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https://opentextbc.ca/chemistry/chapter/introduction-14/

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H2 O(l)

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NH3 g + HCl g ⟶ NH4+ Cl− (s)
NH4+ Cl− (s) ⟶ NH4+ + Cl−

N2O4(g)
N2O4(g) →2 NO2(g) N2O4(g) ⇌2 NO2(g)

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𝑟𝑑 = 𝑟𝑖

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𝑎A + 𝑏B ⇌ 𝑐C + 𝑑D
• 𝐾′
[C]𝑐 [D]𝑑
𝐾′ =
[A]𝑎 [B]𝑏
• >

• <

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▪ 𝐾
𝐾

𝐾′

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𝑛
(𝐾′)𝑛

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𝐾′

H2 g + I2 g ⇌ 2HI g , 𝐾 ′ = 54.
𝐾′
1 1
HI g ⇌ H2 g + I2 g
2 2
2H2 g + 2I2 g ⇌ 4HI g

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𝐾′
2P g + 5Cl2 (g) ⇌ 2PCl5 (g)
2P g + 3Cl2 g ⇌ 2PCl3 g 𝐾1′
PCl3 g + Cl2 g ⇌ PCl5 g 𝐾2′

http://www.mediafire.com/folder/gm2a00h6ae77k/PAQ_Grupo_5

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∆𝑟 𝐺

∆𝑟 𝐺
∆𝑟 𝐺 = ∆𝑟 𝐻 − 𝑇∆𝑟 𝑆
• ∆𝑟 𝐺 <

∆𝑟 𝐺 = 0

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𝑎A + 𝑏B ⇌ 𝑐C + 𝑑D
∆r 𝐺 = 0

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∆r 𝐻

∆r 𝐻 0

∆r 𝐻 0 < 0
∆r 𝐻 0 > 0

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• ∆r 𝑆 > 0:
• ∆r 𝑆 < 0:

∆r 𝐺 = Δr 𝐻 − 𝑇Δr 𝑆
𝑐 𝑑
𝒜 C 𝒜D
∆r 𝐺 = Δr 𝐺 0 + 𝑅𝑇 ln
𝒜A𝑎 𝒜B𝑏

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𝑐 𝑑
𝒜C 𝒜D
𝑎 𝒜𝑏 ∆r 𝐺 = Δr 𝐺 0 + 𝑅𝑇 ln 𝑄
𝒜A B
Q
∆r 𝐺 = 0
0 = Δr 𝐺 0 + 𝑅𝑇 ln 𝐾,
Δr 𝐺 0 = −𝑅𝑇 ln 𝐾
𝐾 𝑄

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∆𝑟 𝐺 0
−
𝐾= 𝑒 𝑅𝑇
∆𝑟 𝐺 0
• Δ𝑟 𝐺
• Δ𝑟 𝐺

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𝒜C𝑐 𝒜D
𝑑
𝑄= 𝑎 𝑏
𝒜A 𝒜B
𝑄 𝐾

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BrO3− + 2Cr 3+ + 4H2 O ⇌ Br − + Cr2 O72− + 8H +

Br − Cr2 O72− H + 8
𝑄′ =
BrO3− Cr 3+ 2
E4, E5
•𝑄 = 𝐾
•𝑄 > 𝐾
•𝑄 < 𝐾

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H2 g + I2 g ⇌ HI g , ∆𝑟 𝐺 0 =
− 21.1 kJ/mol

𝐾 1.6 × 102

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N2 O4 g ⇌ NO2 g , ∆𝑟 𝐺 0 = 4.73 kJ/mol

∆𝑟 𝐺 ∆r 𝐺 = Δr 𝐺 0 + 𝑅𝑇 ln 𝑄

𝑄= ∆r 𝐺 = 8.96 kJ/mol 𝐾 =

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E6, E7 (Tarea)

∆r 𝐺 𝑄

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H2 g I2 g HI g
𝐾 = 46
HI HI
105 Pa = 100 kPa 𝑄 = 1

N2 g + H2 g ⇌ 2NH3 g 𝐾 =
−2
3.6 × 10 𝑃H2 =
22 kPa 𝑃N2 = 44 kPa 𝑃NH3 = 18 kPa
𝑄 = 6.9

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2NO g + O2 (g) ⇌ 2NO2 (g)

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𝑄 𝐾

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4NH3 g + 3O2 g ⇌ 2N2 g + 6H2 O(g)

N2
NH3

CO g + H2 g ⇌ CH3 OH g

H2
CH3 OH

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PCl5 ℃
PCl5 g ⇌ PCl3 g + Cl2 (g), 𝐾 = 78.3,

Cl2

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• ↑𝑃 ≡↓𝑉

• ↓𝑃 ≡↑𝑉

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∆𝑟 𝐺 0 = ∆𝑟 𝐻0 − 𝑇∆𝑟 𝑆 0 = −𝑅𝑇 ln 𝐾,
−∆ 𝐻 0 /𝑅𝑇 ∆ 𝑆 0 /𝑅
𝐾= 𝑒 𝑟 𝑒 𝑟
▪ ∆𝑟 𝐻 0 >
▪ ∆𝑟 𝐻0 <

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•
Energía + reactivos ⇌ productos
•
Reactivos ⇌ productos + energía

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𝐾2 ∆𝑟 𝐻0 1 1
ln = −
𝐾1 𝑅 𝑇1 𝑇2

N2 g + 3H2 g ⇌ 2NH3 g , 𝐾 = 6.8 × 105

∆𝑟 𝐻0 = −92.22 kJ/mol 𝐾

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Tabla 1 Efecto de la temperatura sobre un equilibrio químico

1 1 𝐾2
∆𝑟 𝐻 0 − ln
𝑇𝟏 𝑇2 𝐾1

𝑇2 > 𝑇1 (−)
(+) 𝐾2 < 𝐾1
(−)
𝑇2 < 𝑇1 (+)
(−) 𝐾2 > 𝐾1
𝑇2 > 𝑇1 (+)
(+) 𝐾2 > 𝐾1
(+)
𝑇2 < 𝑇1 (−)
(−) 𝐾2 < 𝐾1

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• H+

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+ −
H3 O CH3 CO2
𝐾a′ = = 1.8 × 10−5
CH3 CO2 H

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+ −
NH4 OH
𝐾b′ = = 1.74 × 10−5
NH3

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+ Ca2+ ⇌

CaEDTA2−
𝐾′f = 2+
= 1010.65 = 4.5 × 1010
Ca EDTA
https://res.mdpi.com/

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CaF2 s ⇌ Ca2+ ac + 2 F − (ac)

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KCl s ⇌ K + + Cl− ⇌ (K + ⋅ Cl− )

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𝑒−
Zn s + 2Ag + ⇌ 2Ag s + Zn2+
Fe2+ + Ce4+ ⇌ Ce3+ + Fe3+
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