1.3 Carter Scaled Crown Pillar Stability Assessment

The Carter scaled span method (Carter 2000) is an empirical design method that has been developed from a
number of case studies of crown pillars that were nominally stable when active mining ceased but then failed at
some point following mining (any time from immediately after active mining to decades after mine closure). This
approach is commonly used for crown pillar stability assessment and is considered a credible approach to
evaluate the required crown pillar thickness to maintain stability.
The focus of this assessment is to verify the MSO design stope dimensions for crown pillar stability of the
Bonanza Ledge Underground at the base of the existing Bonanza Ledge Pit.
Based on the MSO stope designs, crown pillars will remain above all 1425 Level stopes that are not excavated
to surface. The scaled span analyses were carried out using the geotechnical design inputs outlined in Table 10
and the stope dimensions in Table 11. The geotechnical inputs of rock mass quality assigned to each stope
correspond to the most prevalent rock type expected for that specific stope dimension.
All of the proposed crown pillar geometries plot within the stable zone of the Carter’s assessment, based on
expected ground conditions.
Table 10: Crown Pillar Rock Mass Inputs
Stope Rock Type Q’ Summary Statistics
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Stope Rock Type Q’ Summary Statistics
Low Median High

(a)
CH1425-16 Carbonaceous Pelite 9.2 33.3 88.7
(a)
(a)
(a)
Combined CH1425-17/19 Carbonaceous Pelite 9.2 33.3 88.7
CH1425-21 Calcareous Pelite 11.6 49.2 99.5
Combined CH1425-24/25 Calcareous Pelite 11.6 49.2 99.5
a) Low value assumed as Black Carbonaceous Pelite.
Table 11: Crown Pillar Stope Dimensions

(a) Minimum
HW Dip Span Strike Length
Stope Thickness/Height
(deg) (m) (m)
(m)
CH1425-16 75 6.5 14.7 23.7
CH1425-17 79 11.5 10.6 23.8
(b)
CH1425-19 90 16.6 10.8 5.0
Combined CH1425-17/19 79 13.0 10.6 28.8
CH1425-21 58 7.9 10.7 17.0
CH1425-24 65 7.0 2.0 15.0
CH1425-25 65 6.0 22.5 10.5
(c)
Combined CH1425-24/25 65 6.5 14.0 25.5
a) Average span of proposed stope.
b) Maximum span portion of CH1425-19 stope.
c) Average pillar thickness.
3.1.4 Other Potential Failure Modes

3.1.4.1 Foliation
Foliation that is pervasive throughout the deposit may negatively impact stope wall stability, particularly within
the zones of relaxation that are expected to form around all stope openings. These zones of relaxation form from
the loss of confinement due to mining, and may allow kinematically free wedges, unsupported by active ground
support or backfill, to become unstable and fail.
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Overbreak slough estimates have taken into account the presence of foliation on an individual stope basis,
however, the mining of the central pit floor stopes (CH1425-15, CH1425-18, CH1425-20, and CH1425-22) will
result in the stope walls being exposed to surface, thus further expanding this zone of relaxation and potentially
impacting the stability of the southwest stope walls beneath the southwest pit wall. The orientation of the
observed foliation, in combination with the relaxed state of the stope walls, is such that release planes along
foliation within the southwest pit wall, dipping into the central pit floor stopes, may become potential failure
planes for release into the open stopes. As such, based on experience, it can be expected that some additional
dilution from the southwest walls will occur due to the orientation of the foliation. However, the degree and
persistence of the foliation is not known at this time, and therefore the degree to which these conditions affect
the southwest wall stability is difficult to quantify.
3.1.4.2 Geological Structures

Based on the Carter scaled span stability assessment, it is expected that the proposed crown pillars adjacent to
the BC Veine will remain stable. However due to the critical location of these crown pillars at the base of the
northeast pit highwall, further investigation into the effects of a potential crown pillar failure was undertaken
(Golder 2016). Based on these additional investigations, failure of the crown pillar adjacent to the BC Veine is
not expected to have a negative impact on the overall stability of the northeast highwall (Golder 2016), nor is it
expected to have a negative impact on the stability of any other stopes which are not close to stopes adjacent to
the BC Veine.
3.1.5 Pillar Design

Any pillars left in place as ground support must be designed by a geotechnical engineer and clearly marked on
mine plans.
3.1.6 Backfill Design

Most stopes in the underground workings at Bonanza Ledge mine will require backfill. Stopes that will not have
any mining completed immediately adjacent will be backfilled with unconsolidated rock fill and stopes that will
have mining completed directly adjacent will be filled with cemented rock fill (CRF). Waste rock from UG
development and from surface stockpiles will be used to back fill the stopes. CRF placement methods to ensure
tight filling of stopes may include, but is not limited to, the use of high slump material to flow into remaining void
areas left by conventional CRF placement methods.
The CRF will consist of water, waste rock, cement retardant (an admixture that retards the hardening of the
concrete) and normal Portland cement. The exact quantities of the CRF ingredients will depend on the location
of the stope and the anticipated largest span of the CRF wall. Minimum baseline strength requirements for non-
undercut cemented rock backfill configurations is 1 MPa but may be adjusted to meet ground stability
requirements.
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3.1.7 Stope Sequencing

At this stage of planning the stope sequence is yet to be finalized, however the stope sequence will be designed
to minimize geotechnical instability associated with the mining stopes out of sequence. Deviation from the
proposed stope sequence could result in adverse ground conditions and impact on stope and backfill
performance.
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4.0 GROUND SUPPORT DESIGN

General ground support requirements for various development areas are presented below.
Ground support may need to be modified when additional rock mass quality domain studies and kinematic
stability assessments are completed during future design studies. Requirements will be reviewed annually and
revised based on current operational considerations and observed ground conditions in development and
production mining.
4.1 Ground Support Elements

The following ground support elements will be used at Bonanza Ledge and their assumed capacity used in
design calculation is provided below.
 Rock Bolts:
 Standard Swellex – PM12 (or equivalent), 10 tonne breaking capacity.

 Super Swellex – PM24 (or equivalent), 24 tonne breaking capacity.
 Split Sets – SS 33 (or equivalent), 10 tonne breaking capacity. For use in short term development walls
(i.e., stoping top and bottom access development), in good quality ground, up to 5 m high only.
 Cable Bolts:
 Single cable, bulbed, 5/8” - 25 tonne breaking capacity.
 Plates:
 Rock bolt plates:

− Standard – 8 tonnes capacity.
− Super – 18 tonnes capacity.
 Swellex Mesh Washers (Standard and Super) – 1.2 tonne capacity (for mesh installation only).
 Cable bolt plates – 15 tonne capacity.
 Mesh:
 No. 6 gauge welded wire mesh.

 No. 0 gauge welded wire mesh straps.
 Spiling:
 No. 7 rebar, 24 tonne breaking capacity.
 Shotcrete:
 Minimum 8 hour strength of 5 MPa.

 Minimum 28 day strength of 35 MPa.
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4.2 Ground Support Design of New Development Openings

The ground support design approach follows the industry accepted benchmark for planning by using empirical
guidelines to choose ground support type and capacity (e.g. rock bolt density or shotcrete thickness) and using
the ½ the opening span rule to determine rock bolt length. The current support designs do not yet address the
site specific needs to support wedges formed by the dominant discontinuity sets.
Ground support design drawings indicating bolt spacing and bolt length are to be completed prior to the
commencement of mining.
4.2.1 Permanent Openings

Due to the limited mine life of the Bonanza Ledge mine, permanent openings such as maintenance shops will be
located on surface. A permanent mine refuge station will not be constructed, a portable ‘Tommyknocker’ style
unit will be used.
4.2.2 Development Openings

4.2.2.1 Empirical Ground Support Design
The critical span design curve (Wang 2004) was used to assess stability, using standard 1.2 m pattern rock bolt
ground support, for development up to 5 m wide.
The spans for single headings are measured as the horizontal span. Spans in the intersections are measured as
the diameter of the inscribed circle (simply the diameter of the largest circle that can be drawn inside the plan of
an intersection), allowing for a total of 0.8 m of overbreak of corners.
4.2.2.2 Kinematic Support Design Checks

Kinematic assessments of standard ground support designs have been completed based on assumed joint
plane orientations applied to create a wedge structure with an apex height at one-half the intersection span and
a target factor of safety greater than 1.2.
Underground structure mapping and location specific kinematic design checks will be performed as development
of underground workings advances, particularly in intersections and stope top cuts. Additional support may be
required in areas adversely affected by jointing and rock structures.
4.2.2.3 Development Drifts

Ground support recommendations have been developed based on the expected range of rock mass conditions
for standard development dimensions (Table 12).
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Table 12: Preliminary Minimum Ground Support Recommendations
Drift Bolt Length Std. Swellex Bolt

Rock (m) Short Flash Shotcrete
RMR76 Dimensions Spacing Spiling (b) Mesh
Quality Rounds Shotcrete (cm)
(w x h) (m) Back Walls
(1) (m)
(2) back and

Good >55 5 x 4.75 2.1 1.8 1.2 - - - -
shoulders
Fair 35-55 5 x 4.75 2.1 1.8 1.2 possibly - - to sill 5
Poor <35 5 x 4.75 2.1 1.8 1.2 yes yes possibly to sill 7.5
a) Rebar and split set bolts may be used in walls less than 5 m high in short term development headings (i.e., stoping top and bottom access development).
b) A thin layer of shotcrete is applied immediately after mucking, prior to bolting, to enhance stand-up time at the face.
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4.2.2.4 Intersections
In addition to the standard support specifications in Section 4.2.2.3, Table 13 presents bolt length and spacing
for connectable Super Swellex type bolts in 3- and 4-way intersections for the range of rock quality domains
anticipated. The largest span determined for 5 m wide drift intersections includes typical overbreak seen on
intersection corners (up to a total of 0.8 m). Any drift intersection that exceeds a width of 7.5 m will require a
site-specific ground support design to be completed by a geotechnical representative.
Table 13: Preliminary Minimum Intersection Ground Support Recommendations
Largest Span Bolt Bolt
Rock 3 or 4 Way
RMR76 (incl. overbreak) Length Spacing Comments
Quality Intersection
(m) (m) (m)
Good >55 4 7.5 4.0 2.0 -

Additional shotcrete required
Fair 35-55 4 7.5 4.0 2.0
and possible frequent rehab
Poor <35 4 7.5 Not recommended/detailed support plan required
4.3 1425 Level Access Drift Open Stope Wall Support

Access drift hangingwall and footwall cablebolt support will be employed to help maintain the stability of the
1425 Level development access walls that will be significantly undercut by the 1398 Level stoping. It is critical
that the undercutting stopes be filled as much as possible (high slump material may be placed to reduce
the void space), as soon as possible, and that hangingwall/footwall cablebolt support be installed to reduce
potential wall failure.
Hangingwall/footwall cablebolt support will be installed in the walls of the 1425 Level stoping access
development to reduce stope wall/back sloughage due to undercutting of the walls and/or excessive
unsupported stand-up time.
As preliminary design, a fan of three 5 m long cablebolts installed in the wall at 2.5 m intervals along the stoping
access level; however, detailed specific cablebolt wall support designs will be required for each affected area.
Detailed geotechnical mapping will be conducted of the 1425 Level access drifts to accurately determine the in
situ rock quality and structure of the drifts. Specific cable bolt designs will be completed based upon the mapped
geotechnical data and the proposed stoping geometry.
4.4 Rehabilitation of Existing Development Openings

Based on assessment of the current condition of the existing portal and the effort required for rehabilitation, an
alternate nearby location will be selected for a new portal excavation and a new ramp to access the orebody.
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4.5 Mining Adjacent to Existing (Historic) Mine Openings

Historic mine openings exist at the Bonanza Ledge deposit. The main decline will be expanded and rehabilitated
(Section 4.4.) The remaining excavations are not currently within the planned development plan, but
may be rehabilitated and accessed for future works such as, but not limited to, exploration drilling. The
underground test stope has been mostly mined through the open pit, however, the bottom portion, approximately
4-5 m deep, 3-4 m wide and 40 m in length lays at the current pit bottom, if filled with unconsolidated rock and
overlies stopes CH1425-15 and CH1425-18. It is not anticipated that the presence of unconsolidated rock in this
location will hinder mining operations.
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5.0 IMPLEMENTATION
The approach to implementation of the mine layout and ground support designs in the underground are
described in this section.
5.1 Communication
Communication of ground control issues and concerns among technical, operational and management staff, and
between shifts takes place at several levels and includes:
 shift boss log book;
 ground control log book;
 face to face meeting of the shift supervisors between shifts;
 verbal communication by the crews at shift change;
 daily production meetings attended by TTCM and BGM representatives; and,
 ground control directives issued by the Geotechnical Representative.
It is important that all ground concerns are reported so that they can be documented and any trends identified
early.
The communication of dangerous occurrences, reportable incidents and unusual occurrences will be discussed
in Section 5.5.
5.1.1 Ground Control Log Book

The Ground Control Log book will be used as the primary documentation tool for all ground control related
concerns. All underground employees are encouraged to document any and all ground control related concerns
in the Ground Control Log book. The shift supervisor must document any ground control related concerns
verbally related to him/her, into the Ground Control Log book.
Each entry must be read and acknowledged (inside 24 hours) in a timely manner by the
BGM Geotechnical Representative, the TMCC Mine Technical Services Manager, the Mine Foreman and all
Shift Supervisors. A formal response plan will be issued by the BGM Geotechnical Representative (or designate)
and implemented by TMCC in a timely manner. Inspection and sign off of the completed response plan will be
documented in the Ground Control Log book.
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5.2 Scaling
Where general scaling of the back, walls and face is required, persons who carry out such works must be
competent and ticketed to do so.
The five basic rules of scaling are:
1) have a secure footing;
2) ensure a safe retreat is available;
3) start in good ground, working towards bad ground, sound as you go;
4) drop the bar if the ground gives way or a rock falls on it; and,
5) watch for unexpected falls of rock.
The scaling bar must be straight, sharp, of an appropriate length for the job and should be fitted with a central
deflector.
Tag out and replace any damaged bars. Remember do not attempt to scale unless you have been trained and
ticketed to do so.
5.2.1 Check Scaling Program

A formal check-scaling program is conducted to ensure all accessible areas underground are check scaled at
least annually for all major travel ways.
Where it is found that an area contains considerable amounts of loose, the Geotechnical Representative or
designate will inspect the area and ascertain if more frequent check scaling or rehabilitation is required.
5.3 Ground Support Installation Procedures

5.3.1 Swellex Style Bolts
The following procedures are to be considered general guidelines for the installation of inflatable Swellex
style bolts (both standard and super Swellex). Detailed procedures are provided by TMCC in the SWP – Ground
Control – Standard Swellex Installation and Quality Control.
1) All operators must be trained, qualified and authorized to use the ground support installation equipment.
2) Prepare area for bolting.
3) Drill hole to appropriate diameter and length. Ensure bit/drillhole diameter is within the recommended
manufacturers hole diameter. It is not critical if the hole is overdrilled, ensure that hole is such a length that
the screen will be tight against the back.
4) Prepare pump in position that gauge can be viewed with the appropriated water and air hoses turned on.
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5) The standard Swellex should be inserted into the hole through the 4”×4” wwm screen by hand. Use proper
plate (if Swellex bolt cannot be installed by hand this is a good indication that the hole is below the
recommended diameter and bit is either incorrect, worn or hole closure due to stress conditions).
6) Place Swellex pump wand onto the bolt and pump until pressure gauge reads 300 Bar. Follow all
manufactures instructions. Do not stand directly underneath the hole while pumping.
7) Drill next hole repeating the process. Remember one hole-one bolt.
5.3.2 Split Sets

The following procedures are to be considered general guidelines for the installation of inflatable Swellex style
bolts. Detailed procedures are provided by TMCC in the SWP – Ground Control – SS33 to be provided.
2) Prepare area for bolting.
3) Drill hole to appropriate diameter and length. Ensure bit/drillhole diameter is within the recommended
manufacturers hole diameter of 1-3/16”-1-5/16” (30 mm to 33 mm). In soft ground, a bit may drill a hole
larger than its diameter. In hard abrasive ground, the hole may be the same diameter as the bit. Ensure
that the hole is overdrilled by at least 2 inches. Ensure that hole is such a length that the screen will be tight
against the back.
4) Drive into the hole an SS-33 Split Set stabilizer (fitted with a pull collar and spacer for bolts to be pull
tested).
5) Drill next hole repeating the process. Remember one hole-one bolt.
5.3.3 Cable Anchors

The following procedures are to be considered general guidelines for the installation of cable bolts. Detailed
procedures are provided by TMCC in the SOP – Ground Control – to be provided.
2) Ensure the drilling layout has been read and understood before beginning work.
3) Measure the length of the cable bolts holes. Make note of any holes that are shorter than the specified
length. Inform Underground Supervisor of any short holes.
Cable Coil Handling:

1) Place cable bolts in a clean, open working area away from other people and equipment.
2) Stand in middle of coil, and cut the binding straps in the correct order so that the coil of cable bolts will
unroll in a controlled manner. Ensure that no one is in the range of any springing or lashing cables.
3) If not pre-cut to the required length, cut the cables on a clean dry surface (i.e., wooden platform, saw
horses).
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4) Ensure that cables are clean prior to installation.
Cable Bolt Placement:

1) Remove any loose or obstructions from around the borehole collar.
2) Install grout and breather tube as per Cable Bolt Installation Procedures.
3) Insert the cable bolt into the hole. Adopt “safe lifting” practices when pushing the cable bolt into the hole.
Someone must guide the end of the cable bolt so it does not whip around in the air.
4) Pull on the cable bolt to check that it is securely anchored.
Safety Precautions:
1) Any part of the skin coming in contact with cement should be washed immediately to prevent burns.
2) Eye protection, oilers and rubber gloves should be worn during the grouting operation.
Cement Storage:
Cement should not be stored underground for prolonged periods of time. The humidity in the air can cause
premature hydration. Using a partially hydrated cement will result in a lumpy cement past, with 30-50% reduction
in uniaxial compressive strength. Suspect bags should be discarded.
Grouting Procedures:
Grout hose to be inserted at the collar of each hole to a depth of 12-18 inches. The collar should be ‘packed’ with
burlap and/or sprayfoam. Grouting should be done from the collar and stopped when grout comes out of the
breather tube which is placed to the end of the cable bolt hole.
1) Ensure the grout pump and hose are in good working order and free of dried cement.
2) It is essential that a water to cement ratio of less than 0.35 by weight is achieved.
3) When grout bags are emptied into the mixer, any hydrated lumps should be screened and discarded. Do
not break up the limps for use in the mix.
4) Ensure uniformity of consistency from the beginning to the end of the batch.
5) Make not of any unusual grout flow and/or if grout appears at the borehole collar or other fissures in the
rock, before the expected volume of grout has been pumped into the hole. Inform the Underground
Supervisor.
6) When grouting operations are complete, clean grout pump thoroughly.
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Plate Installation:
1) Allow grout to set for at least 24 hours before installing plates.
2) Collect the wedges and barrels. Do not use any rusty or oily wedges or barrels. If there is mud on the
wedges or barrels, or the wedge teeth contain grit, clean them completely.
3) Ensure plates are the correct type, surface dimensions, thickness and shape.
4) Clean the end of the cable bolt, so that there is no mud, dried grout or other substance on the wires.
5) Place the plate over the end of the cable bolt.
6) Endure the plate is roughly perpendicular to the cable bolt. If the cable bolt is angled more than 25 degrees
from perpendicular to the rock surface, use a spherical washer between the plate and the barrel, or use a
rounded barrel and domed plate to allow the cable bolt to remain straight.
7) Position the barrel over the cable bolt against the plate.
8) Place the wedges over the end of the cable bolt and slide up to the barrel. Make sure that the individual
wedges are evenly spaced and not touching.
9) Using a hydraulic jack, tension the cable to no more than 5 tonnes. Make sure no part of the jack is bearing
against the wedges, with the exception of the setting spring. The jack should only bear against the barrel,
otherwise the wedges may split or fracture. Take care that the jack is always supported. If any of the plates
look at all loose, inform the Underground Supervisor.
5.3.4 Mesh
The following procedures are to be considered general guidelines for the installation of welded wire mesh
screen. Detailed procedures are provided by TMCC in the SWP – Ground Control – to be provided.
1) All persons installing ground support must be trained, qualified and authorized to use the ground support
installation equipment.
2) Follow proper scaling procedures. Repeat as necessary.
3) Always stand beneath secure ground.
4) Check condition of existing bolts and screen, install new support as necessary.
5) Follow all other applicable ground control procedures.
6) Ensure all the necessary tools and materials are readily available and in good condition before starting
work.
7) Ensure the driving layout has been read and understood before beginning work.
8) The bolting pattern should be as specified in Section 4.0 and bolts should be installed as per Sections 5.3.1
and 5.3.2 above.
21 February 2017
BONANZA LEDGE
9) Install screen as tight to the back and/or walls as is practically possible. Additional bolts may be needed to
pull the screen tight to the rock surface. If shotcrete is to be applied, the screen must be tight enough to be
covered by the specified shotcrete thickness. Shorter bolts or bolts of a different type may be used for this
purpose but should be clearly marked to distinguish them from the primary support bolts.
10) Adjacent sheets of mesh must be overlapped by a minimum of 3 squares. Bolts must be installed in the
second square from the edge of the overlapping sheets.
11) Excessive amounts of bagged loose should be removed from previously installed screen. The screen must
be patched or replaced immediately after the removal of bagged loose.
12) Where necessary, Swellex mesh washers may be used to hang the screen. Special care must be taken to
install the mesh washer perpendicular to the bolt (the capacity of the mesh washer to hold the screen is
substantially reduced if installed at an angle).
5.3.5 Spiling
2) Ensure the drilling layout has been read and understood before beginning work.
3) Drill spiling holes to appropriate diameter and length at an angle above the current back. The spiling rebar
should extend ~1 m past the drilled round length and be ~0.5 m above the designed back height at this
point.
4) Spiling spacing of ~0.6 m should be used.
5) Install spiling bolts ensuring that ~1 m be left out of the collar.
6) Grouting of spiling bolts may be done, but is not required.
7) Strap/pin the exposed ~1 m lengths of spiling bolts to the back.
5.3.6 Shotcrete
2) Follow proper scaling procedures. Repeat as necessary.
3) Always stand beneath secure ground.
4) Follow all other applicable ground control procedures.
5) Ensure all the necessary tools and materials are readily available and in good condition before starting
work.
6) All required bolts and mesh are to be installed prior to shotcreting. For Poor ground conditions, a flash coat
of shotcrete may be applied if required, prior to bolt and mesh installation to prevent unraveling of the rock
mass. This shotcrete layer is only as thick and the rock will allow, typically 2-5 cm. If the shotcrete is too
thick, it will start to fall off of the back before it has had time to set. Flash shotcrete should be applied as
soon as possible. This may mean only mucking a portion of the round before applying the shotcrete. Note
21 February 2017
BONANZA LEDGE
that shotcreted, unbolted ground is to be considered unsecured and is not suitable to work under.
Bolting should commence ~2 hours after the flash shotcrete application.
7) Personal protective equipment for dust and fumes must be used both during and after the application of
shotcrete.
8) Where practical, all rock surfaces to be shotcreted must be thoroughly washed prior to application of
shotcrete such that any dust or other coating which may inhibit the formation of a strong bond between rock
and shotcrete is removed.
9) Ideally, wetted surfaces shall be dried back to a saturated-surface-dry (S.S.D.) condition prior to application
of shotcrete. If necessary, oil free compressed air shall be used to facilitate removal of free surface water.
When plain shotcrete is applied to welded wire mesh, the mesh shall be adequately tightened to the rock to
minimize the gap between the mesh and the rock and to minimize mesh vibration during shotcrete
application.
10) Flowing water must be controlled. Where necessary, or if directed, the Operator shall (in advance of
shotcreting) provide and fix drains to the rock surface for the conveyance of water during shotcrete
placement. The drain holes shall be at least 32-mm diameter and oriented to cut across the water bearing
structures.
A short length of PVC pipe shall be installed in the hole in such a way as to allow all water to exit the hole
through the pipe. The pipe shall extend at least 150 mm from the collar of the hole. The pipe shall be able
to maintain the free flow of water during shotcrete application.
11) Shotcrete should be applied to the full thickness to the side walls and finally to the back (roof) of the
excavation.
12) Thickness control will be implemented to ensure that the minimum specified shotcrete thickness and cover
to reinforcing mesh are maintained. One possible method is by probing the shotcrete with a “ski-pole”
device or a scaling bar with a washer welded on at the desire thickness. The required thickness is achieved
when the end of the probe touched the underlying rock surface and the washer leaves an imprint in the
shotcrete surface.
13) When using multiple layer shotcrete application, the first layer will be prepared before application of a
subsequent layer by high pressure water blasting to remove all loose material, hardened overspray or
glaze, dust or other material detrimental to good bond.
CRF testing will be concurrently with mine access development and will be completed prior to stoping. Several
methods of CRF preparation will be trialed and CRF competency and strengths will be tested and recorded
accordingly. CRF strength values will follow the quality guidelines stated in Section 6.3.3.
5.4 Training and Competency

Underground mining is currently being carried out by the mining contractor TMCC. As such, workforce training
consists of a combination of BGM and TMCC safety training and Safe Work Procedures (SWPs).
21 February 2017
BONANZA LEDGE
5.4.1 Safe Work Procedure (SWP)

It is a requirement that employees and contractors be trained in the use of relevant safe work procedures
(SWPs) that apply to their work environment. All SWPs required for the work are reviewed and signed off by the
employees upon induction to the BGM mine site. SWPs are linked to and used in competency-based training
programs. Employees are assessed in the workplace periodically on their understanding and compliance with
SWPs through the use of random Job Observations performed by the supervisor. These are performed a
minimum of once per week.
All SWPs relevant to the work must be reviewed annually at a minimum by all employees.
5.4.2 Training of Workforce

Geotechnical specific training will be presented to the general underground workforce in formal sessions lead by
the Underground Safety/Training Coordinator. This training will be site specific and will include identification of
ground types, structural features such as wedges and blocks, recognition of loose, scaling, minimum support
standards and reporting unusual conditions.
5.4.3 Training of Supervision

Geotechnical specific training will be presented to underground supervisors in formal sessions lead by the
Geotechnical Representative or designate. This training will be site specific and cover all areas pertinent from a
supervisory point of view such as: selection of support types, dealing with unusual ground conditions and
supervisory reporting requirements in addition to the general training to be provided to the mining workforce.
5.4.4 Ground Control Hazard Awareness

Hazard recognition training is to be conducted on an annual basis for every person working underground at
BGM. This training is mandatory and applies to new employees as a condition of employment. Specific training
modules for scaling and ground support are presented at these sessions.
5.5 Dangerous Occurrences, Reportable Incidents and Unusual

Occurrences
A ‘Dangerous Occurrence’ includes:
 an uncontrolled fall of ground causing physical damage or the displacement of more than 50 t of material;
and,
 unexpected and non-controlled extensive subsidence or caving of mine workings.
21 February 2017
BONANZA LEDGE
A ‘Reportable Incident’ is a ‘dangerous occurrence’ that involves serious injury or death.
An ‘Unusual Occurrence’ is any event or observation indicating ground control conditions that are out of the
ordinary and may result in a ‘dangerous occurrence’. This may include:
 workplace closed because of ground conditions;
 ground support damage (i.e., broken bolts, excessively bagged screen, etc.);
 ground working (i.e., snapping, popping, ejection of small loose);
 floor heaving;
 wall buckling; and,
 excessive back/wall closure.
5.5.1 Underground Procedure if Dangerous Occurrences, Reportable Incident, or

Unusual Occurrence is Encountered
In the event of a dangerous Occurrence, Reportable Incident, or Unusual Occurrence, underground workers
shall:
1) where persons are injured, follow emergency procedure;
2) leave immediate area and proceed to safe location;
3) secure area to prevent inadvertent access;
4) notify Underground Supervisor; and,
5) await further instruction.
The TMCC Underground Shift Supervisor at the time shall:
1) assess severity by discussing with worker and using any other available resource;
2) be responsible for taking immediate action if necessary;
3) in the event of a Dangerous Occurrence or Reportable Incident, contact BGM Mine General Foreman or
designate;
4) if the decision to stop work is made, shut down the heading until such time that a proper investigation can
be completed; and,
5) in all cases, fill out the appropriate report (Dangerous or Unusual ground Occurrence Report), and record it
in the Ground Control Log Book and the Shift Log Book.
21 February 2017
BONANZA LEDGE
5.5.2 Reporting Procedure in the Event of a Dangerous Occurrence

The TMCC Underground Shift Supervisor must fill out the Dangerous Occurrence form and record the
occurrence in the Ground Control Log Book. The TMCC Underground Supervision must immediately notify the
BGM Mine General Foreman or designate, cross-shifting supervisor; workers going into the heading; and the
designated BGM Geotechnical Representative.
Within 24 hours after a dangerous occurrence, the BGM Mine General Foreman shall give an oral report to the
Mines Inspector and the OHSC Committee co-chairpersons.
If an investigation is required to determine the cause of the incident, the BGM Mine General Foreman or
designate is responsible for organizing an investigation team comprised of: a Mine Contractor Underground Shift
Supervisor; a member of BGM Engineering; an OHSC representative; and a member of the mining crew, if
possible.
A report shall be prepared that:
 where possible, identifies the causes of the dangerous occurrence;
 identifies any unsafe conditions, acts or procedures which contributed in any manner to the reportable
incident or dangerous occurrence; and,
 makes recommendations that may prevent similar occurrences.
This report shall be signed by the BGM General Foreman and sent to the TMCC Technical Services Manager,
TMCC Underground Supervision, BGM Engineering and the OHSC Committee for review and approval. The
approved report shall be sent to the chief inspector within 72 hours after the incident or occurrence.
BGM General Foreman is responsible for ensuring that an investigation is conducted, if required, and that
remedial actions are taken.
BGM General Foreman is responsible for documenting the investigation and any related analysis of the incident.
The action plan must be based on sound rock mechanics practices.
TMCC Underground Supervision is responsible for ensuring that all underground workers required to be in the
area are aware of the occurrence and the action plan.
5.5.3 Reporting Procedure in the Event of a Reportable Incident

In the event of a reportable incident, the TMCC Underground Shift Supervisor shall immediately notify the
BGM General Foreman of the incident. The Foreman shall, without delay, notify the Mines Inspector, and the
OHSC Committee co-chairpersons.
The scene of a reportable incident is not to be disturbed, except for the purpose of preventing injury or relieving
suffering, until an inspector has conducted an investigation of the incident or has provided permission to do so.
The investigation and reporting procedures outlined in Section 5.5.2 shall be followed.
21 February 2017
BONANZA LEDGE
5.5.4 Unusual Occurrences

Unusual occurrences do not require notification of the Mines Inspector.
In the event of an unusual occurrence, the TMCC Underground Supervisor will prepare an Unusual Occurrence
Report. The report must be signed by the TMCC Underground Shift Supervisor, and the following people
notified: cross-shifting TMCC Underground Shift Supervisor; workers going into heading; and the BGM
Geotechnical Representative (or designate).
Copies of the Unusual Occurrence Report must be forwarded to the General Foreman, TMCC Underground
Supervisors, BGM Engineering, and the OHSC Co-Chairpersons.
BGM Engineering shall prepare an investigation report that:
 where possible, identifies the causes of the unusual occurrence;
 identifies any unsafe conditions, acts or procedures which contributed in any manner to the unusual
occurrence; and,
 makes recommendations to address the unusual occurrence.
Copies of the report shall be forwarded to the Mine General Foreman and TMCC Technical Services Manager.
BGM Engineering shall maintain a database of Unusual Occurrences.
21 February 2017
BONANZA LEDGE
6.0 VERIFICATION AND QUALITY CONTROL

6.1 Objective
The objectives of this quality control program are to verify that:
 ground support systems are appropriate for the conditions and are installed according to specifications;
 ground support is performing as designed and expected;
 the materials employed meet the required specification; and,
 the underground development is excavated to the planned dimensions and alignment.
6.2 Inspections and Monitoring

6.2.1 Active Workings – Daily Inspections
All underground workers will inspect the ground conditions each time the workplace is entered as per the
BGM 5 point safety card system. Unusual conditions such as falls of ground, excessive loose, adverse
structures, or ground support damage should be noted and reported to the supervisor.
Daily visual inspections by Underground Supervision will be conducted in all active workplaces to ensure that:
 the drift profile is as per design;
 in areas where ground support has been installed, the support is performing adequately and the area is
safe; and,
 in areas where ground support is being installed, the correct ground support is being used and the proper
installation procedures are being followed.
6.2.2 Periodic Engineering Inspections

Routine ground inspections will be conducted by the BGM Geotechnical Representative to assess the stability of
mine openings, ground support performance and the quality of ground support installation. Inactive headings that
are still considered accessible are to be examined to determine that they provide healthy and safe working
conditions at a minimum of once per week.
6.2.3 Review and Audit of Ground Control Management Plan

This Ground Control Management Plan must be reviewed on an annual basis or more frequently if any risk
assessment or other evidence indicates that particular hazards are not adequately addressed or when additional
geotechnical information becomes available. The design methodology and practices should be under continuous
review and development and revisions be incorporated as they become available.
21 February 2017
BONANZA LEDGE
6.2.4 External Geotechnical Reviews

External geotechnical consultants should be engaged periodically to review mine geotechnical issues, such as
ground conditions, ground support, crown pillar performance etc., or as the need arises.
The BGM Geotechnical Representative is responsible for arranging a formal review of the Ground Control
Management Plan and compliance to it by an external party. The reviews should be conducted on a yearly basis
or more frequently if there is a change in activities at the mine.
6.3 Ground Support Testing

6.3.1 Rock Bolts
Upon commencement of operations a program of pull testing will be implemented by TMCC to verify that bolt
installation procedures are being followed and that expected strengths are being achieved. Following this initial
testing program, the following routine bolt testing is recommended.
6.3.1.1 Bolt and Head Strength Testing

 Test 3 bolts per year, for each type of bolt installed, for each rock type, for bolt and head strength
(Bolts should be pulled to 90% of their yield strength), totalling 30 bolts per year:
 3 Swellex Pm12 (2.4 m long) in Psammite;

 3 Swellex Pm24 (4 m long) in Psammite;
 3 Swellex Pm12 (2.4 m long) in Calcaerous Pelite;
 3 Swellex Pm24 (4 m long) in Calcaerous Pelite;
 3 Swellex Pm12 (2.4 m long) in Carbonaceous Pelite;
 3 Swellex Pm24 (4 m long) in Carbonaceous Pelite;
 3 Swellex Pm12 (2.4 m long) in BC Veine;
 3 Swellex Pm24 (4 m long) in BC Veine;
 3 Swellex Pm12 (2.4 m long) in Green Pelite; and,
 3 Swellex Pm24 (4 m long) in Green Pelite.
Pull test results will be documented in a database and a memorandum documenting pertinent information will be
issued on a quarterly basis.
If the bolt being pull tested fails to meet the set criteria, further investigation will be conducted to verify that this is
not indicative of a widespread quality control problem. If the problem may be widespread, the relevant areas will
be shut down and an investigation will be carried out by a geotechnical representative to ascertain the causes of
the failures and develop corrective actions.
21 February 2017
BONANZA LEDGE
6.3.1.2 Bond Strength Testing

Upon commencement of operations a program of bond strength testing (with bolts to be collared with pipe to
reduce bonded length to a known value between 0.6 and 1.0 m depending on the quality of rock in which the test
is undertaken) will be implemented by TMCC to verify that bolt installation procedures are being followed and
that expected bond strengths are being achieved. Following this initial testing program and verification that target
strengths are being achieved, no additional bond strength testing is necessary during the predicted life of mine.
6.3.2 Shotcrete
All shotcrete will be tested by assessment of the uniaxial compressive strength by:
 in situ tests using the Hilti DX 450 L method; and,
 samples cored from test panels shot at the working area.
A minimum of two test panels will be shot per week. Cores will be collected from each panel and the following
tests will be carried out:
 3 tests @ 7 days; and,
 3 tests @ 28 days.
Test panels will be constructed to have a width of 300 mm and length of 500 mm. Core samples will have a
diameter of 50 mm and will be capped. If cored at diameters greater than 50 mm the length to diameter
correction factor found in ASTM Test Method C 42/C 42M shall be applied to compressive strengths. Cores shall
be capped before testing.
Target 28-day strength of shotcrete will be 35MPa, with 95% of samples being over minimum of 30MPa. Any
sample below 25 MPa will result in inspection of affected headings. An instruction to apply additional ground
support may be issued for the affected headings if the shotcrete is not performing as intended.
6.3.3 CRF
CRF backfill will be tested for uniaxial compressive strength of cylinders collected at the dumping location.
Cylinders will have a diameter of 152 mm (6”) and a length of 305 mm (12”) and will be capped for testing.
During backfilling of each stope the CRF will be sampled on two separate occasions during each shift, with two
cylinders being cast on each occasion. Samples will be collected at the dump point. Cylinders will be tested at
7 days and 28 days after casting. Cylinders collected underground should be stored underground until the time
of testing.
If test results indicate strengths that are below target the impact on the future mining of the stope is to be
investigated. Sub-standard backfill will be recorded.
21 February 2017
BONANZA LEDGE
6.4 Ground Support Task Observation

To be implemented when operations commence.
6.5 As Built Documentation (Survey)

Regular surveys of all workings are carried out and transferred to as-built drawings in a timely manner. This
provides an estimate of overbreak which may indicate poor ground conditions and/or poor drilling/blasting
practices. Tonnage reconciliation (designed blast vs. mucked) will be performed on all open stopes. Back-
analysis will carried out to develop a correlation between rock quality, structure, excavation size and excavation
performance.
Documentary evidence of what ground support has been installed, and where within the mine, will need to be
kept to ensure that at least the minimum support required has been installed for a given location and that
installation procedures have not deviated from the intended support design.
6.5.1 Geotechnical Mine Plan

A geotechnical mine plan shall be maintained to include, but not be limited to the following:
 locations of falls of ground;
 locations areas where ground support issues have been identified and associated plans for remediation;
 locations of areas that have been scaled; and,
 locations of potential geotechnical concern (e.g., areas where poor ground conditions or adverse structural
orientations are expected).
Details which require updates to the geotechnical mine plan must also be documented in the ground control log
book.
6.6 Geotechnical Data Verification

6.6.1 Collection of Geotechnical Mapping Data
Geotechnical mapping for rock quality and rock structure are carried out to verify rock mass characterization
assumptions (summarized in Section 2.2) used in the geotechnical design. This data is reviewed regularly to
identify significant geotechnical features and is summarized and analyzed annually as part of the
Ground Control Plan update.
21 February 2017
BONANZA LEDGE
7.0 SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS

Supporting documents to this Ground Control Management plan will include:
 Barton, N., Lien, R. Lunde, J. 1974. Engineering Design of Tunnel Support. Rock Mechanics, Volume 6.
 BC MEMPR 2008, Mines Act and the accompanying Health, Safety and Reclamation Code for Mines in
British Columbia, http://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/industry/mineral-exploration-mining/
health-safety/health-safety-and-reclamation-code-for-mines-in-british-columbia.
 BGM Mine Emergency Response Plan.
 Bieniawski, Z.T. 1976. Rock Mass Classification in Rock Engineering. In Proceedings of the Symposium on
Exploration for Rock Engineering, Johannesburg, South Africa, 97-106.
 Bonanza Ledge Underground Geotechnical Characterisation and Input to Mine Design – Golder
Associates, August 2016.
 Carter, T.G. 2000. An Update on the Scaled Span Concept for Dimensioning Surface Crown Pillars for New
th
or Abandoned Mine Workings. Proc. 4 North American Rock Mech. Conference, Seattle, pages 465-472.
 Clark, L. and Pakalnis, R. 1997. An Empirical Design Approach for Estimating Unplanned Dilution from
th
Open Stope Hangingwalls and Footwalls. Proc. 99 Canadian Institute of Mining Annual Conference,
Vancouver.
 Cow Mountain NI43-101 Technical Report, Cariboo Gold Project – Snowden Group, March 2015.
 Golder, 2016. Bonanza Ledge Pit Slope Stability Assessment. Prepared for OsiskoGR Limited. DRAFT.
Dated: April, 2016.
 Golder, 2016. Bonanza Ledge Optimized Stope and Development Design. Prepared for Barkerville Gold
Mines Ltd. Dated October 2016. Reference No. GAL 132 -1541337-51020-PP-Rev0
 Block Model – InnovExplo, May, 2016.
 Stewart SBV, Forsyth WW. 1995. The Mathews Method for Open Stope Design. Prepared for
CIM Bulletin, 88, No. 992, pages 45–53; 1995.
 Wang J, Pakalnis R, Milne D, Lang B, 2000. Empirical underground entry type excavation span design
modification. In: Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Conference, Canadian Geotechnical Society.
21 February 2017
UNUSUAL OCCURRENCE REPORT FOR GROUND CONDITIONS
BONANZA LEDGE UNDERGROUND
Date of Occurrence: Time:
Report Prepared by: Occupation:
Type of Occurrence:
Workplace closed due to ground conditions Floor Heaving
Ground support damage Wall buckling
Ground working (i.e. snapping, popping, ejection of Other, please specify

small loose)
Description of Occurrence Sketch (if required)

(i.e. list of persons involved, damage, injuries, conditions, etc…)
Action taken:
Notification: Supervisor BGM Representative

Cross-Shift Workers in heading
Signature: Date:

5.28 Report Entitled - Barkerville Gold Mines Bonanza Ledge Ground Control Management Plan

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21 February 2017

BARKERVILLE GOLD MINES

Attention: Chris Pharness

Reference Number: GAL092-1541337-51010-R-RevF

Prepared with the assistance of:

Area Superintendent: Date:

Area Manager: Date:

1.1 Purpose and Objective ........................................................................................................................................ 3

1.2 Regulatory Requirements .................................................................................................................................... 3

1.3 Ground Control Policy.......................................................................................................................................... 3

1.4 Accountability and Responsibilities ...................................................................................................................... 3

1.4.1 Owner and/or Owner’s Representative .......................................................................................................... 4

1.4.1.1 Mine Manager ............................................................................................................................................. 4

1.4.1.2 General Foreman........................................................................................................................................ 4

1.4.1.3 Technical Service Manager ........................................................................................................................ 4

1.4.1.4 Geotechnical Representative (Engineer/Geologist) .................................................................................... 5

1.4.2 Underground Mining Contractor ..................................................................................................................... 5

1.4.2.1 Project Manager ......................................................................................................................................... 5

1.4.2.2 Mine Foreman and Shift Supervisor ........................................................................................................... 5

1.4.2.3 Miners/All Underground Employees ........................................................................................................... 6

1.5 Mandatory Requirements .................................................................................................................................... 6

1.6 Document Control ................................................................................................................................................ 8

2.0 MINE SETTING................................................................................................................................................................. 9

2.1 Geological and Geotechnical Characteristics ...................................................................................................... 9

2.2 Geotechnical Properties ...................................................................................................................................... 9

2.2.1 Geotechnical Domains (Rock Types) ............................................................................................................. 9

2.2.2 Rock Mass Geotechnical Data ....................................................................................................................... 9

2.2.2.1 Intact Rock Parameters ............................................................................................................................ 10

2.2.2.1.1 Unit Weight ............................................................................................................................................ 10

2.2.2.1.2 Strength ................................................................................................................................................. 10

2.2.2.1.3 Elastic Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio..................................................................................................... 10

2.2.2.1.4 Rock Mass Classification ...................................................................................................................... 11

2.2.3 Rock Mass Structure .................................................................................................................................... 13

2.2.3.1 Major Structural Features ......................................................................................................................... 13

2.2.3.2 Rock Mass Fabric ..................................................................................................................................... 13

2.2.3.3 Qualitative Assessment of Rock Type Contact Zones .............................................................................. 13

2.2.4 In Situ Stress Regime .................................................................................................................................. 13

2.2.5 Hydrogeology ............................................................................................................................................... 14

2.2.6 Footwall and Hangingwall Nomenclature ..................................................................................................... 14

2.3 Underground Mining Approach .......................................................................................................................... 14

2.3.1 Stoping ......................................................................................................................................................... 14

2.3.2 Life of Mine and Service Requirements ....................................................................................................... 15

3.0 DESIGN .......................................................................................................................................................................... 16

3.1 Mine Design ....................................................................................................................................................... 16

3.1.1 Open Stope Dimensions .............................................................................................................................. 16

3.1.2 Overbreak Slough Estimate ......................................................................................................................... 17

3.1.3 Carter Scaled Crown Pillar Stability Assessment ......................................................................................... 17

3.1.4 Other Potential Failure Modes ..................................................................................................................... 18

3.1.4.1 Foliation .................................................................................................................................................... 18

3.1.4.2 Geological Structures ............................................................................................................................... 19

3.1.5 Pillar Design ................................................................................................................................................. 19

3.1.6 Backfill Design ............................................................................................................................................. 19

3.1.7 Stope Sequencing ........................................................................................................................................ 20

4.0 GROUND SUPPORT DESIGN ....................................................................................................................................... 21

4.1 Ground Support Elements ................................................................................................................................. 21

4.2 Ground Support Design of New Development Openings................................................................................... 22

4.2.1 Permanent Openings ................................................................................................................................... 22

4.2.2 Development Openings................................................................................................................................ 22

4.2.2.1 Empirical Ground Support Design ............................................................................................................ 22

4.2.2.2 Kinematic Support Design Checks ........................................................................................................... 22

4.2.2.3 Development Drifts ................................................................................................................................... 22

4.2.2.4 Intersections ............................................................................................................................................. 24

4.3 1425 Level Access Drift Open Stope Wall Support............................................................................................ 24