Basic

Nutrition
Biochemistry

PROTEIN

Lipid

Linda Riski S, SKM, M.Si.

Nutrition Dept. – Singaperbangsa Karawang University

Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 1
 Nutrition
Sub-CPM Biochemistry

Definisi, Fungsi Permasalahan Gizi

Struktur Molekul Dietary Fat

Classification
Lipid Storage in
body
Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 2
 Nutrition
Definisi dan Referensi Biochemistry

• Organic molecules are composed of C, H, and O

• Insoluble in water and soluble in nonpolar solvents

Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 3
 Nutrition
Fungsi Lipid Biochemistry

• Energy store
• An emergency fuel supply in
times of illness and
diminished food intake
• Protect the internal organ
• Transports fat-soluble
vitamins
• Provide raw materials for
vitamin D and
hormones(steroids &
prostaglandins)
• Transport lipids in the blood

Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 4
 Nutrition
Roles of Lipids in Food Biochemistry

Odor

Flavor

Texture

Satiety

Source of essential FA

A concentrated energy source in food

Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 5
 Nutrition
Struktur Molekul Lipid Biochemistry

Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 6
 Nutrition
Types of Lipid Biochemistry

1. Simple Lipids: ester FA dengan variasi alkohol

- Fats and oils: ester of fatty acids with glycerol

Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 7
 Nutrition
Types of Lipid Biochemistry

1. Simple Lipids: ester FA dengan variasi alkohol

• Waxes: esters of FA with higher molecular weight monohydric alcohols
(an alcohol containing one hydroxyl group)

Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 8
 Nutrition
Types of Lipid Biochemistry

2. Complex Lipids: ester of fatty acids yang mengandung grup

tambahan alcohol dan FA
• Fosfolipid: gliserofosfolipid, spingofosfolipid
• Glikolipid (glikospingolipid): lipid yang mengandung sebuah FA,
Spingosin, & KH.
• Lainnya: sulfolipid (sulfate lipid), lipoprotein

Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 9
 Nutrition
Types of Lipid Biochemistry

3. Precursor and derived Lipids: FA, gliserol, steroid ketone bodies,

fat soluble vitamins, etc

Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 10
 Nutrition
Types of Lipid Biochemistry

4. Ethyl alcohol

• (though it is not a lipid per se, it does supply dietary energy, and its
metabolism resembles lipid metabolism)

Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 11
 Nutrition
Fat stores in human Biochemistry

• ~ 95% of lipids in the body and foods are in the form of triglycerides.

Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 12
 Nutrition
Fatty Acids Biochemistry

Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 13
 Nutrition
Types of Fatty Acids Biochemistry

The length of
The degree of
the carbon
unsaturation
chain

The location
Cis-Trans
of double
isomerism
bond

Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 14
 Nutrition
Types of Fatty Acids Biochemistry

• Short chain fatty acids Butyric Acid (C4:0)

✓ < 6 karbon
✓ Susu dan olahannya
• Medium chain fatty acids
Hexanoic Acid (C6:0)
✓ 6-10 karbon
✓ Susu & olahannya, minyak kelapa
• Long chain fatty acids
Myristic Acid (C14:0)
✓ 12-20 karbon
✓ Daging, ikan, minyak sayur
• Very long chain fatty acids
✓ 20 karbon DHA (C22:6)
✓ Minyak ikan

The length of the

carbon chain Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 15
 Nutrition
Types of Fatty Acids Biochemistry

1. Saturated fatty acids

✓ Fully loaded with hydrogen atom
✓ Contain only single bond between
its acrbon atom
✓ Resistant to oxidation
2. Unsaturated fatty acids
✓ Rantainya mengandung 1 atau
lebih
a. Monounsaturated fatty acids : 1
double bond
b. Very long chain fatty acids: 2
double bond

The degree of
unsaturation Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 16
 Nutrition
Types of Fatty Acids Biochemistry

The degree of
unsaturation Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 17
 Nutrition
Types of Fatty Acids Biochemistry

The degree of
unsaturation Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 18
Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 19
 Nutrition
Types of Fatty Acids Biochemistry

The location of
double bond Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 20
 Nutrition
Types of Fatty Acids Biochemistry

The location of
double bond Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 21
 Nutrition
Types of Fatty Acids Biochemistry

• Most naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids contain cis

double bonds

Cis-Trans isomerism Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 22

 Nutrition
Triasilgliserida (Triasilgliserol) Biochemistry

• T.d 3 FA yang masing2-nya terikat pada ester dengan sebuah

gliserol
• Lipid storage
• Provide stored energy and insulation
• 2 significant advantages to using TAG as stored fuels, rather
than polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch

Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 23
 Nutrition
Triasilgliserida (Triasilgliserol) Biochemistry

• Most trigliserida mengandung campuran lebih dari 1 tipe fatty

acids

Linda RS_Nutrition_UNSIKA 24