PELTON WHEEL AND FRANCIS TURBINE TEST

I.Pelton wheel characteristics

AIM
To study the characteristics of a pelton wheel turbine.
APPARTUS REQUIRED
Inlet and outlet pressure gauge,Speedometer.
Formula Required
1.To determine discharge:
Venturimeter line pressure gauge reading = p1 kg/sq.cm
Venturimeter throat pressure gauge reading = p2 kq/sq.cm
Pressure Difference( dh) = (P1-P2)x10m of water
Venturimeter equation Q =0.0055(dH)0.5 m3/sec
Venturimeter inlet dia D =100m
Throat dia ratio B =0.6
Inlet area A =3.14xD2 /4
2.To determine inlet head of a water
Turbine pressure gauge reading = P kq/sq.cm
Turbine vaccum gauge reading = V mm of HG
Total head H = 10(P+V/760)m of water
3.Input to the turbine:
Input power = 9.81 QH KW
4. Turbine output:
Brake drum diameter = 0.30m
Rope diameter = 0.015m
Equivalent drum diameter = 0.315m
Weight on spring balance 1 = T1 Kg
Weight on spring balance 2 = T2 Kg
Resultant load-T =(T0+T1-T2)kg
Speed of the turbine = N RPM
Output power = 0.000213 NT KW
5. Turbine efficiency
The efficiency of the turbine = (Turbine Output/Turbine Input)x100%
CALCULATINS
Input total head H =10(P) m of water
Venturimeter dH =10(p1-p2)×10 m of water
Discharge Q = 0.0055(dH)0.5 cu.m/sec
Input Power I = 9.81xQxH KW
Brake drum net weight T = T0+T1-T2 kg
Turbine Output O = 0.000213 NT KW
Efficiency = (Output/Input)x100%
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEURE
 Keep the nozzle opening at about 3/8 th position
 Prime the pump if necessary
 Close the delivery gate valve completely and start the pump
 After the motor started has changed to delta mode and the motor
running at its normal speed
 Note the speed of the turbine
 Note the venturimeter pressure gauge reading
 Load the turbine by adding weights to the hanger
 Repeat the experiment for different loads

PELTON WHEEL AND FRANCIS TURBINE TEST

Francis turbine characteristics
AIM
To study the characteristics of a Francis turbine.
APPARTUS REQUIRED
Inlet and outlet pressure gauge,Speedometer.
Formula Required
1.To determine discharge:
Venturimeter line pressure gauge reading = p1 kg/sq.cm
Venturimeter throat pressure gauge reading = p2 kq/sq.cm
Pressure Difference( dh) = (P1-P2)x10m of water
Venturimeter equation Q =0.0131(dH)0.5 m3/sec
 Venturimeter inlet dia D =100m
Throat dia ratio B =0.6
Inlet area A =3.14xD2 /4
2.To determine inlet head of a water
Turbine pressure gauge reading = P kq/sq.cm
Turbine vaccum gauge reading = V mm of HG
Total head H = 10(P+V/760)m of water
3.Input to the turbine:
Input power = 9.81 QH KW
4. Turbine output:
Brake drum diameter = 0.30m
Rope diameter = 0.015m
Equivalent drum diameter = 0.315m
Weight on spring balance 1 = T1 Kg
Weight on spring balance 2 = T2 Kg
Resultant load-T =(T1-T2)kg
Speed of the turbine = N RPM

Output power =(3.14×D×N×T)/(76×60)HP

=(3.14NT)/(102×60)
=0.000162NT KW

5. Turbine efficiency
The efficiency of the turbine = (Turbine Output/Turbine Input)x100%
CALCULATINS
Input total head H =10(P) m of water
Venturimeter dH =10(p1-p2)
Discharge Q = 0.0131(dH)0.5 cu.m/sec
Input Power I = 9.81xQxH KW
 Brake drum T =(T0+T1-T2) kg
Turbine Output O = 0.000213 NT KW
Efficiency = (Output/Input)x100%
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
 Keep the guide to the required opening
 Prime the pump if necessary
 Close the main gate valve and start the pump
 Open the valve for the required discharge after the pump motor
switches from star to delta mood.
 Load the turbine by increasing the tension in the belt by rotating the
screw rod hand wheel open the brake drum cooling water gate valve
for the cooling of brake drum.
 Measure the turbine rpm by using tachometer.
 Repeat the experiment for other loads.
Pre-Lab Questions
1. What is a Turbine?
2. What is the principle behind the working of turbines?
3. What are the types of Turbine?
4. What is the difference between Francis and Pelton turbine?
5. Describe the applications of Turbines?
6. Explain the working of the Francis Turbine?
7. Explain the working of the Pelton turbine?
8. What is the use of a gate valve in the Pelton Turbine?
9. Describe the inlet and outlet velocity triangle for the pelton wheel and francs
turbine?

POST-LAB QUESTIONS:
1. What do you infer from the above experiment?
2. Draw the speed-efficiency model graph of the Turbine test?
3. What is the difference between the Francis and Pelton turbine test?
4. How does the Efficiency of a Turbine is calculated?
5. How does the theory of turbines differs from experiment?
6. What is the need for draft tube in turbines?