Balancing

Need or Necessity of Balancing

A machine has many moving parts. Some of them have reciprocating motion such as piston and some of
them have rotating motion such as crank shaft. If the moving parts are not in complete balance, inertia
forces are set up which results in disturbing centrifugal forces and couples.
These disturbing forces
 Impart vibratory motion to the frame and produce noise.
 Produce excessive or undesirable noise which causes human discomfort.
 Causes detrimental effects on the machine parts which reduces life, efficiency and performance
of the parts and ultimately of the machine.
 Causes detrimental effects on structural integrity of the machine foundation.

Hence to avoid all the above adverse effects, there is a necessity of balancing
So, the purpose of balancing is to design the machinery so that the unbalance is reduced up to
acceptable level or eliminated completely.

Statically Balanced System:

When several masses rotate in a single plane and resultant of all the centrifugal forces is zero, then the
system is said to be statically balanced.
Static Balancing.

When several masses rotate in a single plane and the resultant of all the centrifugal forces is not
zero, then the system is unbalanced due to this resultant centrifugal force (disturbing centrifugal force). To
eliminate this unbalance the masses are redistributed or a counter mass is provided so that the resultant
of all the centrifugal forces is zero.
This process of removing the unbalance of the system( in which several masses are rotated in a
single plane) caused due to disturbing centrifugal force by redistributing the masses or by providing a
counter mass so that the resultant of all the centrifugal forces is zero, is called as static balancing.
Dynamic Balanced System:
When several masses rotate in a different plane and resultant of all the centrifugal forces and resultant of
couples is zero, then the system is said to be dynamically balanced.
Dynamic Balancing:
When several masses rotate in a different plane and resultant of all the centrifugal forces and
resultant of couples is not zero, then the system is unbalanced due to this resultant centrifugal force
(disturbing centrifugal force) and resultant couple(disturbing couple). To eliminate this unbalance a
separate counter mass is provided to balance the disturbing centrifugal force and disturbing couple so
that the resultant of all the centrifugal forces and resultant of all the couples is zero.
This process of removing the unbalance of the system( in which several masses are rotated in
different planes) caused due to disturbing centrifugal force and disturbing couple by providing a counter
mass separately so that resultant of all the centrifugal forces and resultant of couples is zero, is called as
dynamic balancing.

Why we need Balancing of rotating Masses

1. It will reduce the unwanted vibrations

2. it reduce the energy waste so it will increase the efficiency of the machine.
3. Vibrating parts wear quickly. So balancing is so important to have a long life time for
the shafts.
4. When shaft is unbalanced it bends when it’s rotating so it s subjected to compression
and expansion alternatively so it fails easily.
5. Bearing wears due to large forces on them.