JAWABAN ASISTENSI 2 – 24-02-2016

PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN MANAJERIAL – BHS. INGGRIS

Decision Making: Problem and Symptom

SOAL A

Cause-and-effect diagram is one of two main tools to identify the root cause. Every people can make different
diagram; thus no right-and-wrong answer to use this tool. Here is the one example of fishbone diagram to identify
the root cause of Holden’s Restaurant problem.

The main cause can be different among people, but most of people can use 4M, 8M, 4S, or 8P.

The category of subcause of 4M’s fishbone diagram is machine, method, material, and manpower. This category
commonly used in production process. The category of subcause of 8M’s fishbone diagram is
management/money power, measurement (inspection), material, machine (technology), maintenance,
milieu/mother nature/environment, manpower/mind power, and method (process). This category commonly
used in manufacturing industry. The category of 4S’ fishbone diagram is systems, surrounding, skills, and
suppliers. This category commonly used in service industry. The category of 8P’s fishbone is physical evidence,
people, place, product/service, price, promotion, process, and productivity & quality. But, your categorization is
not limited to these kind of categories.

SOAL B

Why-why diagram is the other tools for identify the root cause of a problem. Why-Why works by repeatedly
asking the same question of a problem, breaking down the cause or solution into more and more explicit

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elements. At each stage, there can be multiple answers to the ‘Why’ questions, which results in a hierarchical
tree-structure. The rule thumb to asking ‘why’ is five.

Here is the one example of why-why diagram to identify the root cause of Holden’s Restaurant problem based on
previous the fishbone diagram.

To identify the key or root cause of Holden’s problem, you can analyze from the most frequent box which related
among the others box. From the diagram above, we can identify that there are four boxes which have relations.
All of the red bolded boxes relate to 10 OM decisions, the first box (from left) is about inventory management,
the second box is about layout decisions, the third box is about maintenance and reliability decision, and the last
box is about supply chain management. So, from this diagram we have more clear identification that the root
cause is started from the operations planning for the Holden’s Restaurant.

SOAL C

The most suited model is bounded rationality model. Suzzane doesn’t follow the cognitive process which have
several process and she only have limited information from the customers and her employee. From this,
investigating, she only have few options to fix her restaurant. On the other side, she only have limited time to
make her family restaurant become succesful like old time. Thus, she only choose the most useful.

SOAL D

The environment faced by Suzzane is uncertain condition because she doesn;t know what condition will happen
in the future (at least, this isn’t stated in the problem). i.e. low, moderate, and high sales. Otherwise, she know
the conditions, she may not have the historical data about this condition. So, she only can predict.

SOAL E

Based on the root cause on Part (b), I suggest Suzzane to make appropriate operations planning in the beginning
of the year or to rapidly fix her restaurant, the planning should be created as soon as possible.

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