Name:

Shehryar Qaisar

Enrollment Number:

28

Class:

Bs Public Administration

Semester:

3rd

Course Title:

Gender and Development

Department:

Political Science

Submitted To:

Mr. Rao Arif Mehmood

Lecturer on Gender and Development

Department Of Political Science

 Branches of Ethics

DEFINATION OF ETHICS:

Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and
recommending concepts of right and wrong.

There are four main branches of ethics;

 Descriptive Ethics
 Normative Ethics
 Virtue Ethics
 Deontological Ethics
 Consequentialism Ethics
 Meta Ethics
 Applied Ethics

Descriptive Ethics:
Descriptive ethics deals with people point of view, actually believe (or made to believe on it) to right
and wrong. Whereas we can say that human actions acceptable or not acceptable or punished able by
custom or law of our society. However customs and laws keep changing from time to time and from
society to society. We say that societies have structured their moral principles as per changing time
and have expected people to behave accordingly. Due to this descriptive ethics is also called
comparative ethics, it compares the ethics or past and present ethics of society and other.

Types of Descriptive Ethics

Normative Ethics:
Normative Ethics deals with “NORMS” or set of considerations how one should act. Thus. It’s a
study of “ethical action” sets of rightness and wrongness of the actions.it is also called prescriptive
ethics .its work on the principle which determine whether an action right or wrong. Examples
“Murder is wrong”. “Giving to charity is good, but not ethically mandatory”

Virtue Ethics:
Virtue ethics focuses on virtue on minds, character and sense of honesty. Plato, Aristotle and Thomas
Aquinas were play major role of virtue ethics. Plato gave a scheme of four cardinal virtues viz.
prudence, justice, temperance and fortitude (courage).his discipline Aristotle categorized the virtues
as MORAL and INTELLECTUAL. He identified some of the moral virtues including “WISDOM”.
Deontological Ethics:
Deontological ethics derived from the Greek word “Deon” meaning duty, is the normative ethical
theory that the morality of an action should base on whether that action itself right or wrong under a
series of rules, rather than based on the consequences of the action .

Consequentialism Ethics (teleology):

Consequentialism ethics is about the rightness and wrongness of an action/policies bring about.
Utilitarianism is the most familiar form of consequentialism. The core idea of consequentialism is
that ‘the ends justify the means, an action that might not be right in the light of moral absolutism
maybe a right action under technology.

Meta Ethics:
Meta ethics is the branch of ethics that seeks to understand the nature of ethical properties,
statements attitudes and judgments. Meta ethics is one of the three branches of ethics generally
studied by philosophers, the others being normative ethics and applied ethics.

Applied Ethics:
Applied ethics refers to the practical application of moral considerations.it is ethics with respect to
real-world actions and their moral. There are six key domains of applied ethics viz. decision
ethics(ethical decision making process) Professional ethics (for good professionalism) Clinical
ethics(good clinical practices) Business ethics (good business practices).It deals with the rightness
and wrongness of social ,economic, cultural, religious issue also For Example .euthanasia child labor
, etc.