CAR SEM 1

BACTERIOLOGY ACTIVITY

NAME: CORTEZ, JOLIE DATE SUBMITTED:

GRAM POSITIVE COCCI

Staphylococcus CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MOD DISEASE
TESTS E OF
TRANSMISSION
Staphylococcus aureus Non-motile, Gram- Blood Agar 1.Ddirect contact 1. Penicillinase- 1. pneumonia
positive, catalase- Chocolated Blood with an infected resistant penicillins 2. meningitis
positive and facultative Agar person 2. Vancomycin 3. osteomyelitis
anaerobic coccus Tryptic soy agar 2. Inhaling infected 3. Clindamycin (children)
(TSA), droplets dispersed 4. acute bacterial
brain heart infusion by sneezing or endocarditis
(BHI) agar coughing. 6. septic arthritis
and 3. By using a 6. skin infection
Luria Bertani (LB) contaminated 7. bacteremia/sepsis
agar object 8. UTI
Staphylococcus epidermidis Very hardy Mannitol salt agar Direct or indirect Vancomycin 1.prosthetic joints,
microorganism, contact with a valves
consisting of nonmotile, person who has a 2. sepsis from
Gram-positive cocci, discharging wound intravenous lines
arranged in grape-like or 3. UTI
clusters clinical infection of 4.Skin
the respiratory or contamination in
urinary tract blood cultures
Staphylococcus saprophyticus Coagulase-negative, it Mueller-Hinton agar Community- Penicillin 1. UTIs in sexually
is Gram-positive, is acquired urinary active women
globular shaped, and is tract infections
a facultative anaerobe
Staphylococcus lugdunensis Coagulase-negative, Blood Agar Contact with Penicillin 1.endocarditis
consisting of Gram- persons with 2.skin infection 
positive bacteria with lessions 3.peritonitis
spherical cells that 4.breast abscess
 appear in clusters 5.brain abscess
6.osteomyelitis
7.vascular
prosthetic infection
8. septicemia

Streptococci CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MOD DISEASE
TESTS E OF
TRANSMISSION
Streptococcus pneumoniae Gram-positive, Lancet- Blood Agar Plate Oral colonization 1. Penicillin G (IM) 1. Pneumonia
shaped cocci, Catalase 2. Erythromycin 2. Meningitis
Negative and Facultative 3. Ceftriaxone 3. Sepsis
anaerobe 4. Otitis media
(children)
Enterococci Facultatively anaerobic, Bile esculin agar Spread from person Ampicillin 1. Subacute bacterial
catalase-negative (BEA) to person through endocarditis
Gram- positive cocci, poor hygiene 2. Biliary tract
arranged individually, in infections
pairs, or short chains 3. UTI
Group A Streptococci Gram-positive, Columbia agar with Transmitted via 1. Penicillin G 1. Pharyngitis
 Streptococcus pygones aerotolerant bacterium, colistin and nalidixic large respiratory 2. Penicillin V 2. Sepsis
Non-motile; Non-sporing; acid droplets or direct 3. Erythromycin 3. Skin infections
Fastidious organism contact with 4. Penicillinase- 4. Scarlet fever
infected resistant penillicin 5. Toxic shock
syndrome
6. Rheumatic fever
Group B Streptococci Gram-positive coccus Chocolate Agar Fecal-oral transmis Penicillin G 1. Neonatal meningitis
 Streptococcus agalactiae (round bacterium) with a Plate sion 2. Neonatal
tendency to form pneumonia
chains, It is a beta 3. Neonatal sepsis
hemolytic, catalase-
negative, and facultative
anaerobe.
Group C and G Streptococci A gram positive, beta- Pyrrolidonyl Transmitted person Penicillin Streptococcal toxic
 Streptococcus haemolytic, coccal Aminopeptidase to person shock syndrome
dysagalactiae bacterium belonging to (PYR) test
the family

Abiotrophia and Granulicatella
Viridans Streptococci
 Streptococcus mitis
 Streptococcus mutans
 Streptococcus salivarius
 Streptococcus bovis
 Streptococcus
anginosus
Streptococcaceae
Production of α- and β- Blood Culture Normal flora of the Penicillin Endocarditis
galactosidase Media oral cavity
Mesophilic alpha- Trypticase phytone Penicillin G 1. Subacute bacterial
hemolytic species yeast extract (TPY) endocarditis
agar 2. Dental cavities
3. Brain or liver
abcesses
Gram-positive bacteria, 1.Mitis-salivarius Large Respiratory 1.Ampicillin, 1.Tooth decay
has a thick cell wall, and (MS) agar Droplets 2.Cefotaxime
retains a gentian violet 2.MC agar 3.Cefazolin
2.Cariogenic
potential
3.mitis-sucrose- 4.Methicillin
bacitracin (MSB) 5.Clindamycin
4.BCY agar
A spherical, Gram- 1.Nitrate reduction Normal inhabitant of 1.Penicillin Bacterial meningitis
positive, facultative test upper respiratory 2.Cephalosporin
anaerobic commensal 2.Oxidase test tract 
bacterium that is both 3.Catalase test. 
catalase and oxidase
negative
Gram-positive CAMP test Inhalation of 1.Penicillin G 1.Urinary tract
bacterium that grows in Airborne Droplets 2.Ceftriaxone infections
pairs or chains of cocci 2.Endocarditis
and is a normal 3.Sepsis
inhabitant of the 4.colorectal
gastrointestinal tract. It
cancer.
is both oxidase and
catalase-negative and is
a non-motile, non-
sporulating, facultative
anaerobe
May be beta-hemolytic Blood Agar Plate Part of the human 1.Bacitracin Hepatic abscess.
or nonhemolytic bacteria flora 2.Nitrofurazone
3.sulfonamides
Streptococcus-like Organisms CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND
BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MOD DISEASE
TESTS E OF
TRANSMISSION
Aerococcus A genus in the phylum CLED medium Are opportunistic 1.Penicillin 1.Urinary tract (UTI)
Firmicutes (Bacteria) pathogens that are 2.Amoxicillin 2.Bloodstream
mainly pathogenic 3.nitrofurantoin infections (BSI)
in vulnerable
patients
Gemella Are faculatively Trypticase soy Normal human flora 1.Penicillin Endocarditis
anaerobic, catalase- agar/broth with 2.ampicillin
negative, Gram-positive defibrinated sheep 3.ampicillin-
cocci blood sulbactam
4.ceftriaxone
Lactococcus Typically spherical or Highly buffered  1.Penicillin 1.Coronary
ovoid cells, Gram- media (HB media) 2.Cephalosporin heart disease
positive, non motile, and combined with 2.Cerebral infarction
do not form spores gentamicin 3.Alzheimer disease

GRAM-NEGATIVE COCCI

Neisseria CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MOD DISEASE
TESTS E OF
TRANSMISSION
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gram-negative, non- Chocolate agar Sexually transmitted 1.Ceftriaxone 1. Urethritis
spore forming, non- plate (CAP). 2.Fluoroquinolones 2. Cervical gonorrhea
motile, encapsulated, 3. Spectinomycin
and non acid-fast
bacteria, which appear
in kidney
bean shape under the
microscope
Neisseeria meningitidis Gram-negative, non- 1.Blood agar plate Neonates & Army 1.Penicillin G 1. Meningitis
spore forming, non- (BAP) Recruits 2.Ceftriaxone 2.Septocemia
motile, encapsulated, 2.Chocolate agar 3. Rifampin 3. Meningococcal
and non acid-fast plate (CAP). disease
diplococci, which
appears in kidney
 bean shape under the
microscope

Morexella CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MOD DISEASE
TESTS E OF
TRANSMISSION
Moraxella catarrhalis Fastidious, nonmotile, Selective Person to person 1.Penicillin 1.Otitis media in
Gram-negative, aerobic, agar media transmisson 2.Amoxicillin
children
oxidase-positive 3.Ampicillin
diplococcus 2,Acute and
chronic sinusitis at
all ages
3.Lower
respiratory
infection in adults
with chronic lung
disease

ENTEROBACTERIACEAE
Escherichia CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND
BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Escherichia coli Gram negative, rod MacConkey agar Transmitted fecal oral, 1. Cephalosporins 1. Enterotoxins
shaped, non-spore forming, Urethral migration, 2. Aminoglycosides 3. 2. Diarrhea
motile with peritrichous Colonization of Trimethoprim & 3. Newborn meningitis
flagella or nonmotile Catheters, sulfamethoxazole 4. UTI
Aspiration 4. Fluoroquinolones 5. Hospital acquired
pneumonia

EPEC Gram negative, rod shaped, MacConkey agar Transmitted through 1.Rimethoprim 1. Watery diarrhea
 non-spore forming, motile with contaminated water 2.Sulfamethoxazol
peritrichous flagella or or food, or through e
nonmotile contact with animals 3.Norfloxacin
or persons 4.Ciprofloxacin
ETEC Produce special toxins which MacConkey agar Transmitted by food 1. Trimethoprim- Diarrhea
stimulate the lining of the or water sulfamethoxazole
intestines causing them to contaminated with 2.Ampicillin
secrete excessive fluid, thus animal or human
producing diarrhea feces
EIEC a type of pathogenic  Lysogeny broth (LB) Transmitted via 1.Ciprofloxacin Diarrhea and high fever
bacteria whose infection causes contaminated cheese, 2.Azithromycin
a syndrome that is identical to water, and person-to- 3.rifaximin
shigellosis person contact.
EHEC Serotype Infections display a spectrum of Hemorrhagic Colitis 1.Consumption of 1.Fluoroquinolones 1.Bloody diarrhea
O157:H7 gastrointestinal severity, but Agar contaminated, 2.Trimethoprim- 2.Hemolytic
most patients report bloody undercooked ground- sulfamethoxazole uremic syndrome (HUS)
diarrhea beef products 3.Ampicillin
2. Fecal Oral
transmission
EAEC Demonstrate Transmitted through
Dulbecco's Modified 1.Ciprofloxacin 1.Persistent diarrhea
a characteristic “stacked-brick” Eagle Medium contaminated water 2.Azithromycin
aggregative adherence when or food, or through 3.rifaximin
cultured with HEp-2 cells contact with animals
or persons
DAEC An important cause of diarrhea MacConkey medium. Transmission occurs 1.Ampicillin 1.Urinary tract infections
in through the fecal– 2.Cotrimoxazole 2. Diarrhea
children, immunocompromised oral route 3.Cefazolin
patients, and travelers 4.Cefuroxime
5.Cefotaxime
6.Ciprofloxacin
UPEC Include hemolysin and Lysogeny broth (LB) The host fecal flora is 1.Amoxicillin 1.Urinary tract infections
aerobactin production, the source of the 2. Penicillins 2. Gastroenteritis
expression of P fimbriae, serum infecting E. coli strain,
resistance, cytotoxic necrotizing and spreads via the
factor (CNF), and capsule perineal, vaginal, and
production periurethral areas to
the lower urinary tract
Escherichia A Gram negative rod-shaped
hermanii bacterium commonly found in the
 wounds and feces of warm-
blooded animals

Klebsiella CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Klebsiella Gram-negative, non-motile, MacConkey agar Colon, soil, water 1. Ciprofloxacin 1. Pneumonia
pneumoniae encapsulated, lactose- 2. Hospital acquired UTI
fermenting, facultative and sepsis
anaerobic, rod-shaped
bacterium
Klebsiella oxytoca Gram-negative, rod-shaped Simmons citrate agar Spread through 1.Ampicillin 1.Pneumonia
bacterium that is closely related (SCA) with 1% person-to-person 2.Piperacillin 2.Urinary tract infection
to K. pneumoniae, from which it inositol (SCAI) contact 3.Ticarcillin 3.Soft tissue infection
is distinguished by being indole- 4.Ceftazidime 4.Septicaemia
positive 5.Cefepime
6.Levofloxacin
7.Norfloxacin
Klebsiella A gram-negative encapsulated Stuart media Hospital-Acquired  Amoxicillin plus Enteric Fever-
ornithinolytica aerobic bacillus belonging to Infection clavulanic acid Like Syndrome
family Enterobacteriaceae

Enterobacter CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Enterobacter Lysine decarboxylase negative, 1.Chocolate agar Spread through the 1.Cefepime 1.Eye and
gergoviae indole negative, oxidase 2.Selective media Fecal-oral route 2. Imipenem skin infections
negative, and may liquefy 2.Meningitis,
gelatin bacteremia
3.Pneumonia
4.Urinary
tract infections
Enterobacter Facultatively anaerobic Gram- 1.Chocolate agar Spread through the 1.Amoxicillin 1.Osteomyelitis
cancerogenus negative bacterium that is 2.Selective media Fecal-oral route 2.Clavulanic acid 2.Bacteremia
generally recovered from 3.Blood Agar Plate 3.Cefaclor 3.Urinary tract infection
environmental or vegetal sources 4.Cefazoline 4.Pneumonia
and is considered mostly 5.Cefoxitin
phytopathogenic
Cronobacter CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND
BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Cronobacter A motile, peritrichous, Gram- Chromogenic media Food-borne illness in 1.Ampicillin 1.Meningitis
sakazakii negative rod that was neonates and infants 2.Gentamicin 2.Septicemia in infants
previously referred to as a
'yellow-pigmented

Pantoea CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Pantoea A yellow-pigmented, rod- Enterobacteriaceae Hospital-Acquired  1.Ceftriaxone 1.Skin Infections
agglomerans shaped Gram-negative aerop enrichment (EE) Disease 2.Meropenem 2. Urinary-tract infections
bacillus that belongs to the broth medium 3.Fluconazole
Enterobacteriaceae family 4.Teicoplanin

Serratia CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Serratia A motile,short rod-shaped, Egg-yolk medium Ingestion of 1.Ampicillin 1.Pneumonia
marcescens Gram-negative, facultative contaminated foods 2.Cephalosporins 2.Lower Respiratory
anaerobe bacterium, classified and direct contact tract infection
as an opportunistic pathogen 3.Urinary tract infection
4.Bloodstream infection
5.Wound infection
6.Meningitis

Proteus CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Proteus mirabilis Small gram-negative bacillus Heart infusion agar 1.Transmitted through 1.Ampicillin 1. Urinary-tract infections
and a facultative anaerobe. contaminated 2.Cephalosporins
Proteus mirabilis is catheters
characterized by its swarming 2.Accidental
motility, its ability to ferment parenteral inoculation
maltose, and its inability to
ferment lactose
Proteus vulagris A rod-shaped, nitrate-reducing, Selective Media 1.Transmitted through Carbapenems 1.Urinary-tract infections
indole+ and catalase-positive, contaminated 2.Wound infections
hydrogen sulfide-producing, catheters 3.Burn infections
 Gram-negative bacterium that 2.Accidental 4.Bloodstream
inhabits the intestinal tracts of parenteral inoculation infections
humans and animals 5.Respiratory tract
infections

Providencia CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE OF DISEASE
TESTS TRANSMISSION
Providencia rettgeri Gram negative MacConkey medium Direct or indirect contact Carbapenems  1.Urinary tract
bacterium that is with contaminated persons infections
commonly found in both or objects. 2.Gastrointestinal
water and land infections
environments
Providencia stuartii Gram negative bacillus 1.Nutrient agar Hospital pathogen 1.Tetracyclines 1.Purple urine bag
that is commonly found 2. MacConkey  2.Penicillins, syndrome
in soil, water, and medium 3.Cephalosporins 2.Bloodstream
sewage infection
3.Catheter-
associated urinary
tract infections
Providencia alcalifaciens  Gram negative bacillus MacConkey medium Hospital pathogen 1.Tetracyclines 1.Catheter-
2.Penicillins, associated urinary
3.Cephalosporins tract infections

Morganella CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE OF DISEASE
TESTS TRANSMISSION
Morganella morganii Facultatively anaerobic 1,Liquid media Community-acquired 1.Penicillin 1.Diabetic foot
and oxidase-negative. 2.Nutrient broth infection 2.Ampicillin infections
Its colonies appear off- 3.Sulbactam 2.Necrotizing
white and opaque in fasciitis
color 3.Decubitus ulcer
infections
4.Septic arthritis
 5.M
eningitis

Citrobacter CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE OF DISEASE
TESTS TRANSMISSION
Citrobacter freundii Facultative anaerobic Nutrient agar 1.Spread by direct contact 1.Fluoroquinolones 1.Urinary tract
gram-negative bacteria  with hospital staff infections
of the family members 2.Carbapenems
Enterobacteriaceae. 2.Mother to 3.Cephalosporins
The bacteria have a child transmission
long rod shape 3.Fecal-oral route
Citrobacter koseri

Salmonella CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE OF DISEASE
TESTS TRANSMISSION
Salmonella enterica Facultative anaerobe Hektoen Enteric 1.Human infection usually 1.Aampicillin Mild
and is a gram (HE) Agar occurs when consuming 2.Amoxicillin, gastroenteritis to
negative, motile and contaminated foods and 3.Trimethoprim- severe systemic
non-sporing rod water sulfamethoxazole infections
2.Contact with infected
feces, as well as contact
with infective animals
Salmonella enterica Facultative anaerobe Iron media Food-borne infections 1.Tetracyclines Diarrhea
subsp.enterica (I) and is a gram 2.Aminoglycosides
negative, motile and
non-sporing rod
Salmonella enterica Rod-shaped, flagellate, Diarrhea
subsp.salame (II) facultative aerobic,
Gram-negative
bacterium and a
species of the genus
Salmonella
Salmonella enterica
subsp.arizonae (IIa)
Salmonella enterica
subsp.diarizonae (IIb)
Salmonella enterica
subsp.houtenae (IV)
Salmonella enterica
subsp.indica (VI)
Salmonella bongori

Shigella CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Shigella dysenteriae Gram negative, non- Hektoen enteric Fecal-Oral 1.Fluoroquinolone 1. Shiga toxin
spore forming bacillus agar Transmission 2. Trimethoprim 2. Bloody diarrhea with
that survives as 3.Sulfamethoxazole mucus and pus
a facultative anaerobe (dysentery)
Shigella sonnei A non-motile, Selective medium Fecal-Oral 1.Ampicillin Watery or bloody
nonspore-forming, Transmission 2.Amoxicillin diarrhea
facultative anaerobic
Gram-negative
bacterium
Shigella boydii Gram-negative Selective medium Fecal-Oral 1.Ampicillin Waterydiarrhea
bacterium of the genus, Transmission 2.Amoxicillin
a nonmotile, nonspore
forming, rod-shaped
bacterium
Shigella flexneri

Yersinia CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Yersinia pestis A nonmotile, stick- 1.Brain heart Transmitted from 1.Streptomycin Plague or black death
shaped, facultative infusion agar rodent to human by 2.Tetracycline
anaerobic bacterium (BHIA) the bite of an 3.Chloramphenico
with bipolar staining 2.Sheep blood agar infected flea
that produces an 3.MacConkey agar
antiphagocytic slime
layer
Yersnina enterolitica Gram-negative bacillus MacConkey agar Transmitted by 1.Aminoglycosides 1.Acute diarrhea

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Plesiomonas
Plesiomonas shigelloides
Edwardsiella
Edwarsiella tarda
Vibrio
Vibrio cholera
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
shaped bacterium that consumption of 2.Chloramphenicol 2.Mesenteric adenitis
causes a zoonotic contaminated food 3.Tetracycline 3.Tterminal ileitis
disease  4.Trimethoprim- 4.Pseudoappendicitis
sulfamethoxazol
CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND
BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Long and straight rods, Inositol-brilliant Transmission of 1.Norfloxacin Gastroenteritis
motile by two to eight green-bile salts plesiomonads to 2.Trimethoprim
polar flagella and may agar (IBB) humans are water
also produce
peritrichous flagella
CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND
BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
A facultatively 1.Tripticase soy It is spread by 1.Cephalosporins Gastrointestinal disease
anaerobic, small, agar (TSA) carrier animal feces 2.Aminoglycosides
motile, gram negative, 2. Salmonella–
straight rod with flagella Shigella agar (SS)
NON-ENTERIC GASTROINTESTINAL PATHOGENS
CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND
BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Gram negative, non- Citrate bile salts Fecal-oral 1. Doxycycline Cholera
spore forming, curved sucrose (TCBS) transmission 2. Fluoroquinolone
rod that is oxidase agar
positive, is a facultative
anaerobe
Gram- negative, Thiosulphate citrate Ingestion of raw, 1.Cephalosporin Gastroenteritis
halophilic, non- bile salts sucrose undercooked, or 2. Tetracycline
sporeforming, curved (TCBS) contaminated
 rod-shaped bacterium shellfish
Vibrio vulnificus Gram-negative bacterium Selective medium Through eating raw 1.Cephalosporin Life-threatening
that naturally occurs in or undercooked 2. Tetracycline wound infections
estuarine waters and shellfish
marine environment
Vibrio agrinolyticus Gram-negative marine Selective medium 1.Cephalosporin Diarrhea
bacterium. It is medically 2. Tetracycline
important since it causes
otitis and wound infection
Vibrio mimicus

Aeromonas CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Aeromonas caviae Motile, Gram-negative  Enteric media Fecal oral  1.Penicillin 1.Bacteremia
facultatively anaerobic transmission 2.Ampicillin 2.Gastroenteritis
rods 3.Carbenicillin 3.Cholangitis,
4.Ticarcillin 4.Wound
infections
Aeromonas hydrophilia Gram- negative straight Ampicillin bile salts Fecal oral  1.Fluoroquinolones Severe diarrhea
rods with rounded ends inositol xylose agar transmission 2.Cephalosporins
Aeromonas veronii Gram-negative, rod- Minimal essential  Fecal oral  1.Penicillin 1.Wound
shaped bacterium found medium (MEM) transmission 2.Ampicillin infections
in fresh water and in 3.Carbenicillin 2.Diarrhea 
association with animals

Campylobacter CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Campylobacter jejuni A microaerobic, non- Charcoal- 1.Zoonotic 1. Fluoroquinolone Secretory or bloody
spore forming, gram- cefoperazone- 2. Transmitted by 2. Erythromycin diarrhea
negative bacteria, form deoxycholate agar uncooked meat and
motile, spiral shaped fecal-oral
rods

Campylobacter coli Gram-negative bacteria Skirrow's medium Ingestion of the 1.Azithromycin 1.Diarrhoea

organism via (frequently bloody)
contaminated food
or water,
 particularly raw or
undercooked meats
Campylobacter lari Gram-negative bacteria Preston agars Ingestion of the 1.Azithromycin 1.Mild diarrhea to
organism via frank dysentery
contaminated food
or water

Campylobacter fetus "S-shaped" morphology, 1.Thayer-Martin Transmitted by 1.Azithromycin 1.Severe systemic

Gram-negative, motile 2.Martin-Lewis ingestion in cattle, infections
bacteria  media sheep and goats
Campylobacter sputorum Gram-negative bacteria 1.CAT agar Direct contact or 1.Azithromycin 1. Inflammatory
2.Blood agar through Bowel disease
contaminated
sources of food and
water
Campylobacter concisus Gram-negative, highly Transmitted to 1.Rifaximin 1.Prolonged
fastidious, mesophilic humans through diarrhea
bacterium that grows consumption of 2.Inflammatory
under both anaerobic undercooked or bowel disease
and microaerobic contaminated food
conditions with the or via contact with
presence of hydrogen animals
significantly aiding
growth
Campylobacter curvus
Campylobacter rectus

Helicobacter CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Helicobacter pylori Gram-negative, 1.Brucella agar Transmitted person 1. Bismuth, 1. Duodenal ulcers
microaerophilic, motile, 2.Columbia agar -to-person by saliva ampicillin, 2. Chronic gastritis
and they are the only metronidazole &
species in the Helibacter tetracycline
genus to have multiple 2. Clarithromycin &
unipolar-sheathed omeprazole
flagella
Helicobacter cinaedi An enterohepatic Transmitted to 1.Ceftriaxone 1.Diarrhea
bacillus that causes humans by close 2.Oxycycline 2.Erysipelas
 infections of various contact with 3.Cellulitis
manifestations infected animals. 4.Arthritis
5.Neonatal
meningitis
Helicobacter fenneliae

NON-FERMENTATIVE GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI

Pseudomonas CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL TESTS COLLECTION/MODE OF DISEASE
TRANSMISSION
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gram-negative, rod- Pseudomonas isolation Opportunistic 1. ticarcillin 1. pneumonia
shaped, agar 2. timentin 2. osteomyelitis
asporogenous, and 3. carbenicillin 3. burn wound
monoflagellated 4. piperacillin infections
bacterium. It has a 5. mezlocillin 4. sepsis
pearlescent 6. ciprofloxacin 5. UTI
appearance and 7. imipenem 6. endocarditis
grape-like or tortilla-
8. tobramycin 7. malignant external
like odour
9. aztreonam otitis
8. corneal infections in
contact lens wearers
Pseudomonas Gram-negative outer 1.Nutrient broth/agar Usually through the 1.Fluorescens Inflammatory
fluorescens covering, its rod 2.Tryptic soy blood stream due to 2.Ceftazidime Bowel Disease
shape with broth/agar contaminated IVs and 3.Carbapenems
numerous flagella for blood transfusions
motility
Pseudomonas putida Gram-negative, rod- LB Agar/Broth Nosocomial  Colistin Skin and soft tissue
shaped, non- transmission infections
fermenting
bacterium

Acinetobacter CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL TESTS COLLECTION/MODE OF DISEASE
TRANSMISSION
Acinetobacter baumannii Gram-negative Selective medium Direct contact and may 1.Carbapenems Urinary tract and
bacillus that is be found on skin or in 2.Polymyxins wound infections
aerobic, pleomorphic food, water, or soil
and non-motile
Acinetobacter lwoffi nonfermentative Selective medium Normal flora Cephalosporin Ventilator-associated
aerobic gram- pneumonia and
negative bacillus bloodstream infections
Acinetobacter onfermenting, Sheep blood agar Direct contact with Cephalosporin 1.Pneumonia
haemolyticus nonmotile, oxidase- surfaces, objects, or the 2.Meningitis
negative, aerobic skin of people that are 3.Urinary
gram-negative contaminated with tract infections
coccobacilli 4.Skin and
wound infections.

Stenotrophomonas CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL TESTS COLLECTION/MODE OF DISEASE
TRANSMISSION
Streonotrophomonas Gram-negative, Selective agar media Direct entry into the 1.Trimethoprim- Bacterial pneumonia
maltophilia motile, multitrichous body, either through sulfamethoxazole
flagellated bacillus ingesting, bathing, or 2.Fluoroquinolones
that is aerobic contaminated surgical
and non-fermenting instruments

Bukholderia CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL TESTS COLLECTION/MODE OF DISEASE
TRANSMISSION
Burkholderia cepacia Rod-shaped, free- Selective Agar Exposure to Sublingual 1.Trimethoprim- Cystic fibrosis
living, motile Gram- Probes sulfamethoxazole
negative bacteria 2.Ceftazidime
3.Carbapenems
Burkholderia Gram-negative, 1.Blood agar Through inhalation, 1.Tetracyclines Melioidosis
pseduomallei bipolar, aerobic, 2.MacConkey agar ingestion or direct 2.Sulfonamides
motile rod-shaped 3.EMB contact with
bacterium contaminated soil or
water
Burkholderia mallei Gram-negative, 1.Sheep blood agar Exposure among 1.Epipenem Glanders
bipolar, aerobic 2.Trypticase soy agar workers who handle 2.Ceftazidime
bacterium, a human infected animals
and animal pathogen
 of genus Burkholderia
causing glanders
Burkholderia gladioli Aerobic gram- Basal media Person-to-person  1.Aminoglycosides Cystic fibrosis
negative rod- transmission 2.Ciprofloxacin
shaped bacteria

Other Non-Fermentative CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND
Gram Negative Bacilli BIOCHEMICAL TESTS COLLECTION/MODE OF DISEASE
TRANSMISSION
Alcaligenes faecalis Gram-negative rods, Oxidase test and Transmission commonl 1.Chloramphenicol 1.Peritonitis
motile by catalase test y occurs via droplets 2.Tetracyclines 2.Meningitis
peritrichous flagella, and contact 3.Otitis media
aerobic 4.Appendicitis
5.Bloodstream
infection.
Oligella urethralis Coccobacillary, MacConkey agar Person to person Penicillin GU tract Infection
aerobic, gram- transmission
negative nonmotile
bacteria
Oligella ureolytica Small aerobic MacConkey agar Person to person 1.Ampicillin Bacteremia
coccoid Gram- transmission 2.Chloramphenicol
negative bacilli that 3.erythromycin
are nonsaccharolytic 4.Penicillin G
Moraxella lacunata Strictly aerobic, Oxidase test Person to person in a 1.Penicillin Bovine
oxidase-positive, hospital setting 2.Amoxicillin keratoconjunctivitis
catalase-positive, 3.Ampicillin
DNAse-positive,
non-encapsulated
and asaccharolytic
Chromobacterium Gram-negative, Columbia blood agar Contact with stagnant Aztreonam  Life-threatening
violaceum facultative water or soil. sepsis with metastatic
anaerobic, non- abscesses
sporing
coccobacillus. It is
motile with the help
of a single flagellum
which is located at
 the pole of the
coccobacillus
Shawanella putrefaciens Gram-negative Nutrient agar Exposure to seawater. 1.Cephalosporins 1.Bacteremia
pleomorphic 2.Piperacillin 2.Skin and soft-tissue
bacterium 3.Ciprofloxacin infection
4.Gentamicin 3.Biliary tract infection
4.Peritonitis

SMALL, PLEOMORPHIC, GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI

Haemophilus CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Haemophilus influenzae Gram negative 1.Chocolate agar Respiratory 1.Trimethoprim- 1.Bacteremia
coccobaccilus 2.Blood Agar Plate droplets sulfamethoxazole 2.Pneumonia
2.Cefuroxime 3.Epiglottitis
3.Axetil 4.acute bacterial
meningitis
Haemophilus ducreyi Fstidious facultative Selective medium Transmitted throug Azithromycin Chancroid
anaerobic, gram h direct contact with
negative, non spore- open lesions and
forming, cocobaccillus exudates from
lymph nodes during
sexual intercourse
Haemophilus parainfluenzae Ability to synthesize Chocolate Agar Plate Respiratory 1.Amoxicillin 1.Endocarditis
heme, permitting growth droplets 2.Ampicillin 2.Meningitis
in vitro in the absence 3.Bacteremia
of exogenously added X
factor.
Haemophilus paraphrophilus Gram-negative bacilli Blood Agar Plate Respiratory 1.Pivampicillin Endocarditis with
droplets 2.Amoxicillin embolic
complications
Haemophilus parahaemolyticus Small, pleomorphic, 1. Chocolate agar Direct spread from Amoxicillin Pneumonia
Gram-negative rods or Plate water droplets from
coccobacilli with 2.Blood Agar Plate the upper
occasional longer, respiratory tract
 filamentous forms
Haemophilus pittmaniae Gram-negative, 1. Chocolate agar Respiratory Amoxicillin Chronic lung
pleomorphic, coccobacilli Plate droplets diseases
bacteria 2.Blood Agar Plate
Haemophilus aegypticus Gram-negative Blood Agar Plate Respiratory 1.Ampicillin Purulent
bacterium with an droplets 2.Chloramphenicol conjunctivitis
elongated rod shape 3.amoxicillin-
clavulanic acid
Haemophilus segnis Gram-negative rods or Chocolate agar Respiratory Trimethoprim- Bacteremia.
coccobacilli Plate droplets sulfamethoxazole

Fastidious Gram- Negative CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND
Bacteria BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Aggregatibacter aphrophilus Capnophilic, Chocolate agar Normal Ceftriaxone  Peptic ulcer 
fermentative, non- Plate oropharyngeal flora disease
motile, gram-negative
coccobacillus
Aggregatibacter Gram-negative, Selective Media Horizontal  1.Amoxicillin Periodontitis
actinomycetemcomintans facultative anaerobe, transmission 2.Metronidazole
nonmotile bacterium
Cardiobacterium hominis A catalase-negative, MacConkey Mode of Cephalosporin Endocarditis
oxidase-positive, indole- selective medium transmission is still
producing, Gram- controversial
negative rod
Eikenella corrodens A small straight rod that Selective Media Poor oral hygiene 1..Penicillins Pancreatic disease
can appear and or periodontal 2.Cephalosporins
coccobacillary infection
Kingella kingae A common etiology of 1. Chocolate agar Person-to-person Cephalosporin 1.Osteomyelitis
pediatric bacteremia Plate through respiratory 2.Septic arthritis
2.Blood Agar Plate secretions and
saliva
Kingella oralis Normally found in small BAV medium Person to person Cephalosporin Human buccal
numbers in the oral Transmission cavity
cavity
Kingella denitrificans Are quite opaque and Blood Agar Plate Transmitted from Cephalosporin Pneumocystis
tend to adhere to the child to child
agar surface through close
personal contact
Brucella CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND
BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Brucellla abortus Small, Gram-negative, Selective Media Transmitted by 1.Doxycycline Brucellosis
facultative coccobacilli, contact with 2. ciprofloxacin
most lacking a capsule, infected tissues, 3. Rifampin
endospores vaginal discharges
Brucella canis Gram-negative Selective Media Transmitted by 1.Doxycycline Brucellosis
proteobacterium, rod- contact with 2. ciprofloxacin
shaped or a coccus infected tissues 3. Rifampin
Brucella suis Gram negative Enriched medium Transmitted by the Doxycycline Swine brucellosis
coccobacillus ingestion of raw
milk and milk
products from
infected animals
Brucella melitensis  Gram-negative bacteria Brucella agar Transmitted by Streptomycin Brucellosis
contact with
infected tissues

Bordetella CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MOD DISEASE
TESTS E OF
TRANSMISSION
Bordetella pertussis Are small, gram- 1.Regan-Lowe medi Respiratory Erythromycin Whooping cough
negative, encapsulated, um transmission
non-motile, coccobacilli 2. Bordet-
with outer pili Gengou medium
Bordetella parapertussis Manifests with similar Blood Agar Plate Spread from pig to 1.Natural penicillin Kennel cough 
symptoms to B. pig by aerosol 2.Aminopenicillins syndrome
pertussis-derived droplets
disease
Bordetella bronchiseptica Most known for causing Blood Agar Plate Air droplets with a Trimethoprim- Whooping cough
“kennel cough” in dogs low infectious dose sulfamethoxazole
and brochopnemonia in
cats
Bordetella avium Gram-negative aerobic Oxidation- Spreads through 1.Ceftiofur Bordetellosis
 bacterium that causes fermentation mediu direct contact 2.Lincomycin
bordetellosis in birds m

Francisella CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MOD DISEASE
TESTS E OF
TRANSMISSION
Francisella tularensis

Pasteurella CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MOD DISEASE
TESTS E OF
TRANSMISSION
Pasteurella multocida
Pasteurella bettyae
Pasteurella stomatis
Pasteurella dagmatis
Pasteurella bettyae
Pasteurella canis

Legionella CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MOD DISEASE
TESTS E OF
TRANSMISSION
Legionella pneumophilia Gram negative, strictly Blood Agar Media 1.Ubiquitous in man 1. Erythromycin 1. Cytotoxin
aerobic bacterium  & natural water 2. Rifampin 2. Pontiac fever
environ 3. Legionnaires’
2.Air conditioning, Disease
cooling towers
Legionella micdadei
Legionella bozemanii
Legionella dumoffii
 AEROBIC GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI

Bacillus CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MOD DISEASE
TESTS E OF
TRANSMISSION
Bacillus anthracis 1. Penicillin G 1. Anthrax
2. Erythromycin
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus thruringiensis
Bacillus mycoides
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus pumilus

Corynebacterium CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MOD DISEASE
TESTS E OF
TRANSMISSION
Corynebacterium diphtheria
Corynebacterium
pseudotuberculosis
Corynebacterium
pseudodiptheriticum
Corynebacterium striatum
Corynebacterium ulcerans
Corynebacterium xerosis
Corynebacterium jeikeium
Corynebacterium urealyticum

Listeria CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MOD DISEASE
TESTS E OF
TRANSMISSION
Listeria monocytogens Are small Gram-positive, Ingestion of 1. ampicillin 1. neonatal
nonspore-forming, contaminated raw 2. trimethoprim meningitis
noncapsulated bacilli,
 facultative intracellular, milk or cheese; 3.sulfamethoxazole 2. meningitis in
aero-anaerobic bacteria vaginal transmission immuno-suppressed
3. septicemia

Erysipelothrix CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MOD DISEASE
TESTS E OF
TRANSMISSION
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Arcanobacterium CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE OF DISEASE
TESTS TRANSMISSION
Arcanobacterium
haemolyticum
Arcanobacterium pyogenes
Arcanobacterium bernardiae

CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE OF DISEASE
TESTS TRANSMISSION
Kurthia

ACID-FAST AEROBIC ACTINOMYCETES

Nocardia CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE OF DISEASE
TESTS TRANSMISSION
Nocardia brasiliensis
Nocardia cyriacigeorgica
Nocardia farcinica
Nocardia asteroides Are filamentous Buffered charcoal When soil or water 1. Trimethoprim- 1. Nocardiosis
aerobic, Gram-positive yeast extract carrying nocardiosis bacteri sulfamethoxazole
and mycolic acid cell (BCYE) agar a gets into the skin through
wall bacteria a cut or scrape
Nocardia nova
 CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND
BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE OF DISEASE
TESTS TRANSMISSION
Rhodococcus equi
Gordonia
Tsukamurella

Non-acid fast, Aerobic gram CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND
positive Actinomycetes BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE OF DISEASE
TESTS TRANSMISSION
Streptomyces somaliensis
Actinomadura
Tropheryma whipplei

MYCOBACTERIUM (ACID FAST BACILLI)

Mycobacterium CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium bovis
Mycobacterium africanum
Mycobacterium canetti
Mycobacterium microti

Non-tuberculosis Mycobacteria CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND
BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Mycobacterium avium complex
Mycobacterium kansasii
Mycobacterium marinum
Mycobacterium ulcerans
Mycobacterium gordonae
Mycobacterium xenopi
Mycobacterium terrae complex
Mycobacterium asiaticum
Mycobacterium genavense
Mycobacterium haemophilum
Mycobacterium malmoense
Mycobacterium sacrofulaceum
Mycobacterium simiae
Mycobacterium szulgai

Non-tuberculosis Mycobacteria CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND
Rapid Growers BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Mycobacterium fortuitum
Mycobacterium chelomae
Mycobacterium abscessus
Mycobacterium smegmatis

ANEROBIC BACTERIA

Gram positive Anaerobic CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND
Spore forming Bacteria BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Clostridium perfinges Non-motile rod-shaped Gram- Soil; Entry via 1.Penicillin 1. gaseous
positive bacteria wounds 2.Clindamycin gangrene 2.
cellulites/wound
infection
3. clostridial
myonecrosis
Clostridium novyi Gam-positive, indicating that it
consists of a thick cell well
with no outer membrane. It is
a rod-shaped, spore
producing bacterium.
C. novyi is an anaerobic
 bacterium
Clostridium septicum Gram variable rods with
numerous sub-terminal
spores
Clostridium histolyticum It is a motile, gram-positive,
aerotolerant anaerobe
Clostridium bifermentans Gram-positive, rod-shaped,
anaerobic, spore-forming
pathogenic bacterium
Clostridium sordellii A spore-forming, obligately
anaerobic, Gram-positive
Clostridium innocuum An anaerobic, non-motile,
gram-positive bacterium that
reproduces by sporulation
Clostridium botulinum A gram-positive, anaerobic, 1. Antitoxin 1. cranial nerve
rod- shape, spore-forming 2. Penicillin palsies
bacillus 2. muscle weakness
3. respiratory
paralysis
Clostridium tetani A motile, anaerobic, 1.Penicillin 1. muscle spasm
spore forming bacteria 2.Metronidazole 2. lockjaw
3. risus sardonica
3. opisthotones
4. respiratory
muscle paralysis

CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Bacteroides fragilis Obligately anaerobic, Gram- Brain Heart Normal GI flora 1. Metronidazole Abcesses in GI tract,
negative, rod-shaped Infusion Agar (BHI) 2. Clindamycin pelvis, lungs
bacterium 3. Chloramphenicol
Actinomyces israelii A filamentous anaerobic to Chocolate blood Normal Oral Flora 1. Penicillin G 1. Actinomycosis
microaerophilic bacteria which agar media
is a gram-positive, non-spore
forming, and non-acid-fast
bacillus
Propionibacterium acnes
Lactobacillus CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND
BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Lactobacillus fermentum
Lactobacillus vaginalis
Lactobacillus salivarius

Rickettsiaceae and Other Related Orgnisms

Rickettia CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Rickettia rickettsia An obligate intracellular Fluorescent Transmitted by dog 1. Doxycycline 1. Rocky Mountain
alpha proteobacteria that antibody test and wood ticks 2. Chloramphenicol Spotted Fever
belongs to the
Rickettsiacae family,
gram-negative
coccobacillus which
multiplies by binary
fission and has both
DNA and RNA
Rickettia prowazekii
Rickettia canorii
Rickettia akari Intracellular gram- Weil Felix test Transmitted by mites 1. Doxycycline 1. Rickettsial Pox
negative on house mice 2. Chloramphenicol
Rickettia felis

CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
 TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Orientia tsutsugamushi
Anaplasma phagocytohilia

Bartonella CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Bartonella quintana
Bartonella bacilliformis
Bartonella benselae

CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Coxiella burnetii
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
Ehrlichia ewingii

Chlamydiaceae

Chlamydia CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Chlamydia trachomatis An obligate, aerobic, Nucleic acid Humans, Direct 1. Doxycycline 1. Trachoma
intracellular parasite of hybridization tests Contact (adults) 2. Infant pneumonia
eukaryotic cells. It is a 2. Erythromycin 3. Urethritis,
Gram-negative bacteria (infants and cervicitis
and has a coccoid or rod pregnant women) 4. ymphogranuloma
shape 3. Azithromycin venereum
Chlamydophila psittaci
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
 CELL WALL DEFICIENT BACTERIA

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND
BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Mycoplasma pneumonia Characterized by the Eaton's agar Humans, Respiratory 1.Erythromycin, 1. Atypical
absence of a droplets azithromycin Pneumonia
peptidoglycan cell wall 2. Tetracycline
and resulting resistance
to many antibacterial
agents
Mycoplasma hominis
Mycoplasma fermentans
Mycoplasma pirum
Mycoplasma penetrans
Ureaplasma urealyticum

Sphirochetes and Miscellaneous Bacteria

Treponema CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND
BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Treponema pallidum subsp.
pallidum
Treponema pallidum subsp.
pertenue
Treponema pallidum subsp.
endemicum
Treponema carateum
Treponema denticola
Treponema socranski

Borrelia CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Borrelia recurrentis Cause of systemic Barbour-Stoenner- Transmitted from 1.Doxycycline 1. Relapsing fever
inflammatory disease, Kelly II (BSK person to person by 2.Erythromycin
characterized by one to II) medium the body louse 3. Penicillin G
five fever relapses,
distinctive hemorrhagic
syndrome
Borrelia hermsii Infection in human Barbour-Stoenner- Transmitted to 1. Doxycycline 1. Relapsing fever
hematopoietic stem cell- Kelly II (BSK humans through 2. Erythromycin
engrafted mice mirror II) medium the bite of infected 3. Penicillin G
those of human relapsing “soft ticks” 
fever.
Borrelia turicatae
Borrelia dutoni
Borrelia parkeri
Borrelia burgdorferi Helical shaped 1.BSK agar Bite of infected 1. doxycycline 1. Lyme Disease
spirochete bacterium. It 2.BHIAM agar ticks 2. amoxicillin
has an inner and outer 3.TAROM agar 3. ceftriaxone
membrane as well as a 4.MEM agar 4. penicillin G
flexible cell wall 5.MKP agar
6.PMR agar.
Borrelia garinii
Borrelia afzelii

Leptospira CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND

BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Leptospira interrogans
Leptospira biflexa

Miscellaneous Bacteria CHARACTERISTIC CULTURE MEDIA/ METHOD OF ANTIBIOTIC USE INFECTIONS AND
BIOCHEMICAL COLLECTION/MODE DISEASE
TESTS OF TRANSMISSION
Streptobacillus moniliformis
Spirillum minus
Gardnerella vaginalis
Klebsiella granulomatis
Capnocytophaga