ESSENTIALISM and PERENNIALISM

• Contemporary
educational
• Traditional philosophies
educational • Educational value
philosophies is changeable
• Educational value they deal • Educational
is fixed, absolute with the process focuses
• Educational student on self-active
process focuses and learning
on teaching teacher.  • Teacher facilitate,
• Teacher coaches students
dominates • Students engages
instruction discoverer,
• Students receive construct
knowledge knowledge

ESSENTIALISM PERENNIALISM

•  focuses on the
experiences of the
individual
• helps learners
• based on the belief that
focus on the
desirable human
meaning of their
behavior can be the
•learning,
product
their life,
ofTraditional
design, not
their truth
accident mind-body
• emphasizes
problem
• determined by forces in
creative choice,
our environment that
the subjectivity of
shape our behavior
human experience,
• learning conforms to a
and concrete acts
basic stimulus-response
of human
model (operant
existence
conditioning)
• schools must allow
students freedom