Community

Development
 CONTENTS

I. What is community
development?
II. Community Assessment
III. Understanding Needs
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 1.
WHAT IS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT?

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 Is a process of reaching a decision to
initiate a planned intervention to change
economic, social, cultural or
environmental situation.

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 “
A process where community members
come together to take collective action
and generate solutions to common
problems (United Nations, n.d.)

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 Process
1. Planning
2. Implementation
3. Monitoring & evaluation
4. Re-planning
5. Sustaining
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 “
A practice-based profession and an academic
discipline that promotes participative democracy,
sustainable development, human rights, economic
opportunity, equality & social justice through
organization, education & empowerment of people
in their communities. (IACD, n.d.)

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 Seeks to empower individuals and groups
of people with the knowledge and skills
they need to enable them to effect change
in their community.

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 VALUES AND PRINCIPLES

◆ Commitment to rights
◆ Solidarity
◆ Democracy
◆ Equality
◆ Environmental
◆ Social justice
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 APPROACHES

I. Focus on Process
◆ Community Organizing
◆ Participatory Planning
◆ Participatory Research
◆ Cooperatives
II. Focus on Outcomes
◆ Projects
◆ Others
◆ Others

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 EFFECTIVE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

◆ a long-term endeavor
◆ well-planned
◆ inclusive and equitable
◆ holistic and integrated into the bigger picture
◆ initiated and supported by community
members
◆ of benefit to the community
◆ grounded in experience that leads to best
practices
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 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IS A GRASSROOTS
PROCESS BY WHICH COMMUNITIES:

◆ become more responsible

◆ organize and plan together
◆ develop healthy lifestyle options
◆ empower themselves
◆ reduce poverty and suffering
◆ create employment and economic opportunities
◆ achieve social, economic, cultural and
environmental goals
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 “
Community Organizing
is the process of building consensus around
community issues, it can involve raising the public
consciousness about a matter of concern,
gathering people together to work for a common
goal or to receive/provide specialized services.

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 STEPS IN COMMUNITY ORGANIZING

1. Entry in the community

2. Integrating with the people
3. Community study or situation analysis
4. Identifying and developing potential
community leaders
5. Core group formation
6. Setting up the organization
7. Strengthening the organization
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 “
Participatory Development
is a process through which stakeholders can
influence and share control over development
initiatives, and over the decisions and resources
that affect themselves (ADB, 1996)

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 BENEFITS OF PARTICIPATORY APPROACH

◆ Develop “Sense of Ownership”

◆ Ensures credibility

◆ Develop collective effort

◆ Building harmonious relationship among

community members

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 COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SPECTRUM

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 CHALLENGES

1. PERA
2. Will require new knowledge, attitudes and skills
3. ComDev being a primarily local based practice, must
look beyond their limited space and explore the much
broader human rights practice
4. Ability to adopt the more radical elements of human
rights practice
5. Courage and readiness to face the risk and hazards of
human rights work.
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 2.
COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT

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 “
Community Assessment
is the process of identifying the strengths, assets,
needs and challenges of a specified community.

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 Key Principles of Community Assessment

1. Residents are the best experts on their

community
2. All residents have skills, abilities and talents
that they can contribute to the community
3. A strong community is built upon the
talents and resources of its members
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 STEPS ON CONDUCTING ASSESSMENT

1. Determine the purpose and scope of the

assessment
2. Define the goals and objectives of the
assessment
3. Select data collection methods to use.
4. Select or design the necessary instruments and
procedures for data collection
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 STEPS ON CONDUCTING ASSESSMENT

5. Pilot test the instruments and procedures

6. Prepare a timeline and budget
7. Collect the data
8. Analyze the data
9. Prepare and disseminate a report of the findings
10. Evaluate the assessment's merit and worth
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 COMMUNITY COMMUNITY NEEDS
ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT

It seeks to empower Its focus is limited to

community members by
allowing them to take
ownership in affecting the
health of their community
instead of providing them
with a prescription of what
their community needs.
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discrepancies between what
is and what should be in a
given community. It forces a
community to focus on its
deficiencies and ignore what
it is doing well .
 3.
UNDERSTANDING NEEDS
Community Needs Assessment

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 “NEED”
is a condition characterize by a lack of
something that is considered a requisite.
def: requisite – need for a particular purpose

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 “Need” is different
from “want” if that
“want” indicates a
desire for something.

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 COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT

We identify the discrepancy or gap between

where the community is now and where the
community wants to be.

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 KINDS OF NEEDS

1 2 3
FELT NEEDS NORMATIVE NEEDS ASCRIBED NEEDS
expressed and what extension defined or
unexpressed workers believe identified by
people’s needs to outsiders
be
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 WHY DO NEEDS ASSESSMENT?

Most trainings are designed and implemented

without seeking community’s input, and so at
the end of the training, the community ignore
the recommendations given by the extension
workers, which are not relevant or useful to
the community
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 WHY DO NEEDS ASSESSMENT?

A thorough and well-done needs assessment

will result in more appropriate trainings and
recommendations that will offer more
beneficial solutions for the community.

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 TYPES OF DATA THAT CAN BE COLLECTED

◆ Historical development information

◆ Demographic information
◆ Political and legal structure information
◆ Economic information
◆ Social, cultural and educational institutions
information
◆ Geography and infrastructure information
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 COMMON NEEDS ASSESSMENT TOOLS

1. Social Indicator
Method

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 COMMON NEEDS ASSESSMENT TOOLS

2. Key Informant
Approach

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 COMMON NEEDS ASSESSMENT TOOLS

3. Social
Networking Method

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 COMMON NEEDS ASSESSMENT TOOLS

4. Survey Method

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 COMMON NEEDS ASSESSMENT TOOLS

5. Group Dynamics
Approach

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 STEPS IN CONDUCTING COMMUNITY NEEDS
ASSESSMENT

Step 1. Identify a representative area

Step 2. Plan the assessment
Step 3. Analyze and prioritize problems
Step 4. Identify the causes of the problems
Step 5. Develop possible solutions and
recommendations with the community
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 Thanks!
😉 Any questions?

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