ALLEGORY Tre Theory of a Symbolic Mode ANGUS FLETCHER Wie fro y Hated Blom ‘new aero bythe autho PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS Prime and Oxi| Introduction ALLEGORY ie protean device omnipresent in Western erate Sin the eas test the made ere, No comprehensive histo cal treatment of tert or would be pons in sng vole, ‘sit my aim co fill even apart of hi gap. Hoping instead ogo a1 {he esence ofthe mode, have outlined 2 theoretical, manly non historical nabs of erry clement ‘Whereas fullcale history would ental numberes small ob- serrations of changing leary convention,» theoreti eat of allegory will suczed by opposite meine it mat keep to a plane lof general We have to acount fran even wider variety of t= fils hun with categorie like satire" "tagedyo “comedy.” Only {he broadest nations, fr example the modal concepts of"i0ny" of “mimesis embrace so many diferent kinds of erie, Given hi range of reference, no narowlyexlsive sipulated denon will ‘be tefl however desirable tight sem, while formal presion may at present even be misleating tothe seadent of the subject ‘What Ihave attempted, therefore, ist balance the chime of gen cra theory ad simple induction: what flows Is prlimincy de- ‘ctpton intended fo yield « model of alegory ave gone through ‘ome inital mapping stages of eri and have ake ina spin of theoretical discussion, what sort of characters are called alegri= ‘al eros, what sort of things they typicly do, what hee ste of ‘havior is wat sort of images are use to portay their actions andhare I br 1 tae aed what is the mode of allegra the simplest terms alegecy sys one thing and means a- exh It devo the normal expection we ha hous egupe, tha our worden what they" Whon we pecs eee of pron YY rely what oe predation aa ee (oe fumes) but lgory wold ere Y int srcing oer) thn wth open at et statement eer Pod am eam ths tonic wage woul avert angunge ele a ‘retin into an Onwelisnnowipea a th sts nee a et pe Pp gf i Feel ree cel nF ‘fiers ion ts on tnt ae, “See ved Pe A Ry Sige warn tet ce nee 9 ee Te, cal nee ee ‘verona eae he Soe cep ec RT Oe ee me on 195, 34a opin in Neo algan(e H) 05HR. sk Baek a te de bea teh eae ee be Pellet bet theta cael Rese Be Aap Ww Rx Wane, An pond RTE mp a A Ee fe Decig ean Cae ese Ey, peng el Gg Pe a a Same pape ta vr peck ogc oe Boi pani Sah a a an PTI ely‘ wey of lg te ert Swe ny ae te So Ja Renew dt Sc wary choses hy Cee INTRODUCTION sllegor is propesyconsdered a mode: i fendamentl process ‘of encoding our speech For the very eezon that ira radial in tiie procedure ican appear in al sorts of dierent works, any ‘f which fall far short ofthe confusing doubleness that made Or ‘nellsnewspeak wich an elective brainwashing device, "An allegra mode of expreioncharceries a quite extsor inary variety of Urerary kinds: chivalric or presque romances tnd his moder equivalent the "western, stopian polite! mire, ‘qasi-phlovphica aratomies, personal atacks in epigrammbe form, pstorals of ll sors, apoealypiie visions, eneopedic pice, containing mmr of tread fale leming naturale muck ing novels whose aim ist propagandive social change, imaginary sopager ike Lucan Zhe Tru Fister, Swit Galtvers Tovey Varnes A Journey the Center of te Earth, o Henti Micha gage on Grande Garaagne, detcive stores in both the genteel ‘whodunit and the hard-boiled Hammett-Chandler sey fairy ‘ales (any of which ae “auionry tales)? dete pocrs like the nonymout medieval "The Owl and the Nightingale” and Yeats 5 esi on a pe om yal re ied Tappa ret hee” heer int ee SSS ita er sr cg ‘Tig wnipet niga ante stray grees 1 pects raepn tak cy penta ee Hak ne peed ee Boe leben Lannie se Site Gre ym plang pres teal oped ans Sheets guess pae cata eee omen he pnt urs na fed ieee ey ine oe apy oe pen gin vin EE Ea Mt iy Teo Neyer ceM id Ween Nero 7AuecoRr “Dinlogue of Self nd Sut” complains ie Ain e Lil's De Plots Nate and Alen Ginsberg Hom (congo a be Inconel hs ohne ge se {inet merging into another, may be termed alegre or pty lego works—by whieh we swan pray 28 they Be log they ae alsin one thing i oe mean someting ‘yond that one thing Tee i a0 reac why alegre should sot be witen ene in po, ently in vee, on aise OF thee, ain the Colton of Pilg, plea anatonys ‘Tere it mo reson why allegory st ava be hard: ean ‘be wed in the dana wheter ancent (PromeasBomd), ed (he morals) Resiace (be ater arom tn the ‘masque or modern (the surest drama of Toes Bek, the “pic thea’ of Bec) Bess drama and secre ftom bye ony ri om en pe ‘rampl in cen Imag poss (Pounds Pappas Stee "Tiecn Way of Looking 2 Blech?! andre Bsody inthe conceit of Metphyil verse, sbowe all ough sane (Chechen “This varity an aang forthe thet wel a chalenge, sine he ean be checked yay ther tne of whom hae Spel we of ees sd ry whol hae pela om Eee yneepamai ae ee gay Tet pe tre ghee tiomegs cores Soi cia wee eae "One of Clie es Fe Any. 20-94 so A. Come ep pg Ct a cae HN oni A Pee, EY fal Lan 9) ures Eas i fp ceel merehomi Coos hye ‘Causa St Wary Fin tee Aer 5) 0 nn os hin ey Na a et on, Pr Nw 38) i Sem Coed oar oe, ntRoDUCTION cece in gents the theorist can know oly supercilly. Fe= {fiemly we fan rer theory of slegey 9 wera we read for Sherainentshe mente fcr the inary woof ‘Tee Seon the mld bac on Eeiona "ase Nore STfwnch ne der docendans of more wober ane tale Sone sender olen pha not vee ht ae wor, ma ‘runes ent pal sepa I the mde age we en fs phy ot eae Bl ‘ch tring encom, prep not een a petit bol? {he Kocnen were eld eur home fon church fo mediate ‘prenatal on he biden meaning of he pale ey cos, {el denne of ga av we hy diy ita Whe logy noe ses came othe pene fom he pulpit come fn he modem ens aca ut 00 popula famine ner romance thd the tec ory th soon ‘Moca double caning ae no fas inporaot the comple Stef nh mapa re "Te lie Monogphictnpege of cigs pare now 4 good de of mespeation eee ther words ae emote fom EET sme np ti! ge me eas i aes arate Raemreen Sb ee ee laure rin tg See ld rt an a meena pres semes We ere ee Son Teac wp anstonnpopa tyes toned TSE ce en era ene rae a are CELE come manera amos Bove wioacheecnets be fscred Alo Roger Hinks, Poh see mesncarrinn ie renin en ne, Soe este Ss cer neon Sirah ome raaneass 5our wor which would explain why medion allegory secs 20 Soviowsly allegorical tows while modern allegories (I am right ‘so extending the cas) may not be read a fable. The deree of amily with the old and new iconographic the varying fe- “oe Bren though the teenieth-centuy reader ha no etal expe “ence with deecves and murderer, he undectnds the wold of she pivate eye andthe same hos for other kinds of sereotype he lack of sie familiarity with medio scious symbol. sm makes the modern reader think that what he tea for plea ‘ure and what the preacher preached mst be dierent in Kind. But he whodunit demands 2 solution toa riddle, making is membet 1fthat oldest allegrcl ype, the acigma™ The were of Zane Srey haa dierent ani inetend ofthe alloca idle sure ‘ce tur of sublime seni desepion ithe erie of thematic eaning. The western scenery in Grey ialwaye mor than aacked= wp backiop. Tes « ayage morale? and Grey heroes act in tg sl ga og FF igen Brahe wean ches Oop Cee ele ER TO RL 7 hcl Rice tg ba Yes lec Pa Ba lg Wearable ere cere . sqtnean ScD acant See i oa Be NepVO ela int ng soi ent EWE Ane, “Ie Coy Vinge: Neon he Dee sen boinc a eee ‘Gitte ict wnat heme sen eer Semcnepat erate pene wean cance Se here eae a arta Ret, sa a i i ho ere ins Seance ee ee nd ‘harmony with cein violent opposition tht een tapes.” Fur= ‘thermore, che confit ofthe cowboy ero andthe bani iin, at inthe detective tlle, ae drawn according to 4 dualitn of good and evs defining characteristic of the mode fom the ealst period of Otcidena tera ei with tons ofthis fain, Pepalaanasioming sor that we cen equip obrees in detecnin= {ng whether any particular theory of lpr is adequate Whatever plies to ou favorite romance will apply with een greater force tothe majo examples of tation, let sy The Fare Quire and Te Pirin Pregres ‘An dbjecion needs tobe met here, namely that all romance are ot necessarily alegorical. A good adventure story, the reader wall, ‘ty. needs no interpolated secondary meaning inorder tbe sguif- ‘ant and entertaining, Bu tht objection doesnot concern the ue ‘Steion for llegory- The whol pia of allegory ix tha it docs not red tobe read exegesically, it often has a tea evel that takes ood enough sense all by lett But somehow thi literal surface Soggests a peculiar doubles of intention, and whl it ca, a it ‘were ge along without interpretation, it becomes mech richer and Imore interesting if given interpretation. Even the mot dlberste fables, if ead nately or carlertiy may seem mere sores bat what count in ou dieution sa ructre hat lends elf secondary reading ether one that becomes stronger when given second 2y ene at well a primary rearing. ‘Nevertheless we mi avid the notion that ll people must sce ‘sn i tel Ee stdin ay er hes ae a a of te noes teal non inpepleota t ‘tendo a Bean wrod ween tain heb ‘TEE, Deull tmp sed od de ef he ole ome se “hie he dmesg ene of ete Srp‘auizcoRY the dale meting the wos 6 be ghee leony At tet one branch of algo the oss sige ses fea td cal pups by tev et tein sey oa Sate st) dee ne he soy mera of he Aesop Jnnunge Bot omen de ce tat mening sioner if rongly tobe te Bal natn lind he pony ca ing Peshape ive eden do to oe te eo aerate strc acto of Zane Gry toa be then dunn egy wee rot mck snc wth ae een Wee ing about sophie eon sa wha thy eal ere Te i'n thoes tad no ham nating tat Sere en ove the eae y sheer pt on and ep. B tee ae Ich rth nw xt formone nd eee {Facto door meagan Fay whiten ls ‘heck tng apr tengo ony dogs ote thematesracore (Atos da) Synge fone ian pi uy handgun at eal dic inst ay wav tat all op of alegory ll terre, t Novy Fe hs oiewe sen he doit few of commen moore alegre wile epee egoy wl ver be fund Ther tae no ar nd TES te tne ae dents seit ete pr eer apne arya geteoae eas teem Fiber shen ga a en epee ae ge eR ara pel Zooeena aren Se Rig Pr atl “The Sh Afi Tin TiAl Many CV Gun above ma ES Hebe Sa env ‘ag Gomer ie) Rina Slo Sai pl a any, spy il wom ‘er Theodore Spencer “new cite” reading. of “Thny Days Ha Sep, rropucrion ing instances fom bordetne cates. Evin Tie Divine Comedy, which most readers would assume to be the grestet Wester ex” ample of allegory seme to Coleridge, and as more recely been ice a eas De 9 Spc hove he Now Ci le Wt ley tenia ome mpm) oe age ty pone sxe tS occ hsp secant ee en ie Renee el ie SE GST ieee cer "5 Bot ow Ty Ta gi eh (bee ithe ping oe obea ss fe Beart Foner ef en, coceing Jey Feild “astm alguy wih ee ting ec le at ion Ase hi eng Be aoe oy Fert ‘ees sadly on moe sharp tat the a igi ‘Rea are en i ely pede oe tone ‘tees rae he eye ie Semen yh he Fike lng we aonlos ad St wr ss ye et ces ec ol Cg ew ey ERECT an ant set a if Sock trp tc opthemee Sar teres artes ‘reer coe othe pan cnanwn M inan Poy Fw ig a 2 eta An urs sh by Pt” Lab Mee igen tr” A fe le i nina Pute-Dut se Wood, wc wal clogs oom,shown by Aucibach, o bea qusialegorcal wore” With such 3 ‘major example ip miad one cannot help wondering if borderne Caste ar at ging tobe the ore, Sento aero fea ted ‘Zan Sg int per nares Ha awe eRe Ses Sere, erase Shacatiooee SE NCR sce uge wget [ipa te ale tine of ye tne es SE cseteccetromtmction of rdscece et er ore ated he undepound en Swill Denies pace “mae RN A saeco eae ete seemehe thse seine Se oe cee Senor ante aren cera eh omaermertinte ‘econ epc i te vor otc ake see and wang et ‘Weg an Coie SE MR Lent 1 5-Te gins mcg Fe a ‘tore feccomnced thatthe panheces athe ne a ed slope fea aires arene aire toes ere ea te Banyan Danan pee 6 ns ring te nd Defoe Coke qualia” ening tote by Ech Ace Se eee cass rRopverion Besides the scope of the terre involved certain aes of eit= cal disgeement may be mentioned, erase they suggest the mat ttouble we have t contend with: our peychlogia and ng lancertunty a to whet is going on when language i wed fir ‘ey Figurative language not understood athe present Sie it ‘ny fal vay Te trou sulety of Willan Empeon nod Ken eth Burk, both of them major cs, suggests that no spe for. mula are posible, given our Emited knowledge of the pychlogy of speech Terms lke “eno and “vehicle” have bees help but ae only label." I A. Richard recent interest in communion ‘theory and in scienifc pedagogy ar not cated his relutionay notions of metaphor much beyond the earier positon reached in Praca Crim and Te Philp of Rtn Anothes moran tres, Rosemond Tue Eltaethen and Metapyal Imagery, sive the toy of het clte historical analy bt in spite oF ‘eferences to cert modern poets, Tave remind exentallycon= cerned with asingle ped the Renieance” In bis Fafa Syme ‘ny Northrop Fie delayed what maybe the most bilan excess of allegosical interpretation ‘on record, but about this particular SE erent me ee ter tten “cea a eta nen a Soehrestiesewindes seine tame Soy asigatSaonea na cere ee eri seme Reh he een {Geto or xl Shek ck me an ae Se taper ree we Sours eetarederen ema SSeS ScentsauzcoRY procedure his theoretical views were no hin, greatly advanced In the even more rematale Anatomy of Crim” There Frye ‘observed tha allegory i pe of thematic“ounterpsit.”encoate tered most often in romance, and that high degree of thematic ‘omtet in any piece of Uitseture probably implies allege tech niques at wore Given thi ether broad conception ofthe term, theory would have been left in an impresioniet sage had not Edwin Honig general wentie, Dart Conrad down some of the major lines of inuiry® This book tomy knowiedge the pioneer work on the subject in modern timer My own disgeement wath i re rmatterof some dtl and whee they ae lagescae diapreemens, prefer to leave them toa more objective compatiso than my own, Thad the pleasure of atending Mr. Hong’ lectures onthe subject of allegory given during the eoution of Dark Cont and Iwas ‘outs nlucnced by them in ways tat I cannot now see Honigt ‘ook seems to me to be concecned chi with acaunting foe the ‘ative aspects of allegory Hong wants to show bow allegory ‘comes ito being, wha are the cultural determinants fom witout [My own approach, despite the chapter I devote tothe pyeho- Sea een eminence Ee ie oe ea {Casamayor Be Die Fis ala in (Landon 85 oe es mike neem ane i ser a Sie ret aie Rem Be errno ol Ay saophareng ements nese wt ad Cantey Haver obe “he Alegaied ee ral EGE Seay tly ear ted BLA XVI IE BO CS [eer etre hs ea tet De digo eno ‘wh phe be pore Lav ee ub ‘i ei at id Soph ott Ox ft Ser Pan Sop Tose Bat gM IrRopucrion analytic theory of allegories genetic. and mote formal Lam not ‘So much concerned wih india author or individ period a With the form tha any given alloy wl be kaly to presen to ‘ophistcated reader, roardese of the ways by which ie came into teog In tha Sese Tan stempting an sccoun rather unlike Dark Cone ‘While cher stil need fran analy ofthe Figurative nar of allegory in thetoial ers there are certain special historic con Fusions that can be avoided f we formulate a theory cating aro store line, The fst of these the controversy ver the if ference berween “allegory” and “symbo."Thie unhappy contovesy, wich begins with Goethe's dtinction between the fo terme bat Fad ie fair share of etal attention "Ir is a pial hive Iter since it concerns romantic coneptions of the ming, and ‘imagination’ in particular. The paychology of the imagination ‘woul have robe dele with in any fal historical ereatment of the ‘Srelopmeat of alegrel ltertire, Goethe® concern withthe Allegory-symbol diintion har especial wave fn the Hight of his ‘rein stutodes toward the Faust legend, and yt hough such ‘tgif modern critical theory have historia ieee hey rather leads to reconsider the means we shall take to desebe allegory for present-day siden oflierature.Aacritics, we of he twentieth century come Out ofa climate, well descibed by ML H. Abra ia The Mirror and eh Lamp, in which there i gral sophistication ofthe prchologieal part of exit hooey We live in an age of Firs WRIA Hit of Mab Cron le He, 1951209: 0 Hong Dat E50 at asa ake ks lead she hp nce parc fete ner re pln ct Fem poeu arene Be pclae ‘event pre lpn hee Eee mtn whet pr ee the mere een nt a2 emt eet sr hg ane on Si te denen of poco he fe of Gee bai ‘cand pcos ay he nce apse” hat een eiALLEGORY prychological and pychounaltic speculation, and we need tof ‘arn periodically to eae stages ofthat speculation, where perhaps Wwe cia Bind the vearting pint for both oar more profile and oat ‘more dubioarexloringy.Pehaps a close attention tothe History of ainetcenth-centery ecm would present unfortunate over Simplifications such a ae Likely when we speak loely of concepts ue the "romantic imagination" or the symbole” ofthe French poets. The word "symbotin parila ha become a banner or on= fasion, since i lends itself to 2 ulsely erative fonction whenever Je bused vo mean “ood” (Eymboic) poetry as oppored to “bas” (allegorical) poet and inthis way i Clouds distinctions that ae ready iia enough orake “The same objection against a leveling cecal language may be smade aguas a moceeeent tendency price ‘myth atthe pense of allegory. Ths, rite ay say of Te Cale or Te Trial oF Te Metamrpbaris tat they ar “mythic” and then proceed 0 ‘ead them, perhaps employing Freudian symbals, athe purest sort allegory The Batis oF myth criti i seach for crane Current archetypal patterns (eg the deagon-aying myth) atthe heart of ores which would present « more complex sppesrace to snather cite who dd ot think in terms of archetypes The ache SER ir ir Lamp Roan ayant oe ads PE Ea ns oe cotati tert ce Ee cree rs Se rea she Serra ESS Unmet in Cee ors te Ya ey ae fae foeesrarg am ete Beate ee ge ena n Lense een Cres iret cen ft inrRopuction typa pute isthe form in which the deepest psychic significance of the hero or heroine's action i expresed Probably such edule pateras are preset in oreling ofall kinds” But a crios de ‘eloprnent tes place in “th crim” What begs a ans ‘iced description in tems of wcherypes becomes avaution of ony ‘hose works where the achetyper ae cel disense, When he tric user the word "mythic to desebe Kafka or Falken we need tobesueitis nota cover term of pate. escems tobe desipine, but in fice it often evaluates. The tern “myth when used in this ray, scems te the heir of symbol in the older controversy ovet allegory and symbol Te has simply become sche in connotations, ‘owing to sgicanee fr ealeral anthropology What wat loa laa in time and space asa pregnant moment, under the Goethean rubric of Symbol, may now be enivereslined a a marifextation of ‘Suppised “allie unconscious” We have indeed to go back one stage before the advent of Myth onthe rita scene ‘Colerhige makes a natural starting point for an analysis of a legis practice, ine he ir at he center of the daputaton which har o obscured he pblem, or Coerdge the defniton of allegory was an impostant mater becne allowed him once agin to make the diction between "ganic" and “mechanic” Form." and to proride a nije istance fet hs oft ty on poke ae ton (Lando, 18 epned New York ied TA Seog earings, 0 hp y rb pert A th ance wk a Lad Ragin, Te Hon. soeeies ae ree renafeature crete oat ofa compromising elintiperwen the Smapinstion andthe logl powers ofan Such a compos ibe coul not gies fo he highest at bot twa precy wha sr eed fo ear mtr of then ad inage we el egy. las mae hc of alginic n hs dticon concen bol and allgon well sin hs deiton of ley ‘Take te dsincion fe The Syntace php te denen dsnton frente Adega hun tie ls peo ot thewhae of hich repeater eames (Gare ah) yan penn Bel oon? shen we pf se alt 9 gel OF mot oeieee eens ee ici aee gartge a Seren tie tye maid re a ee ae oy reprienspeinnonate Senses pects tana ELIT mete WEY Seba eteaom em INTRODUCTION portance ou present bet thi point that he eer (leg) cannot other than poten consoay—wbers the foes (tbe symboD is wry posible ta the general ‘eth b concur ting the con Strcon ofthe symba en i proves el by bring pode ‘utah own ind, the Don Quiet out ofthe precy ‘Sine mind of Cres and notby outward observation ori ‘ory. The aang of tobe wring ore aloha {npr no dienes but ple dominance By idenitfing Symbol with syecdache, Coleridge ie assum ing 3 sor of portation mpg ofthe Symbol wit the ie The Symbols furthermore eve dey inthe set of pe ‘Sing the ship, With Symbol he mind prcaves the rand oder of (ince Oot hc ce’ eat Gas yn nly wali La ee Se ‘ret sae gf es an {Rear sh Al ean heme see a topo Foss Bing stud al ete nae md want Eee eee ngewe ben Seren we carmen cygmetan wa feel aio Speen tree be ney ‘Sh gor shng kT face of te el ey ot he ‘i Sk eine on Gee ay posg en‘hing recy a "anmeined vsion™ without any lial ergo Iain frm the phenomena of ox mati woe wheres in egy ‘her is alway (as Coleridge ssi) an atempt to cate loi ones fis and dem to ermeient phenomena second ost eh ‘el gts fis aniseed second This ae Plato ese image reaorhip can ext only when coe icons ofthe pile sophie tas ofthe ideas one i cones One ee ot neces be aware of one's om pete motives in contraing uch deal syeme, but one does need to have a consis highly egnize ew of he inteelonships dat bind the stm ato aunty. Calesige emp Sted the uneonsouses ofthe Symbae pocte ay ha eps 1 Freudian sterpretaton of hs view Without acta sing thet Symbol i an expression of the Fredn Uncnarad thetcore ‘pimlent to deam aymbot—w cu peat aout Cole es ofthe “uncon ofthe eal,” singe in agony thee i ary 2 Asjuneson af meanings Algerian tas vo or more lees of mening, andthe apprehension of thee ms rout least to a tiraes of mind. When fr eample, one wie court mas with decor by Tigo Jones, one no doubt lished coniebeatetion oo ‘the mere omament of the playon the ease the dest the dancing, the matic and on and ai fom this Kindo estos word oe eel of es must hive engage a scondary tan of thought, Ye CColeigran theory goes onl fa; and modem approaches wll en tually replace ie Whether dupticiy of meaning inal legory flows neces fom aspiting of reson and imapnation isnot tion thar modem pochology woud ps in Coleridgean tee, However, Coleridge defined allegory in such a way a8 to make posible double approach, a double stention tothe surface of ‘ema and Fam i nrropucrion works and to sek poychic eect and significance, by igi adhe ‘nee to both pychologial and herria thease. Wie my then see deine aller wring the empoy- sme of one eof ges tage with tone aco Piet coreponden 0 at cane whe in digi, Ether moral gules or conceptions ofthe mind that a ot in hese obj af the senses, or ther images fe, ions fortiney and cect oo thatthe rece i ‘err prevented tthe ee onan wie the He tes suggested the mind ed ths canned 0 that he Pur cmbine rm canis whole™ Although in every cate the tere are elaborated and sometimes sedeneiveach chapter of the following dessin i dvced 2 Inwjor clement mentned in tha dcSiion Chapter considers the cereal oes of native and drama thee agent, the people they showin overeat. Chape 2 consider the tena spect of egy. tenn’ vice of images The vocabulary cnpayed in these and subsequent chapter cones from vaious sources The roton ofthe agent ar daemon somes from compare scion {nd fom the hitory of Chany (Fe he recently writen of anon ogeny in is fncomy of Cine wan of oles Mie 2, on de teens ft dato Shara uy anette ml sd ent Pe pe oanie tenor abe eine sentence splat eeerrneenrnttort ‘tne or anny Ded hoes he Ps ec coat torus sans to itp Toe eo oe neAtuecorr emo ed forte aegoviel mage doe not come Fon the hte toy of scene, but fom ancient hei Ihave ted torte egal il ening Them a ror en mae frac citi, bt woul form xg beeen satrap (4 Mien Ende) and rie he New Catesor he Need schlanhip of Resemond Tove). Chapter 3 cones setion eae the aspect of ial» concep mated chili compares le hon ad ther dient in pychonalyis Both ews of oad fr tlevant, and ae employed. Father al aoa tom oro folic action has become cob inthe erin of Kenn Bare Since al tov ae unified on some bse proba sen, tha i according to some typeof cal en, chose ter Stas up thc problem sad employs ae Fasronechopaege Calconeptefconmgiooandeympathte mage oerpin te eee al sequences undering events in alge nally to desi the ‘hematidtam of evel that Coleridge refered ome chapter 5 invokes the prychoamal concept of anne Bee {0 aptoach thi concept more ely Ihe seated the “jn tion of the feu” tha confit of mind wh Schl ad Kane fund inherent inthe bln Chapter 6 wes pychosesyc theory show the metal bas of algo. Caper ore os kimate probe of sere vale a sggre both he ee, ons an the advange ofthe mode Te chows how ager fog as inherently igi cont ofitenton how by mena of ony tad Aigrenine commentary they aleve he burden of par situa sad vw get wha might belle oot tenure “The ermsofty description may sugges thaallegoys ore ‘eo with religious rl and gebolsm Thins toen ec dene ASC-SLewishas remarked itwoldappeardatalaeges whatever ar ely rosea Catholic tothe feral eae he Phenomenon is wrth investigation Pedal hs nncgtng ncn mer me es has been one of my aims. Een without taking »payshoanayic stew, one can show the tah of Levi ssction, bt poche: thal gives a tong reinforcement ton that we can show {he Coe snag beteanallegoilforns an soiled com Puli situa ad thre esl a ure ae aoaogues tr {ious sta The various aaogies that can be drawn beraeen fgious, teary and pyehoralyal obsered phenomenal point tothe oldest de bout alagory, that irae con Srwion of dine pied meg, a eed amend tallanguge which esto prestve the emotenes of propery ‘led godherd” To reach hie aitionlconlston, howere, + Tonmctphyia line of egument seem the es nial cure nd cha the coun I hve followed have stayed way fom the metaphysis of the sbject have also stayed away fom the sory and theory of bible expe casi the words of 2 fiend, “Bia cogs hes sh i and bats of argument the historic! and theological defense of the Bible a he reveled ‘edo Go “in ahr wr concn hat tangent the ope ofthe pent investigation Tne not to sy that ade ‘onal wading ofthe propete books ofthe Old Tevaene and the Book of Relation arent elvan fo the study of pcr nis rca eps fds natn wer phe od seit dno th ed ned Se Tone Bowes, ae tree ean Cn 5 dk yd ‘oie nencr in amen bes Piel ged vt the lw anes on et ‘Patho bine tne may oes mia Pgh sh ol Aegcewhich meses ems toe Seo a, Sine" Ont ino on REG. He od iT rk i 6b Sane gion aio Se Inte ff oe OD rine Combe. hxAuLecoRY Me The Divine Gamey or Piers Plowman ot The Faerie Queene indeed the conclusion of my remacks value nd fonction will, ‘well onthe apocalyptic atonary moments into which'mete ale ory" sometimes emerges, The reader may, however ak how often {hi ene oc When analy Becomes pry vine ry, when for example The Pifgrins Pragren show os the Hea nly Citi does a0 afer a strogle to reach that goal The sage porto final vision seemsto be gualaively unite that fl vision, the ater 2 moment of eration. The former ea eequence of fica labors, often taking the form of he hero’ enslavement 2 fatal destiny. The pyebomaSia ad the progres ase narrative n= “ges of thie strug. They ae bate fond journey toward the Sal iberstion ofthe ere If temporary bration occurs long, the way i is but the precursor of one final victory Ifthe poet shes to show evil eumphing, he cun take & totally tone ae td toward good and evi if the ero i Jonathan Wil he also Journeys toward an apocalypse, bu of death instead of rebirth ‘Considered also asa nonmetaphysial semantic device, whether leading to apoclype or not allegory lkewse appears fo expt ‘onfict between ral authorities, an times of plitcal oppres: Sion we may get “Acroplanguageto wold censorthip of dviden ‘thooghe. AX the Beat of any allegory wil be found this confit of suthories. One idel will be pited against another, te oppo thos the familar propaandiefnction ofthe mede thus the con serrate stircal function, thus the didactic function, The mode is hierarchical in essence, owing ot only to its use of tational {Biiap Ho whe ce of Sener ste jy “Catic™ Ae mi rene Sade Pe Poke Chrno erin rig Carel ip Ro Pe fe el ane tlc er x ome Ha tn gen id Sectea Mahe in at vrropucrion Imagerie which ae aranged ln ptr of oespondenc bt {utbermore bcs ll Neches imply hala ef omen, oF srr the scone tes hat eon when ne he ee rl ore his fes comand he dente Hitch i ever dinply «tem ging peopl heieproper pace tot farther and els hem whe the lepine pen se Any sar Gy bownd w sar cote epanes tar there pores ‘Weare heretr able to desi the mode fs doar poof view llegar ee en the Gl yee tat the uted tobe than hey se eymboli power eugene fen "ghd, mostebound rst tha lon fm the nvtenet wth authoreanan confit I they ae stat ah mechani 1nd emote rom every ete may ometies aver gen ine nerd When» pope bing ll ne nnn by he eae {day to ee al ihr pron an ad pha orwell preset behave nt ron, cance a Such way be may sue» gener seco andthe mead willbe je. Both his ical erm and the apocalyptic excep nto an ait candi nd a hon Toot Alegory een sisal st pal sede When we tothe the fanctons of certon (he iste tan ad ner ‘ames (ering o romani ssn) we havea malty of Ssmbolim which we mus spect Allegre have edo deine itoeema to bes many aed phenomenon I oval purpose se ‘spb of rary manor aoe have dt ingot te ‘eral prpows ye withou daaging the minor sabes, What {lls hrf inthe se fs napping xpedon fr wch Then my note kee = rng Jota or ttchook of te days cv The ner ot any nee fhe eal sep, but they wil 1 Rope, fl complement ith efrnce toad and oc olay woes