Curved Steel Composite I-Girder Bridge Design To CSA PDF

Contents
Step 1: Overview
Curved Steel Composite I-Girder Bridge Design
Step 2: Modeling Methodologies
Step 3: Composite Girder Design
Program Version 2017 v2.1
Revision Date April 24, 2017
http://en.midasuser.com Midas Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Step
01 Overview Steel Composite I-girder Design as per CSA-S6-14
Bridge Specifications
Overview
Bridge Type : 2-Span Steel Composite I girder curved bridge
This tutorial demonstrates the design
Number of main girders : 4, Steel Composite I girder
capabilities of midas Civil for a steel
Curvature radius : 52m
composite I girder curved bridge.
Skew : 0o (No skew) at start and 19.81o at end
Unbraced length : 5.9m
Unless otherwise specified, the
Longitudinal stiffener : No
considerations comply with CSA-S6-14.
Shear connector : Yes, Fu=410MPa, dia=16mm, Pitch = 0.3m
Transverse stiffener : Yes, Fy = 350MPa, pitch = 2.2m (Section 2-2)
CS Analysis : Yes
Time Dependent Material : Long-term modular ratio of 3n considered
through “Section Stiffness Scale Factor”.
Material Properties
Structural Steel
Web : CSA(S), 350G(H)
Flange : CSA(S), 350G(H)
Concrete
Pier & Pier Cap : fc’ = 30MPa, CSA(RC), C30
Deck : fc’ = 30MPa, CSA(RC), C30
Reinforcing Steel
Main Rebar: CSA(RC), 500R, Fy = 500Mpa

Step
Bridge Specifications
Image 1-1. 2 Span Ramp
Image 1-3. Curvature Radius
Girder No.
Image 1-2. 4 Steel Composite I Girders, Cross Frames & Bracings

Step
Cross Section Loads

Section 1-1 : Section in the mid-span D_Steel : Self weight of steel weight acting on the non-composite section
D_Conc : Self weight of concrete weight acting on the non-composite section
D_NC : Self weight of non-structural components acting on the long term

composite section
D_WS : Wearing surface load acting on the long term composite section
Section 2-2 : Section near support MVL : Traffic load acting on the short term composite section
Code: CSA-S6-14
No. of lanes : 2, wheel spacing = 1.8m
Vehicle load: CL-625 Truck, CL-625 Lane
Fatigue : Fatigue traffic load acting on the short term composite section
Code: CSA-S6-14
No. of lanes : 1, wheel spacing = 1.8m
Note: midas Civil provides an option to consider warping Vehicle load: CL-625 Truck
torsion of the section. It is recommended to use the option
for the curved bridge with open section.

Step
02 Modeling Methodologies Steel Composite I-girder Design as per CSA-S6-14
A. Sequential Analysis + Accurate time dependent material

2. Modeling Methodologies
This modeling methodology is helpful when you want to have the Construction Stages
along with accurate Time Dependent Material definition. The important steps for such
midas Civil provides three methods by
modeling method are mentioned below.
which the initial modelling can be done.
These methods are just to consider Go to Properties > Time Dependent Material > Creep/Shrinkage
different types of analysis cases. They
have no effect on the design Define the time dependent material properties for considering creep and shrinkage
methodology. Thus, through the construction stages.
irrespective of the method you choose,
Go to Load > Construction Stage > Define C.S. and Composite Section For C.S.
the design procedure followed by the
software will be same. Define the Construction stages and composite section for construction stage.
A. Sequential Analysis + Accurate Go to Analysis > Construction Stage Analysis Control
time dependent material
B. Sequential Analysis + Long-term Check the box for inclusion of Time Dependent Effects in the CS Analysis.
Define Erection Loads. All the load cases which are to be distinguished from Dead
Modular Ratio of 3n
Load for CS output can be specified here. Load factors for dead loads are different for
C. Composite Action w/o Sequential
different materials. Thus, create three erection load cases, i.e. one for concrete, one for
Analysis non-structural component and one for wearing surface. Refer to the image 2-1.
Note: Load cases to be used for erection load case are:

D_Conc: Dead load of concrete, load factor = 1.2
D_NS: Dead load of component, load factor = 1.2
D_WS: Wearing surface load, load factor = 1.5
Dead Load(CS) will be used for the dead load of steel whose load factor is 1.1.

Step
Go to Results > Load Combinations > Composite Steel Girder Design
You can manually add the load combinations or choose to auto-

generate the load combinations as per CSA-S6-14.
Note: Auto Generation of load combination does not differentiate

between dead load of steel and dead load of concrete. When you
choose to Auto-generate the load combination, the software uses the
load factor of 1.2 for both dead load of steel and concrete in the ULS
combinations. Thus, the load factor for dead load of steel, Dead
Load(CS) should be modified to 1.1 by the user. Refer to Image 2-2.
Image 2-1. Construction Stage Analysis Control
Note: Auto Generation of load combination does not differentiate
moving load case for fatigue. Thus, fatigue load combination should be
modified by the user so that the moving load case for fatigue can be
included in the load combination.
Note: Software distinguishes the pre-composite, short-term and long-

term loads from the construction stage definition.
Image 2-2. Load Combinations

Step
B. Sequential Analysis + Long-term Modular Ratio of 3n Note: Software distinguishes the pre-composite, short-term and
long-term loads from the construction stage definition. D_Steel
This modeling methodology is helpful when you want to have the and D_Conc activated before the composite action in the CS
Construction Stages analysis with time dependent effects use steel only section properties. D_NC and D_WS activated
considered only for composite section through the ratio of after the composite action in the CS use long-term composite
modulus of elasticity of steel and concrete. The important steps section properties. All the loads acting in Post-CS are
for such modeling method are mentioned below. considered as temporary loads and use short-term composite
section properties.
Go to Properties > Section Properties > Add > Composite
Section
Define the composite section and check the box for Multiple
Modulus of Elasticity.
Enter the long-term modular ratio (3n) i.e. Es/Ec for long term.
Refer to the image 2-3.
After you click OK for the composite section definition, the Image 2-3. Composite
software automatically generates Section Stiffness Scale Factors Section Data
in discrete boundary groups. These factors take into account the
varying section properties for the composite sections. Refer to
the image 2-4.
Go to Load > Construction Stage

Activate these boundary groups in their respective construction
stages. OR
Go to Load > Construction Stage > Composite section for Image 2-4. Section
Construction stage Manager
Click on Update Long Term. Doing so, all the effective width
scale factor boundary groups automatically get activated in
respective stages. Refer to the image 2-5. Image 2-5.
Composite
Section for CS
Note: Construction Stage Analysis Control and Load
Combination definition is same as the previous method.
Step
C. Composite Action w/o Sequential Analysis
This modeling methodology is helpful when you don’t have

Construction Stages defined. The long term effect
consideration in the section data using modular ratio is same
as that in methodology B. The important steps for such
modeling method are mentioned below.
Go to Load > Settlement/Misc. > Pre-composite Section
Select the static load cases which are to be considered before Image 2-6. Load Cases for
Pre Composite Section
composite action i.e. D_Steel and D_Conc. Refer to image 2-
6.
Go to Analysis > Boundary Change Assignment

Image 2-7. Boundary Change Assignment
Assign the boundary groups representing the section stiffness

scale factor, to the after composite static load cases i.e. D_NC
and D_WS. Refer to image 2-7.
Note: Modeling method B is demonstrated through this tutorial.
Note: All the static load cases selected in “Load Cases for Pre-
Composite Section” are considered as Dead(Before) and use
steel only section properties. Load cases assigned with section
stiffness scale factor boundary groups through Boundary
Change Assignment are considered as permanent loads and
use long-term composite section properties. All the remaining
static load cases are considered as temporary loads and use
short-term composite section properties.

Step
03 Composite Girder Design Steel Composite I-girder Design as per CSA-S6-14
Composite Design
Composite bridge is one where a reinforced concrete deck slab sits on top of steel I-beams, and acts compositely with
them in bending.
Preliminary sizing is part of the concept design, and is often based on crude estimations of load distribution, and
resulting bending moments and shear forces. However, for steel composite highway bridges, preliminary design
charts are available to facilitate far more accurate initial girder sizes.
Detailed design is effectively design verification to the CSA-S6-14, which is more of a checking process than original
creative design. Modelling and analysis is carried out for the selected structural arrangement for the various loading
conditions (including fatigue) taking full account of any curvature and skew. The adequacy of the main members
(composite beams, box girders etc.) is then checked in detail to ensure that they are adequate to carry the applied
moments and forces. Details such as shear connector and stiffener sizes, are chosen at this stage to suit the global
actions of the main members.
Design Steps:
A. Define Elastic Modulus Ratio

B. Define Section Stiffness Scale Factors
C. Input Span Information
D. Modify Construction Stage
E. Define Construction Stage Analysis Control
F. Generate Load Combinations
G. Input Design Information
H. View Design Results

Step
A. Elastic Modulus Ratio
You can manually define the effective width scale

factors to consider the long term effects like creep
and shrinkage for the composite sections or use
the Section Data Dialog Box to automatically
define the Section Stiffness Scale Factors to
consider the same. In this tutorial we will use
Section Data Dialog Box.
Material > Check

Material > Es/Ec (Creep) > 22.693
Note: Long term modular ratio; 3n = 3*7.564 =

22.693
Click Refer to image 3-1.
Repeat steps A and B for Section 2-2. Image 3-2. Section Properties Dialog Box
Click Refer to image 3-2.

Image 3-1. Section Data Dialog Box

Step
B. Define Section Stiffness Scale Factors

To check the Auto Generated Section Stiffness
Scale Factors,
Go to Properties > Section Manager >

Stiffness
Target Section & Element > Double Click on 1

: Section 1-1
Target Section & Element > Click on element
numbers to see the stiffness scale factors.
Refer to image 3-3.
Repeat the same for Section 2-2 to see the

stiffness scale factors for that section.
Note: These Stiffness Factors are

automatically added into boundary groups
which will be activated in post composite
Construction Stage to take into account the
long term effects. Image 3-3. Section Manager Dialog Box

Step
C. Input Span Information

Span information is required for the program to determine unbraced
length and find moment distributions to check lateral torsional buckling. In
this tutorial, the span information is assigned to girder 1 of span 1 and
span 2.
Go to Structure > Composite Bridge > Span Information
Girder Name > S1-G1

Assign Elements > Check
Assign Elements > Double-click on S1-G1 structure group
Assign Elements > Click
Assign Elements > Support > Click on the box for support and change the
support position from ‘None’ to ‘I’ and ‘J’ for Elements 40 (first element)
and 394 (last element) respectively.
Refer to image 3-4.
Girder Information > Click
Repeat the above steps for girder 1 of span 2 with the help of data below:
Girder Name > S2-G1; Assign Elements > Structure Group S2-G1
Image 3-4. Span Information Dialog Box

Step
C. Model View of Span Information
S1-G1
S2-G1
Image 3-5. Span Information

Step
D. Modify Construction Stage

Section Stiffness Scale Factors need to be activated in the
stage when the composite action begins. Composite action for
both the composite sections starts in Construction Stage 3.
Thus these stiffness scale factors should be activated in this
stage.
Image 3-6. Construction Stage Dialog Box
Go to Load > Construction Stage > Define C.S.
Construction Stage Dialog Box > Select CS3

Click in Construction Stage Dialog Box
Compose Construction Stage > Click
Group List > Select Creep 1 and Creep 2
Activation > Click Refer to image 3-7
Click
Click
Image 3-7. Compose Construction Stage Dialog Box

Step

Dead load of steel, concrete, non-structural components and wearing surface
have different load factors. Dead Load(CS) is used for the dead load of steel.
Thus, Dead load of concrete, non-structural components and wearing surface
should be separated from Dead Load(CS). This is done by defining D_Conc,
D_NS and D_WS as erection loads in the construction stage analysis control.
Go to Analysis > Construction Stage
Load case to be distinguished from Dead Load for C.S. Output > Click
Define Erection Load > Load Case Name > D_Conc
Define Erection Load > Load Type for Post CS > Dead Load
Define Erection Load > Assignment Load Cases > Select D_Conc > Click Image 3-8. Erection Load Definition for DC2
Refer to image 3-8.

Click
Define Erection Load > Load Case Name > D_NC
Define Erection Load > Load Type for Post CS > Dead Load of Component and
Attachment
Define Erection Load > Assignment Load Cases > Select D_NC > Click
Refer to image 3-9.
Click
Click
Image 3-9. Erection Load Definition for DW

Step
Define Erection Load > Load Case Name > D_WS
Define Erection Load > Load Type for Post CS > Dead Load of Wearing Surfaces
and Utilities
Define Erection Load > Assignment Load Cases > Select D_WS > Click
Refer to image 3-10.
Click
Click
Go to Analysis > Perform Analysis Image 3-10. Erection Load Definition for DC2

Step
In this tutorial we will Auto Generate Load Combinations for Composite Design as per
CSA-S6-14.
Go to Results > Load Combinations
Click
Click
Automatic Generation of Load Combinations > Design Code > CSA-S6-14

Automatic Generation of Load Combinations > Manipulations of CS Load Cases
> Select Refer to image 3-11
Click
You can view the Auto generated load combinations as in the image 3-12.
Image 3-11. Auto Generation Load Combinations

Dialog Box
Image 3-12. Auto Generated Load Combinations

Step
Auto Generation of load combination does not differentiate between dead load of steel
and dead load of concrete. When you choose to Auto-generate the load combination,
the software uses the load factor of 1.2 for both dead load of steel and concrete in the
ULS combinations. Thus, the load factor for dead load of steel or Dead Load(CS)
should be modified to 1.1 by the user.
Auto Generation of load combination does not differentiate moving load case for
fatigue. Thus, load combinations should be modified accordingly by the user.
We will use just one ULS, one SLS and one FLS load combination.
Delete scLCB2 through scLCB8, scLCB 10, scLCB 11. Refer to Image 3-13.
Change load factor for Dead Load(CS) to 1.1 for scLCB1. Refer to Image 3-14.
Click
Image 3-14. Change Load Factor
Image 3-13. Delete Load Combinations

Step
G. Input Design Information G. Input Design Information
Go to Design > Composite Design > Design Concrete Material Selection > Code > CSA(RC)
Parameters Concrete Material Selection > Grade > C30
Composite Steel Girder Design Parameters > Code > Reinforcement Selection > Code > CSA(RC)
CSA-S6-14 Reinforcement Selection > Grade of main Rebar > 500R
Composite Steel Girder Design Parameters
> Click Click in Modify Composite Material Window
Option For Construction Stage > Check Click Refer to image 3-16
Note: Material strength of structural steel does not vary

depending on thickness of steel.
Click Refer to image 3-15. Go to Design > Composite Design > Load
Combination Type
Go to Design > Composite Design > Design Software automatically classifies the auto generated load
Material combinations into ULS, SLS and FLS categories. Here,
you can choose the load combinations to be considered
Select the SRC material in the ‘Material List’. for Composite Design.
Steel Material Selection > Code > None
Steel Material Selection > Name: 350G(H) Click Refer to image 3-17
Steel Material Selection > Es: 200000MPa
Steel Material Selection > Fu: 690MPa
Steel Material Selection > Fy: 350MPa

Step
Image 3-17. Load Combination Type Dialog Box
Image 3-16. Composite Material Dialog Box
Image 3-15. Design Parameter Dialog Box

Step
Go to Design > Composite Design > Go to Design > Composite Design > Shear
Longitudinal Reinforcement Connector
In this tutorial, the longitudinal reinforcement will be provided Shear Connector > Category > D; Refer to image 3-19
in the negative flexure sections only i.e. Section 2-2. Shear Connector > Pitch > 300mm
Shear Connector > Height > 120mm
Target Section & Element > Select ‘2 : Section 2-2’; Refer Shear Connector > Dia > 16mm
to image 3-18 Shear Connector > Fu > 410MPa
Shear Connector > Transverse Spacing > 200mm
Longitudinal Reinforcement > Select Shear Connector > Num. of Shear Connectors > 2/row
Longitudinal Reinforcement > Select Shear Connector > Length between Max. Moment and
Starting Point (y,z) > 50, 2100 mm Zero Moment > 17776mm; Refer to image 3-20
End Point (y,z) > 2300, 2100 mm Select elements: 107to111 445to449
CTC > 200 mm Click
CTC Ref. > Start
Check Edge Bar Shear Connector > Length between Max. Moment and
Dia > 25M Zero Moment > 17333mm
Part > Part 2; Part 2 is the concrete deck and Part 1 is the Select elements: 98to106 436to444
steel girder Click
Click
Shear Connector > Length between Max. Moment and
Starting Point (y,z) > 50, 1990 mm Zero Moment > 13291mm
End Point (y,z) > 2300, 1990 mm Select elements: 44to52 386to394
Click Click
Click Shear Connector > Length between Max. Moment and
Click Zero Moment > 11815mm
Select elements: 40to43 382to385
Click

Step
Image 3-18. Longitudinal Reinforcement Dialog Box

Step
Span 2, G1 Span 1, G1
Image 3-20. Length between Max. Moment and Zero Moment
Image 3-19. Shear Connector Input Dialog

Step
Fig : Section 1-1 Model View
Fig : Section 2-2 Model View

Step
Go to Design > Composite Design > Transverse

Stiffener Click
Click
Target Section & Element > Select ‘1 : Section 1-1’; Click
Refer to image 3-21
Transverse Stiffener > Check

Transverse Stiffener > Click
Stiffener Type > Flat
Transverse Stiffener > Select
Transverse Stiffener > Fy > 350MPa
Transverse Stiffener > Pitch > 4400mm
Transverse Stiffener > B > 127mm
Transverse Stiffener > t > 16mm
Click
Click
Target Section & Element > Select ‘2 : Section 2-2’

Transverse Stiffener > Check
Transverse Stiffener > Click
Stiffener Type > Flat
Transverse Stiffener > Select
Transverse Stiffener > Fy > 350MPa
Transverse Stiffener > Pitch > 2200mm
Transverse Stiffener > B > 127mm
Transverse Stiffener > t > 16mm

Step
Image 3-21. Transverse Stiffener Dialog Box

Step
 Go to Design > Composite Design >

Fatigue Parameters
Select all the composite girders.
Fatigue Parameter > Weight of Truck(W) > 625000N

Fatigue Parameter > Design Life(y) > 75 years
Fatigue Parameter > Number of Stress Cycles(Nd)
Fatigue Parameter > Check
Fatigue Parameter > Select
Fatigue Parameter > Reduction Factor(p) > 0.85
Fatigue Parameter > Average Daily Truck Traffic >
Select elements > 49to52 98to101 391to394 436to439

Refer to Image 3-23.
Click
Fatigue Parameter > Select
Select elements > 1to3 10to17 23to30 36to48 53to56 64 65

68to71 79to81 83to86 94to96 102to111 119 343to345
352to358 365to372 378to390 395to398 406to411 419to425
433to435 440to450 Image 3-22. Fatigue Parameter Input Dialog

Step
Values of Nd
Span 2, G1 Span 1, G1
Image 3-23. Determination of Nd

Step

Go to Design > Composite Design > Design
Go to Design > Composite Design > Unbraced
Position
Length
Design positions are the locations at which the Composite
Lb, Unbraced length is used for Lateral Torsional Buckling
Design will be performed.
check in Composite Design.
Select S1-G1 and S2-G1 group from the Structure Group.
Laterally Unbraced Length is automatically determined
Check Position > I & J
using ‘Span Information’ and by assigning member type of
Click
all truss elements as ‘Brace’ using the Common Parameter
> Modify Member Type function. Refer to image 3-24.
Go to Design > Composite Design > Position for
Design Output
Go to Design > Composite Design >
Position for Design Output are the locations for which the
Curved Bridge Info.
detailed Design Report will be generated in Excel format.
This curved bridge information allows the software to
Select elements 385, 394.
consider the bridge as a curved bridge for Composite
Position > J
Design. Radius inputted here doesn’t affect the design
Click
forces (lateral moment) due to Curvature. Design forces
are solely calculated from the analysis results.
Select all the composite girders.

Check
Curved Bridge Info. > Girder Radius > 52000mm
Click

Step
Select all truss elements by

double-clicking Truss and
apply member type as ‘Brace’.
Unbraced length
Unbraced length
Unbraced length
Unbraced length
Image 3-24. Determination of unbraced length

Step
Go to Design > Composite Design > Design Tables

> Design Force/Moment
You can check the design forces used for Composite

Design in this table. Refer to image 3-25.
Go to Design > Composite Design > Design
Perform Composite Design.

“Composite steel girder design has been successfully
completed”; This message in the message window
indicates the completion of Composite Design.
Image 3-25. Design Force/Moment Table

Step
Fig : Design Positions Model View
Fig : Element 394; Section 2-2; Negative Flexure
Fig : Positions for Design Output Model View
Fig : Element 386; Section 1-1; Positive Flexure

Step
H. View Design Results
 Go to Design > Composite Design > Design

Results Table
Design Results Table has the following results in tabular

format:
Go to Design > Composite Design > Print Result
Print Result option generates a detailed design report for

the design positions which were selected in Positions for
Design Output. Detailed design report encompasses all the
relevant clauses from CSA-S6-14 and all the formulae used
for the Composite Design.
Note: In this tutorial, the results in the Design Results Table

and the Design Report will be discussed simultaneously.
Note: Any check which fails to satisfy the requisite condition
for Composite Design is in red and the CHECK is reported
to be NG(Not Good).

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Contents

Step 3: Composite Girder Design

Program Version 2017 v2.1

Revision Date April 24, 2017

http://en.midasuser.com Midas Information Technology Co., Ltd.

01 Overview Steel Composite I-girder Design as per CSA-S6-14

http://en.midasuser.com Midas Information Technology Co., Ltd.

01 Overview Steel Composite I-girder Design as per CSA-S6-14

Image 1-1. 2 Span Ramp

Image 1-3. Curvature Radius

Image 1-2. 4 Steel Composite I Girders, Cross Frames & Bracings

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01 Overview Steel Composite I-girder Design as per CSA-S6-14

Cross Section Loads

D_Conc : Self weight of concrete weight acting on the non-composite section

D_NC : Self weight of non-structural components acting on the long term

http://en.midasuser.com Midas Information Technology Co., Ltd.

02 Modeling Methodologies Steel Composite I-girder Design as per CSA-S6-14

A. Sequential Analysis + Accurate time dependent material

Note: Load cases to be used for erection load case are:

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02 Modeling Methodologies Steel Composite I-girder Design as per CSA-S6-14

You can manually add the load combinations or choose to auto-

Note: Auto Generation of load combination does not differentiate

Note: Software distinguishes the pre-composite, short-term and long-

Image 2-2. Load Combinations

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02 Modeling Methodologies Steel Composite I-girder Design as per CSA-S6-14

Go to Load > Construction Stage

02 Modeling Methodologies Steel Composite I-girder Design as per CSA-S6-14

C. Composite Action w/o Sequential Analysis

This modeling methodology is helpful when you don’t have

Go to Load > Settlement/Misc. > Pre-composite Section

Go to Analysis > Boundary Change Assignment

Assign the boundary groups representing the section stiffness

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03 Composite Girder Design Steel Composite I-girder Design as per CSA-S6-14

A. Define Elastic Modulus Ratio

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03 Composite Girder Design Steel Composite I-girder Design as per CSA-S6-14

A. Elastic Modulus Ratio

You can manually define the effective width scale

Material > Check

Note: Long term modular ratio; 3n = 3*7.564 =

Click Refer to image 3-1.

Click Refer to image 3-2.

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03 Composite Girder Design Steel Composite I-girder Design as per CSA-S6-14

B. Define Section Stiffness Scale Factors

Go to Properties > Section Manager >

Target Section & Element > Double Click on 1

Repeat the same for Section 2-2 to see the

Note: These Stiffness Factors are

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03 Composite Girder Design Steel Composite I-girder Design as per CSA-S6-14

C. Input Span Information

Go to Structure > Composite Bridge > Span Information

Girder Name > S1-G1

Girder Information > Click

Image 3-4. Span Information Dialog Box

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03 Composite Girder Design Steel Composite I-girder Design as per CSA-S6-14

C. Model View of Span Information