DEC 01 WELDING AND POST WELD HEAT TREATING (API RP 582) GEMS G-7M7

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

SCOPE ................................................................... 2

INTRODUCTION ............................................................. 2

PURCHASER REFERENCES ..................................................... 2

2. REFERENCES ......................................................... 2

4. GENERAL WELDING REQUIREMENTS ....................................... 2

6. WELDING CONSUMABLES (FILLER METAL AND FLUX) ........................ 3

6.1 General .................................................... 3

6.5 Submerged Arc Welding ...................................... 3

8. PREHEATING AND INTERPASS TEMPERATURE ............................... 3

8.5 Interrupting of Welding/Preheating ......................... 3

8.6 Hydrogen Outgassing ........................................ 4

9. POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT (PWHT) ..................................... 4

9.12 Applicable Gases ........................................... 4

13. NON DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION (NDE) .................................. 5

13.1 General .................................................... 5

13.2 Liquid Penetrant Examination ............................... 6
13.3 Magnetic Particle Examination (MT) ......................... 6
13.4 Radiography ................................................ 6
13.5 Ultrasonic Examination ..................................... 7
13.6 Chemical Analyses .......................................... 7
13.7 Determination of Ferrite Content for Austentic Stainless
Steel (300 Series) ......................................... 7

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TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
DEC 01 WELDING AND POST WELD HEAT TREATING (API RP 582) GEMS G-7M7

SCOPE

1. This specification defines minimum technical requirements for welding,

post weld heat treatment, and inspection and testing of welds for
pressure vessels, rotating equipment, fired heater tubes, piping, and
storage tanks.
2. This specification applies to repairs of existing equipment and piping.

INTRODUCTION

1. Requirements for welding and post weld heat treating are based on API
RP 582, “Welding Guidelines for the Chemical, Oil, and Gas Industries”,
First Edition, March 2001.
2. The requirements of this specification are supplementary to API RP 582.
3. Requirements are identified as additions, replacements, and deletions
to API RP 582.
4. Paragraph numbers in this specification are the same as API RP 582.
5. Requirements of API 582 that are not revised remain applicable.

PURCHASER REFERENCES

This specification contains references to the following Purchaser documents:

Specifications
GEMS GC, “General Conditions - General Equipment and Material
Specifications”.

2. REFERENCES

American Petroleum Institute (API)

ADD
Std. 570 “Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Rerating of In-
Service Piping Systems”.
Std 653, “Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and
Reconstruction”.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
ADD
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section V, “Nondestructive
Examination”.
SA 578 “Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Plain and Clad
Steel Plates for Special Applications”.

4. GENERAL WELDING REQUIREMENTS

ADD
4.4 This specification shall be used in preparation of:
1. Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS).

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TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
DEC 01 WELDING AND POST WELD HEAT TREATING (API RP 582) GEMS G-7M7

2. Production welding.
3. Post weld heat treament.
4.5 WPS and PQR shall be written on forms QW 482 and QW 483,
respectively shown in ASME code, Section IX, or equivalent.
Forms shall indicate essential, nonessential, and supplementary
essential (if required) variables for each welding process.
4.6 Welding to pressure parts, including temporary attachment
welding, shall comply with this specification.
4.7 Existing pressure vessels, tanks, and piping shall be repaired
and altered in accordance with API 510, 653, and 570,
respectively.
4.8 General conditions shall comply with GEMS GC.

6. WELDING CONSUMABLES (FILLER METAL AND FLUX)

6.1 General
ADD
6.1.5 Carbon steel shall not be welded with carbon – 1/2 Mo or any
other low alloy welding consumable.
6.5 Submerged Arc Welding
ADD
6.5.5 Fused flux reclaimed from the SAW process shall not be used.
Unfused flux may be reclaimed/remanufactured and used, provided
it is not floor sweepings or otherwise contaminated.
6.5.6 SAW flux shall not provide any principal element to welds in
alloy material.

8. PREHEATING AND INTERPASS TEMPERATURE

ADD
8.5 Interrupting of Welding/Preheating
1. Welding of butt joints that require a preheat temperature
lower than 250°F may be interrupted if both of the
following apply:
a. Thickness of deposited weld is a minimum of 25% of
joint thickness or 3/8 inch, whichever is greater.
b. Interrupted weld is cooled in still air or wrapped
with insulation until it cools to ambient
temperature.
2. If welding butt joints that require a preheat temperature
of 250°F or higher, preheat temperature shall be maintained
on weld without interruption until start of either PWHT or
an intermediate heat treatment at 500°F to 600°F for 1
hr/in., 2 hours minimum followed by slow cooling.
3. If the preheat is unavoidably interrupted before completion
of a weld, the weld shall be subjected to 100% wet magnetic
particle or liquid penetrant examination prior to

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DEC 01 WELDING AND POST WELD HEAT TREATING (API RP 582) GEMS G-7M7

continuation of welding.
8.6 Hydrogen Outgassing
1. For repair welding of equipment and piping that has been in
hydrogen charging service (e.g., high temperature hydrogen
or wet H2S), hydrogen outgassing shall be performed before
welding.
2. Heating to 400°F minimum (600°F preferred) for 1 hour per
inch of thickness (but not less than 2 hours total time) is
recommended.

9. POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT (PWHT)

9.1 ADD
Use of lower temperature for longer times as permitted by ASME
Code is subject to purchaser’s approval.
9.2 ADD
If partial, local, or field post weld heat treatment and/or post
weld heat treatment of lined, clad, or weld overlaid equipment is
involved, proposed post weld heat treatment shall be subject to
Purchaser approval.
ADD
9.12 Applicable Gases
PWHT shall be performed for the following cases:
1. If required by applicable code or project specifications.
2. For all carbon steel equipment and piping in rich amine and
lean amine services, regardless of operating temperature.
This requirement does not apply to fresh amine and does not
apply to tanks.
3. For all carbon steel pressure vessels in wet H2S service
(containing free liquid water) with an H2S concentration
equal to or exceeding any of the following values:
a. Partial pressure in vapor phase of 0.25 psi.
b. Content in water phase of 50 wppm.
c. Content in liquid hydrocarbon phase of 250 wppm.
d. Hardness after PWHT shall not exceed 200 Brinell.
COMMENTARY: The above values of H2S concentration are in
equilibrium to each other. There is no need to check all of
them. The judgment can be made based on any one of them
that is available.
4. For all carbon steel equipment and piping exposed to
caustic water solutions or mixtures of such solutions with
hydrocarbons under the following conditions:

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DEC 01 WELDING AND POST WELD HEAT TREATING (API RP 582) GEMS G-7M7

Concentration of NaOH
in Water Solution Stress Relieving Required
(Wt. Percent) For Metal Temperatures Above
2.5 180°F
10.0 175°F
20.0 160°F
30.0 140°F
40.0 125°F
50.0 118°F
COMMENTARY: The threshold temperatures for the intermediate
concentrations of NaOH can be found by interpolating. The
potential of heat traced piping/equipment being overheated
during heating to keep the caustic in solution should be
taken into account. Steaming out equipment and piping in
caustic service may also cause cracking. In these cases, PWHT
should be considered.
5. For all carbon steel equipment and piping that is in
contact with anhydrous liquefied ammonia. This requirement
shall not apply to ammonia water solutions or gaseous
ammonia.
6. Piping made from stabilized austenitic stainless steel
(e.g., 321, 347 SS), designed to operate above 700°F and
welded with fewer than three passes shall be subjected to
PWHT at 1600°F to 1650°F for a minimum of 4 hours and
cooled in still air. If the pipe is welded with three
passes or more, no PWHT shall be required. No PWHT shall be
required for external seal, fillet, or socket welds.
ADD

13. NON DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION (NDE)

13.1 General
1. Nondestructive examination (NDE) procedures shall comply
with Section V of the ASME Code.
2. Amount of NDE shall comply with applicable code.
3. Specific NDE examinations, in addition to applicable code
requirements, shall be noted on Purchaser’s drawings,
specifications, or purchase orders.
4. NDE procedures shall be subject to Purchaser approval prior
to start of fabrication.
5. NDE shall be performed by Level II or III certified
personnel.
6. Evaluation of indications and their acceptance criteria for
pressure vessels and tanks shall comply with Section VIII,
Division 1 or 2, of ASME Code.
7. Visual examinations shall be subject to the following
requirement:
Cracks shall not be acceptable.

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DEC 01 WELDING AND POST WELD HEAT TREATING (API RP 582) GEMS G-7M7

13.2 Liquid Penetrant Examination

1. Entire surface of weld overlay shall be 100% liquid
penetrant tested after final PWHT.
2. Liquid penetrant examination of welds shall include a band
of base metal at least 1 inch wide on each side of weld.
13.3 Magnetic Particle Examination (MT)
1. Magnetic particle examination of welds shall include band
of base metal at least 1 inch wide on each side of weld.
2. Arc burns that occur during magnetic particle examination
shall be removed, and area shall be examined by magnetic
yoke method. Arc burns on heat treated equipment may
require additional PWHT, subject to Purchaser review and
approval.
3. For pressure vessel ferritic materials with a specified
minimum tensile strength of 80 ksi or greater, the
following shall be done:
a. For services described in Section 9.12, paragraphs 2.
through 5., 100% of welds and heat affected zones
(HAZ) shall be subjected to wet magnetic particle
examination. For other services, 10% of welds and
HAZ, including each WPS used in pressure vessel
fabrication, shall be tested by wet MT.
b. Examination shall be performed no sooner than 24
hours after welding is complete.
c. Indications that could be interpreted as cracks
during future inspections shall be removed.
d. As alternative to the 24 hour waiting period,
hydrogen outgassing treatment of weldments
immediately after welding (without preheat
interruption) at 600°F minimum temperature for 1 hour
per inch of thickness but not less than 2 hours can
be used.
e. The 24 hour waiting period may be waived for PWHT
pressure vessels, provided that magnetic particle
test is performed after PWHT.
13.4 Radiography
1. Spot radiography shall comply with Paragraph UW-52, Section
VIII, Division 1, of ASME Code.
2. Spots shall be selected such that examination is made of
welds representing each WPS used on each vessel. Each
welder’s work shall be represented. Additionally, each
circumferential and each longitudinal seam weld shall have
a minimum of one radiograph taken with a minimum of 6
inches of readable length.
3. If radiography detects an unacceptable weld increment, an
additional weld increment welded by the same welder or
operator with the same WPS shall be radiographed. Location
of additional weld increment to be radiographed shall be
subject to Purchaser approval.

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DEC 01 WELDING AND POST WELD HEAT TREATING (API RP 582) GEMS G-7M7

13.5 Ultrasonic Examination

1. Weld overlay shall be 100% examined by UT for bond
integrity before PWHT in accordance with ASME SA 578-S7.
2. After final PWHT, spot UT, such as four full
circumferential strips approximately 3 inches wide on each
cylindrical shell and one 3 inch strip across each head,
shall be performed on weld overlay.
13.6 Chemical Analyses
1. Welds on alloys P-4 and higher shall be chemically analyzed
by laboratory chemical analysis or by using portable
analyzer, such as Texas Nuclear or equal.
2. For pressure vessels, one chemical analysis shall be taken
for each WPS. At least one chemical analysis shall be taken
per each vessel.
3. For piping, one weld made with each WPS for each project
shall be chemically analyzed.
4. Location of welds to be chemically analyzed will be
determined by Purchaser.
5. For austenitic stainless steel welds, chemical analyses
shall determine the content of the following elements: C
(may require wet chemical analysis), Cr, Ni, and Mo. For
chemically stabilized grades of austenitic stainless steel
(347, 348, 309CB, 316CB, etc.), chemical analyses shall
also determine content of Cb(Nb) and Ti.
13.7 Determination of Ferrite Content for Austentic Stainless Steel
(300 Series)
1. Ferrite content shall be calculated for all welding
materials using Schaeffler diagram modified for manganese
and nitrogen.
2. Production welds and weld overlays shall be tested for
ferrite if they are heat treated or operate above 1000°F.
Ferrite content shall be measured with a ferritescope or
Severn gage at the following locations:
a. One location on each longitudinal seam weld.
b. Each junction of longitudinal and circumferential
seam welds.
c. Four locations on each circumferential seam weld at
approximately 90 degrees spacing.
d. Random 10% of nozzle welds.
e. Random 10% of piping welds.
f. On weld overlays at stress concentration areas (such
as nozzle to shell welds and shell to head weld).
3. Ferrite content shall be 5% to 10%.
4. Except if overlay is applied after PWHT, ferrite content
shall be determined before PWHT.

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