Calculus 1 HW Assignment #2 Spring 2018

Due by 4:15PM on Saturday, May 26, 2018.

Instructions: Submit the first 36 questions, that is, questions 1-36. Students should show
the solutions in A4 paper size. The solutions MUST be in the order as listed, that is, Q1, Q2,
Q3,...,Q36. Plan ahead, do exercises every week, do NOT wait until the last minute!

1. A paper cup has the shape of a cone with height 10 cm and radius 3 cm (at the top). If
water is poured into the cup at a rate of 2 cm3 /s, how fast is the water level rising when the
water is 5 cm deep?

2. A boat is pulled into a dock by a rope attached to the bow of the boat and passing through
a pulley on the dock that is 1 m higher than the bow of the boat. If the rope is pulled in at a
rate of 1 m/s, how fast is the boat approaching the dock when it is 8 m from the dock?

3. An earth satellite moves in a path that can be described by

x2 y2
+ =1
72.5 71.5
where x and y are in thousands of kilometres. If dx/dt = 12900 km/h for x = 3200 km and
y > 0, find dy/dt.

4. A 6-ft man walks away from a 15-ft lamppost at a speed of 3 ft/s. Find the rate at which
his shadow is increasing in length.

5. Between 0o C and 30o C, the volume V (in cubic centimeters) of 1 kg of water at a temperature
is given approximately by the formula

V = 999.87 − 0.06426T + 0.0085043T 2 − 0.0000679T 3

Find the temperature at which water has its maximum density.

6. Suppose that the demand equation for a monopolist is p = 100 − 0.01x and the cost function
is C(x) = 50x + 10, 000.
(a) Find the marginal cost.
(b) Find the value of x that maximizes the profit and determine the corresponding price and

1
Calculus 1 HW Assignment #2 Spring 2018

total profit for this level of production.

(Answer: Produce 2500 units and sell them at $75 per unit. The profit will be $52,500).

7. The total cost, in dollars, of producing x units of a certain product is given by

x3
C (x) = 8x + 20 +
100
and the average cost is defined by A(x) = C(x)/x.
(a) Find A0 (x) and C 0 (x).
(b) Find the minimum of A(x) and the value x0 at which it occurs.
(c) Compare A(x0 ) and C 0 (x0 ).
2 /8
8. (a) Find the extreme values on [−1, 4] of p (x) = xe−x .
(b) Find the extreme values of f (x) = x3 ln x, for x > 0.

9. Given f (x) = x3 − 12x + 1

(a) Find the intervals on which f (x) is increasing or decreasing.
(b) Find the local maximum and minimum values of f .
(c) Find the intervals of concavity and the inflection points.
(d) Sketch the graph of f (x).

10. A model used for the yield of an agricultural crop as a function of the nitrogen level in the
soil (measured in appropriate units) is
kN
Y =
1 + N2
where k is a positive constant. What nitrogen level gives the best yield?

11. A box has a square base of side x and height y.

(a) Find the dimensions x, y for which the volume is 12 and the surface area is as small as
possible.
(b) Find the dimensions for which the surface area is 20 and the volume is as large as possible.
Hint: (a) The volume V = x2 y = 12. Minimize the surface area A = 2x2 + 4xy.

12. (a) Given f (x) = x (x2 − 1) (x2 − 3), prove that the equation f 0 (x) = 0 has four distinct
real roots.
Hint: Use the Rolle’s Theorem.
(b) Use the Mean Value Theorem to prove the inequality |sin a − sin b| 6 |a − b| for all a and b.
(c) Show that x > sin x, ∀x > 0.
Hint: Let f (x) = x − sin x. Can use MVT for f (x) and f (0), x > 0. [Or, alternatively, can
show that f 0 (x) > 0 and f (0) = 0.]

13. Using the l’Hospital’s rule to find the limits

e2x −1 ex −1−x− 12 x2
, (b) lim ln(ln x) x 1


(a) lim ln(x+1) x
, (c) lim+ x−1 − ln
, (d) lim x3
x→0 x→∞ x→1 x→0

14. [The l’Hospital’s rule.]

(a) Use the the l’Hospital’s rule to show find the limit lim x ln 1 + x1 , and then show that


x→∞

2
Calculus 1 HW Assignment #2 Spring 2018

1 x


lim 1 + x
= e.
x→∞
Application: Suppose an amount of $1 is invested in the bank, with continuous compounding
of interest at interest rate 100% (r = 1), find the the amount after 1 year.

3x
(b) Find lim 1 + x4 , (c) lim+ x ln x, (d) lim+ xx .
x→∞ x→0 x→0

15. Use Newton’s method to find the root of the equation x5 − x4 + 3x2 − 3x − 2 = 0 in the
interval [1,2] correct to six decimal places.

16. A farmer wants to fence an area of 2 million square feet in a rectangular field and then
divide it into three equal parts with two fences parallel to one of the sides of the rectangle
(see the below figure). Find the dimensions of the rectangular field to minimize the cost of the
fence?

17. Cowboy Clint wants to build a dirt road from his ranch to the highway so that he can
drive to the city in the shortest amount of time. The perpendicular distance from the ranch to
the highway is 4 miles, and the city is located 9 miles down the highway. Where should Clint
join the dirt road to the highway if the speed limit is 20 mph on the dirt road and 55 mph on
the highway?

Hint: Minimize the total number of hours for the trip, which is
√
16 + x2 9 − x
T (x) = +
20 55
Answer: x = √16 ≈ 1.56 (miles).
105

18. A cone-shaped paper drinking cup is to be made to hold 27 cm3 of water. Find the height
and radius of the cup that will use the smallest amount of paper.

19. A particle is moving with the given data. Find the position of the particle.
1
(a) v (t) = 2t − 1+t 2 , s (0) = 1.

(b) a (t) = sin t + 3 cos t, s (0) = 0, v (0) = 2.

3
Calculus 1 HW Assignment #2 Spring 2018

20. A company estimates that the marginal cost (in dollars per item) of producing x items is
1.92 − 0.002x. If the cost of producing one item is $562, find the cost of producing 100 items.

21. A car is traveling at 100 km/h when the driver sees an accident 80 m ahead and slams on
the brakes. What constant deceleration is required to stop the car in time to avoid a pileup?
Hint: Let a(t) = −c km/h2 be the constant acceleration (c > 0). One can solve for the system
of equations v(t) = 0 and s(t) = 80 × 10−3 km, where v(t) and s(t) can be found from a(t),
v(0) = 100 km/h. Answer: a(t) = −62500 km/h2 or −4.82 m/s2 .

22. Express
n
X
lim x5i + x2i cos xi ,
n→∞
i=1
π
where xi = i∆x, ∆x = , as an integral on the interval [0, π].
n
23. Find the derivatives
! !
x4 Rx
d d et
R
(a) dx cos (t2 ) dt (b) dx t
dt
√
0 x

24. Evaluate the integrals

2
(c) x3 ln xdx, (d) (lnxx)
R R R R
(a) x sin xdx, (b) (2x + 9) ex dx, 2 dx.
Hint for (a) − (c): Use the Integration by Parts. Hint for (d): First use substitution u = lnx
and then Integration by Parts.

25. Find the average value of the function on the given interval.
a. f (x) = 4x√ − x2 , [0, 4]
2
b. f (x) = x 1 + x3 , [0, 2].
c. f (x) = cos4 x sin x, [0, π]
2
d. f (x) = xe−x , [0, 5].
e. |x2 − 4|, [0, 3].

26. Compute the definite integral

R2 R4 √ R4 √ Rπ
a. xe9x dx, b. x ln xdx, c. x 4 − xdx, d. x sin (2x) dx.
0 1 0 0

27. Alabama Instruments Company has set up a production line to manufacture a new calcu-
lator. The rate of production of these calculators after t weeks is
 
dx 100
= 5000 1 − (calculators/week).
dt (t + 10)2
(Notice that production approaches 5000 per week as time goes on, but the initial production
is lower because of the workers’ unfamiliarity with the new techniques.) Find the number of
calculators produced from the beginning of the third week to the end of the fourth week.

28. Newton’s Law of Cooling

(a) A cup of coffee has temperature 95o C and takes 30 minutes to cool to 61o C in a room with
temperature 20o C. Use Newtons Law of Cooling to show that the temperature of the coffee

4
Calculus 1 HW Assignment #2 Spring 2018

after t minutes is T (t) = 20 + 75e−kt where k ≈ 0.02.

(b) What is the average temperature of the coffee during the first half hour?

29. Evaluate
R1 5
√
e√ x cos(ln x)
√ x+2 dx √ cos x dx,
R R R R
(a) x (x2 + 1) dx, (b) x2 +4x
(c) x
dx (d) 1+sin x
(e) x
dx
0
Hint: Substitution

30. Evaluate
R x−9
R3 dx
R4 x3 −2x2 −4
1/2
R √
(a) (x+5)(x−2) dx, (b) x2 −1
, (c) x3 −2x2
dx, (d) x2 1 − x2 dx.
2 3 0
x3 −2x2 −4 1
Hint: (c) x3 −2x2
=1+ x
+ x22 − 1
x−2
.

R1
31. Estimate cos (x2 ) dx using (a) the Trapezoidal Rule and (b) the Midpoint Rule, each with
0
n = 4.
Hint: (a) T4 ≈ 0.895759, (b) M4 ≈ 0.908907.

32. A radar gun was used to record the speed of a runner during the first 5 seconds of a race
(see the table). Use the Trapezoidal Rule to estimate the distance the runner covered during
those 5 seconds.

33. The table (supplied by San Diego Gas and Electric) gives the power consumption P in
megawatts in San Diego County from midnight to 6:00 AM on December 8, 1999. Use Simp-
son’s Rule to estimate the energy used during that time period. (Use the fact that power is the
derivative of energy.)

5
Calculus 1 HW Assignment #2 Spring 2018

34. Evaluate the integral or show that it is divergent

R∞ dx R∞ R∞ 1
(a) (3x+1)2, (b) xx+12 +2x dx, (c) x(ln x)3
dx.
1 1 e
1
Answers: (a) 12 , convergent; (b) Divergent, (c) 12 , convergent.

35. Evaluate the integral or show that it is divergent [(a)-(c)].

R4 x R6 x R14 dx
(a) ln
√ dx,
x
(b) √
x−2
dx, (c) √4
x+2
0 2 −2
R∞ sin2 (√x)
(d) Show that x2 +x+1
dx is convergent.
1

36. A radioactive substance decays exponentially: The mass at time is m (t) = m (0) ekt , where
m(0) is the initial mass and k is a negative constant. The mean life of an atom in the substance
is
Z∞
M = −k tekt dt
0

For the radioactive carbon isotope, 14 C (Carbon-14), used in radiocarbon dating, the value of
k is −0.000121. Find the mean life of a 14 C atom.

37. Find the area of the shaded region

Answers (a) 32 3
, (b) e − 1e + 10
3
38. Sketch the region enclosed by the given curves. Then find the area of the region enclosed
by the curves:
(a) y = x + 1, y = 9 − x2 , x = −1, x = 2
(b) y = x, y = x2
1
(c) y = x√ , y = x12 , x = 2
(d) y = x, y = x2 , x = 9
(e) x = 2y 2 , x = 4 + y 2
(f) x = 1 − y 2 , x = y 2 − 1

39
Answers (a) 2
, (b) 16 , (c) ln 2 − 21 , (d) 59
12
, (e) 32
3
, (f) 83 .

39. Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by the given curves
about the specified line. Sketch the region, the solid, and a typical disk or washer.

(a) y = 2 − x2 , y = 0, x = 1, x = 2; about the x-axis

6
Calculus 1 HW Assignment #2 Spring 2018

(b) y = x1 , x = 1, x = 2, y = 0; about the x-axis

(c) y 2 = x, x = 2y; about the y-axis

√
(d) y = x, y = x; about y=1

(e) y = x2 , x = y 2 ; about x=-1

Answers
(a) V = 19
12
π

(b) V = π2 , (c) V = 64
15
π, (d) V = π6 , (e) V = 29
30
π

40. Consider the circle x2 + y 2 = R2 .

(a) Write down parametric equations to traverse the circle once.
(b) Show that the length of the circumference is 2πR.

x + x−1 over [1, 3].

1 3
41. Calculate the arc length of the graph of y = f (x) = 12
Hint:  2 2
0 2 x −2
1 + (f (x)) = +x
4
Answer: 16/7.

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