GENERAL PRINCIPLES

OF LAWS AND POLITICS

Content
1 Laws and Its Functions

2 Political Ideologies

3 Political Science and Other

Disciplines
 It is a body of official rules and
regulations generally found in
constitutions, legislation, judicial
opinions used for the governance
WHAT IS and control of the state and the

LAW?
behavour of its inhabitants. It is
made by a legislature and a body
created for the purpose and
reinforced by the imposition of
penalties and remedies.
 § Maintain a peaceful, orderly and
relatively stable society

§ Resolve a dispute in a civilized

FUNCTIONS proceeding

§ Facilitate business activities and

OF LAW private planning

§ Limit the powers of administrative

officials
 § Provide some degrees of freedom
among inhabitants

FUNCTIONS
§ Mechanize social change and inhibits
discrimination

OF LAW § Improve the quality of ife in matters

of health, education ad welfare
 § Ideology: Set of belief tempered
lengthy and satisfying experiences
and systematic intellectual anses

POLITICAL about the practical systemand

functions of human, environmental

IDEOLOGIES and societal factors in the struggle

towards a sustainable cultre and
survival
 § Democracy: Rule of the majority

§ Communism: Community owns the

POLITICAL
wealth, thus every man has a stake
and share

IDEOLOGIES § Socialism: dictirbution of wealth is

under the control of the people

§ Fascism: Authority and obedience is

imposed on the citizenry
 § Liberalism: Community promotes,
protects and controls the right and
liberty of every citizen

§ Conservatism: Conservation of

POLITICAL existing socioeconomic and political

condition and protests any attempts

IDEOLOGIES for change or impovement

§ Anarchism: Governmental rules and

policies are affront to exercise liberty
and justice
 Political Science is

POLITICAL
interrelated with
disciplines i.e.

SCIENCE philsophy,
economics, sociology,
psychology, history,
jurisprudences
Scope of Political Science

Public Law
Political Constitutional Public
Theory Administrative Administration
International Law
 Political Law
POLITICAL Constitutional Law
LAW Administrative Law

Local Government Code

Electoral Law
 Constitutional Law
PUBLIC Administrative Law
LAW International Law
 Constitutional law is a body of law
which defines the role, powers, and
structure of different entities within a
CONSTITUTIONAL state, namely, the executive, the
LAW parliament or legislature, and the
judiciary; as well as the basic rights of
citizens and, the relationship between
the central government and state,
provincial, or territorial/local
governments.
 Administrative law is the body of law
that governs the activities of

ADMINISTRATIVE administrative agencies of

government. Government agency
LAW
action can include rule making,
adjudication, or the enforcement of a
specific regulatory agenda.
Administrative law is considered a
branch of public law.
 International law, also known as public
international law and law of nations, is
the set of rules, norms, and standards

INTERNATIONAL generally accepted in relations between

nations.It establishes normative
LAW guidelines and a common conceptual
framework to guide states across a
broad range of domains, including war,
diplomacy, trade, and human rights.
Thus provides a means for states to
practice more stable, consistent, and
organized international relations.
 1. General Law: A law that affects the
entire people of the State or those
belonging to the general class

OTHER focusing on the general nature of a

subject on purpose
DISTINCTIONS 2. Special Law: Prescribed a specific
group or community on a specific
subject, purpose and operation
different from the others

3. Local: Specific to a locality,

jurisdiction and authority
 4. Public Law: Applicable to all whether
local, national or international
involving the relationsip between

OTHER people and states, rights, duties,

responsibilities and accountabilities
DISTINCTIONS 5. Private: Focuses on definition,
regulations, enforent and
administration of measures
governing the relationships among
individuals, associations and
corporations
 6. Remedial: Prescribes the ways means
through which grievancess are
remedied, issues are heard and

OTHER adjudicated and wrongdoings are

punished
DISTINCTIONS 7. Penal: Defines criminal offences and
imposes fines and punishments or
imprisonment thereof.

8. Substantive: Law that sets rights and

duties of every person
 Bibliography
Buenaflor, Roberto C. Politics, Governance and Constitution of
the Philippines (With the Basics of Criminal, Civil and Public
Officers Laws). Great Books Trading (GBT). 2016