Title One ARTICLE 118 - Inciting to war or giving motives for reprisals.

CRIMES AGAINST NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE LAW OF NATIONS Elements

1. The offender performs unlawful or unauthorized acts
ARTICLE 114 - Treason 2. Such acts:
Elements a. Provokes or gives occasion for a war involving or liable to involve the PH or
1. Offender is a Filipino citizen or an alien residing in the PH b. Expose Filipino citizens to reprisals on their persons or property.
2. There is a war in which the PH is involved
3. The offender either ARTICLE 119 - Violation of neutrality
a. Levies war against the government or Elements
b. Adheres to the enemies giving them aid or comfort 1. There is a war in which the PH is NOT involved
2. There is a regulation issued by competent authority for the purpose of enforcing neutrality
Two modes of committing treason 3. The offender violates such regulation
1. LEVYING WAR AGAINST GOVERNMENT
Requisites ARTICLE 120 - Correspondence with hostile country.
(1) That there be an actual assembling of men Elements
(2) For the purpose of executing a treasonable design by force. 1. It is in time of war in which the PH is involved
2. The offender makes correspondence with an enemy country or a territory occupied by enemy troops
2. ADHERING TO ENEMIES and GIVING AID/ COMFORT 3. The correspondence is either
Requisites a. Prohibited by the government
(1) Adherence to the enemy and b. Carried in ciphers or conventional signs
(2) rendering him aid and comfort c. Containing notice or information which might be useful to the enemy

ARTICLE 121 - Flight to enemy country.

ARTICLE 115 - Conspiracy and proposal to commit treason; Penalty. Elements
CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT TREASON 1. There is a war in which the PH is involved
This is committed when in time of war, two or more persons come to an agreement to levy war against 2. The offender must be owing allegiance to the Government
the Government or to adhere to the enemies and to give them aid or comfort, and decide to commit it. 3. The offender attempts to flee or go to enemy country
4. The going to enemy country is prohibited by competent authority
PROPOSAL TO COMMIT TREASON
This is committed when in time of war a person who has decided to levy war against the Government or
to adhere to the enemies and to give them aid or comfort, proposes its execution to some other person or ARTICLE 122 - Piracy in general and mutiny on the high seas.
persons 1. Piracy
TWO WAYS OF COMMITTING PIRACY
1. Attacking or seizing a vessel on the high seas or in PH waters
ARTICLE 116 - Misprision of treason. 2. Seizing the whole or part of the vessel’s cargo, its equipment or personal belongings of its
Elements complement or passengers.
1. The offender must be owing allegiance to the Government and not a foreigner the accused. Elements
2. He has knowledge of any conspiracy to commit treason against the Government. 1. A vessel is on the high seas or PH waters
3. He conceals or does not disclose and make known the same as soon as possible to the: 2. The offenders are not members of its complements or passengers of the vessel
a. Governor or fiscal of the province in which he resides 3. The offender does the acts enumerated above.
b. Mayor or fiscal of the city in which he resides
2. Mutiny
The unlawful resistance to a superior officer, or the raising of commotions and disturbances on
ARTICLE 117 - Espionage. board a ship against the authority of its commander.
Paragraph 1 • Mutiny is usually committed by the other members of the complement and may be
ENTERING a warship, fort, or naval or military establishment or reservation to OBTAIN any information, committed by the passengers of the vessel.
plans, photographs, or other data of a confidential nature relative to the defense of the Philippine
Archipelago. ARTICLE 123 - Qualified piracy.
Elements The penalty of reclusion temporal to death shall be imposed upon those who commit any of the crimes
1. The offender enters any of the places mentioned therein. referred to in the preceding article, under any of the following circumstances:
2. He has no authority therefor 1. Whenever they have seized a vessel by BOARDING or FIRING upon the same;
3. The purpose is to obtain information, plans, photographs, or other data of a confidential nature 2. Whenever the pirates have ABANDONED their victims without means of saving themselves; or
relative to the defense of the PH. 3. Whenever the crime is accompanied by MURDER, HOMICIDE, PHYSICAL INJURIES or
RAPE. (As amended by RA 7659)
Paragraph 2
Being in POSSESSION, by reason of the public office he holds, of the articles, data, or information
referred to in the preceding paragraph, DISCLOSES their contents to a representative of a foreign nation.
Elements
1. The offender is a public officer
2. He has in his possession the articles, data, or information referred to in paragraph 1, by reason
of the public office he holds.
3. He discloses their contents to a representative of a foreign nation
 Elements
Title Two 1. Offender is a public officer or employee
CRIMES AGAINST THE FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF THE STATE 2. He is not authorized by judicial order to enter the dwelling and/or to make a search therein for
They are called crimes against the fundamental laws of the State because they violate certain provisions papers or other effects
of the Bill of Rights. 3. He does any of the acts enumerated above

Section One
Arbitrary detention and expulsion ARTICLE 129 - Search warrants maliciously obtained and abuse in the service of those legally obtained.
ACTS PUNISHABLE
ARTICLE 124 - Arbitrary detention. 1. Procuring a search warrant without just cause.
Elements Elements
1. The offender is a public officer or employee. 1. Offender is a public officer or employee
2. He detains a person. 2. He procures a search warrant
3. The detention is without legal grounds. 3. There is no just cause

2. Exceeding his authority or using unnecessary severity in executing a search warrant legally procured.
ARTICLE 125 - Delay in the delivery of detained persons to the proper judicial authorities. Elements
Elements 1. Offender is a public officer or employee
1. The offender is a public officer or employee 2. He has legally procured a search warrant
2. That he has detained a person for some legal ground 3. He exceeds his authority o uses unnecessary severity in executing the same
3. That he fails to deliver such person to the proper judicial authorities within:
a. 12 hours for crimes or offenses punishable by light penalties or their equivalent
b. 18 hours for crimes or offenses punishable by correctional penalties or their equivalent ARTICLE 130 - Searching domicile without witnesses
c. 36 hours for crimes or offenses punishable by afflictive penalties or capital penalties or Elements
their equivalent 1. Offender is a public officer or employee
2. He is armed with a search warrant legally procured
3. He searches the domicile, papers, or other belongings of any person
ARTICLE 126 - Delaying release 4. The owner, or any member of his family, or 2 witnesses residing in the same locality are not present
ACTS PUNISHABLE
1. Delaying the performance of a judicial or executive order for the release of a prisoner
2. Unduly delaying the service of the notice of such order to said prisoner
3. Unduly delaying the proceedings upon any petition for the liberation of such person. Section Three
Prohibition, interruption and dissolution of peaceful meetings
Elements
1. Offender is a public officer or employee ARTICLE 131 - Prohibition, interruption and dissolution of peaceful meetings
2. There is a judicial or executive order for the release or a prisoner or detention prisoner, or that ACTS PUNISHABLE
there is a proceeding upon a petition for the liberation of such person. 1. Prohibiting or interrupting, without legal ground, the holding of a peaceful meeting, or by
3. Without good reason, the offender delays. dissolving the same.
*Wardens and jailers are the public officers most likely to violate Article 126. 2. Hindering any person from joining any lawful association or from attending any of its meetings.
3. Prohibiting or hindering any person from addressing, either alone or together with others, any
petition to the authorities for the correction of abuses or redress of grievances.
ARTICLE 127 - Expulsion.
ACTS PUNISHABLE Elements
1. Expelling a person from the PH 1. Offender is a public officer or employee
2. Compelling a person to change his residence 2. He performs any of the acts enumerated above

Elements
1. Offender is a public officer or employee Section Four.
2. He expels any person from the PH or compels him to change his residence Crimes against religious worship
3. The offender is not authorized to do so by law.
*Only a court by final judgment can order a person to change his residence. ARTICLE 132 - Interruption of religious worship.
Elements
1. Offender is a public officer or employee
2. Religious ceremonies or manifestations of any religion are about to take place or are going on
Section Two 3. The offender prevents or disturbs the same
Violation of domicile *Violence and threats qualify the offense.

ARTICLE 128 - Violation of domicile. ARTICLE 133 - Offending the religious feelings.
ACTS PUNISHABLE Elements
1. Entering any dwelling against the will of the owner 1. The acts were performed:
2. Searching papers or other effects found therein without the previous consent of such owner a. In a place devoted to religious worship
3. Refusing to leave the premises, after having surreptitiously entered said dwelling and after b. During the celebration of any religious ceremony
having been required to leave same. 2. The acts must be notoriously offensive to the feelings of the faithful
 Title Three a. To prevent the promulgation or execution of any law or the holding of any popular election;
CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC ORDER b. To prevent the National Government, or any provincial or municipal government or any public
officer thereof from freely exercising its or his functions, or prevent the execution of any
Chapter One administrative order;
REBELLION, SEDITION AND DISLOYALTY c. To inflict any act of hate or revenge upon the person or property of any public officer or
employee;
ARTICLE 134 - Rebellion or insurrection; How committed. d. To commit, for any political or social end, any act of hate or revenge against private persons or
Elements any social class; and
1. That there be a public uprising and taking arms against the government e. To despoil, for any political or social end, any person, municipality or province, or the National
2. The purpose of the uprising or movement is either: Government (or the Government of the United States), of all its property or any part thereof.
a. To remove from the allegiance to said
i. the territory of the Philippine Islands or any part thereof, or
ii. any body of land, naval or armed forces ARTICLE 140 - Penalty for sedition
b. To deprive the Chief Executive or the Legislature, wholly or partially, of any of their powers or PERSONS LIABLE FOR SEDITION
prerogatives 1. Leader of the sedition
2. Other persons participating in the sedition

ARTICLE 134-A - Coup d'etat; How committed.

Elements ARTICLE 141 - Conspiracy to commit sedition.
1. That the offender is a person or persons belonging to the military or police or holding any public office
of employment
2. That it is committed by means of a swift attack accompanied by violence, intimidation, threat, strategy ARTICLE 142 - Inciting to sedition
or stealth #1. INCITING TO SEDITION TO ACCOMPLISH ANY OF ITS OBJECTS
3. That the attack is directed against duly constituted authorities of the Republic of the Philippines, or any Elements
military 1. The offender does not take direct part in the crime of sedition
camp or installation, communications network, public utilities or other facilities needed for the exercise 2. He incites others to the accomplishment of any of the acts which constitute sedition
and continued possession of power 3. The inciting is done by means of speeches, proclamations, writings, emblems, cartoons,
4. That the purpose of the attack is to seize or diminish state power. banners, or other representations tending to the same end.

#2 & #3. UTTERING SEDITIOUS WORDS OR SPEECHES AND WRITING, PUBLISHING OR

ARTICLE 135 - Penalty for rebellion, insurrection or coup d'etat CIRCULATING SCURRILOUS LIBELS
PERSONS LIABLE These acts are punishable when:
1. The leaders 1. They tend to disturb or obstruct any lawful officer in executing the functions of his office
a. Any person who promotes, maintains or heads a rebellion or insurrection 2. They tend to instigate others to cabal and meet together for unlawful purposes
b. Any person who leads, directs, or commands others to undertake a coup. 3. They suggest or incite rebellious conspiracies or riots
Note: When the rebellion, insurrection, or coup d'etat shall be under the command of unknown leaders, 4. They lead or tend to stir up the people against the lawful authorities or to disturb the
any person who in fact directed the others, spoke for them, signed receipts and other documents issued peace of the community, the safety and order of the Government.
in their name, as performed similar acts, on behalf or the rebels shall be deemed a leader of such a
rebellion, insurrection, or coup d'etat. #4. KNOWINGLY CONCEALING SUCH EVIL PRACTICES
• This is one of the ways of violating Article 142.
2. The participants • Knowingly concealing such evil practices is ordinarily an act of an accessory, but under
a. Any person who participates or executes the commands of others in rebellion or insurrection this provision, the act is treated and punished as that of a principal.
b. Any person in the government service who participates or executes the commands of others in
a coup
c. Any person not in the government service who participates, supports, finances, abets, or aids in Chapter Two
undertaking a coup. CRIMES AGAINST POPULAR REPRESENTATION

Section One
ARTICLE 136 - Conspiracy and proposal to commit coup d'etat, rebellion or insurrection Crimes against legislative bodies and similar bodies
ARTICLE 137 - Disloyalty of public officers or employees. ARTICLE 143 - Act tending to prevent the meeting of the Assembly and similar bodies.
Elements
1. There is a projected or actual meeting of the National Assembly or any of its committees or
ARTICLE 138 - Inciting a rebellion or insurrection. subcommittees, constitutional committees or divisions thereof, or of any provincial board or city or
Elements municipal council or board
1. That the offender does not take arms or is not in open hostility against the Government 2. The offender, who is any person, PREVENTS such meeting by force or fraud.
2. That he incites others to the execution of any of the acts of rebellion
3. That the inciting is done by means of speeches, proclamations, writings, emblems, banners or other ARTICLE 144 - Disturbance of proceedings
representations tending to the same end Elements
1. There is a meeting of the National Assembly or any of its committees or subcommittees, constitutional
committees or divisions thereof, or of any provincial board or city or municipal council or board
ARTICLE 139 - Sedition; How committed 2. The offender does any of the following acts:
Elements a. He disturbs any of such meetings
1. That the offenders rise publicly and tumultuously b. He behaves, while in the presence of any such bodies, in such a manner as to interrupt its
2. That they employ force, intimidation, or other means outside of legal methods proceedings or to impair the respect due it.
3. That the offenders employ any of those means to attain any of the following objects:
 Without a public uprising, by attacking, by employing force, or by seriously intimidating or
Section Two seriously resisting any person in authority or any of his agents, while engaged in the performance
Violation of parliamentary immunity of official duties, or on occasion of such performance.
Elements
ARTICLE 145 - Violation of parliamentary immunity 1. The offender makes an attack, employs force, makes a serious intimidation, or makes a
Using FORCE, INTIMIDATION, THREATS, or FRAUD to prevent any member of the National Assembly serious resistance
(Congress of the Philippines) from attending the meetings of the Assembly (Congress) or of any of its 2. The person assaulted is a person in authority or his agent.
committees or subcommittees, constitutional commissions or committees or divisions thereof, 3. At the time of the assault the person in authority or his agent is engaged in the actual
from expressing his opinions or casting his vote. performance of official duties or that he is assaulted by reason of the past performance of
Elements official duties.
1. Offender uses force, intimidation, threats or fraud 4. The offender knows that the one he is assaulting is a person in authority or his agent in
2. The purpose of the offender is to prevent any member of the National Assembly from: the exercise of his duties.
a. Attending the meetings 5. There is no pubic uprising.
b. Expressing his opinions
c. Casting his vote
ARTICLE 149 - Indirect assaults.
Arresting or searching any member thereof while the National Assembly is in regular or special session, Elements
except in case such member has committed a crime punishable under the Code by a penalty higher than 1. A person in authority or his agent is the victim of any of the forms of direct assault defined in
prision mayor. Article 148
Elements 2. A person comes to the aid of such authority or his agent
1. Offender is a public officer or employee 3. Offender makes use of force or intimidation upon such person coming to the aid of the authority
2. He arrests or searches any member of the National Assembly or his agent.
3. The Assembly, at the time of arrest or search, is in regular or special session
4. The member arrested or searched has not committed a crime punishable under the Code by a
penalty higher than prision mayor. ARTICLE 150 - Disobedience to summons issued by the National Assembly, its committees or
subcommittees, by the Constitutional Commissions, its committees, subcommittees or divisions.
ACTS PUNISHED
1. Refusing, without legal excuse, to obey summons of the Congress, its special or standing
committees and subcommittees, the Constitutional Commissions and its committees,
Chapter Three subcommittees or divisions, or by any commission or committee chairman or member authorized
ILLEGAL ASSEMBLIES AND ASSOCIATIONS to summon witnesses.
2. Refusing to be sworn or placed under affirmation while being before such legislative or
ARTICLE 146 - Illegal assemblies. constitutional body or official
Any meeting attended by armed persons for the purpose of committing any of the crimes punishable 3. Refusing to answer any legal inquiry or to produce any books, papers, documents or records in
under the Code. his possession, when required by them to do so in the exercise of their functions
Elements 4. Restraining another from attending as a witness in such legislative or constitutional body
1. That there is a meeting, a gathering or group of persons, whether in a fixed place or moving 5. Inducing disobedience to a summons or refusal to be sworn by any such body or official.
2. The meeting is attended by armed persons
3. The purpose of the meeting is to commit any of the crimes punishable under the code
ARTICLE 151 - Resistance and disobedience to a person in authority or the agents of such person.
Any meeting in which the audience, whether armed or not, is incited to the commission of the crime of Paragraph 1 Elements
treason, rebellion or insurrection, sedition, or assault upon a person in authority or his agents. 1. A person in authority or his agent is engaged in the performance of official duty or gives a lawful
Elements order to the offender
1. That there is a meeting, a gathering or group of persons, whether in a fixed place or moving 2. Offender resists or seriously disobeys such person in authority or his agent
2. The audience, whether armed or not, is incited to the commission of the crime of treason, rebellion or 3. The act of the offender is not included in the provision of Articles 148, 149, and 150.
insurrection, sedition or direct assault.
Paragraph 2 Elements
ARTICLE 147 - Illegal associations. 1. An agent of a person in authority is engaged in the performance of official duty or gives a lawful
order to the offender
2. Offender disobeys such agent
Chapter Four 3. The disobedience is not of a serious in nature
ASSAULT UPON, AND RESISTANCE AND DISOBEDIENCE TO, PERSONS IN AUTHORITY AND
THEIR AGENTS ARTICLE 152 - Persons in authority and agents of persons in authority; Who shall be deemed as such

ARTICLE 148 - Direct assaults.

WAYS OF COMMITTING DIRECT ASSAULT Chapter Five
Without a public uprising, by employing force or intimidation for the attainment of any of the PUBLIC DISORDERS
purpose enumerated in defining the crimes of rebellion and sedition.
Elements ARTICLE 153 - Tumults and other disturbance of public orders; Tumultuous disturbance or interruption
1. Offender employs force or intimidation liable to cause disturbance.
2. The aim of the offender is to attain any of the purposes of the crime of REBELLION or TUMULTS AND OTHER DISTURBANCES OF PUBLIC ORDER
any of the objects in the crime of SEDITION 1. Causing any SERIOUS DISTURBANCE in a public place, office, or establishment,
3. There is no public uprising 2. INTERRUPTING or DISTURBING public performances, functions or gatherings, or
peaceful meetings, if the act is not included in the provisions of Articles 131 and 132
3. Making any OUTCRY tending to incite rebellion or sedition
 4. DISPLAYING PLACARDS OR EMBLEMS which provoke a disturbance of the public ARTICLE 158 - Evasion of service of sentence on the occasion of disorder, conflagrations, earthquakes,
order. or other calamities.
5. BURY WITH POMP the body of a person who has been legally executed. Elements
1. Offender is a convict by final judgment, who is confined in a penal institution,
2. There is a disorder resulting from:
ARTICLE 154 - Unlawful use of means of publication and unlawful utterances. a. Conflagration
The penalty of arresto mayor and a fine ranging from P200 to P1,000 pesos shall be imposed b. Earthquake
upon: c. Explosion
1. Any person who by means of printing, lithography, or d. Similar catastrophe
e. Mutiny in which he has participated
any other means of publication shall publish or cause to be published as news any false
news which may endanger the public order, or cause damage to the interest or credit of 3. The offender evades the service of his sentence by leaving the penal institution where he is
the State; confined, on the occasion of such disorder or during the mutiny
4. The offender fails to give himself up to the authorities within 48 hours following the issuance of
2. Any person who by the same means, or by words, utterances or speeches shall a proclamation by the Chief Executive announcing the passing away of such calamity.
encourage disobedience to the law or to the constituted authorities or praise, justify, or
extol any act punished by law;
ARTICLE 159 - Other cases of evasion of service of sentence.
3. Any person who shall maliciously publish or cause to be published any official resolution Elements
or document without proper authority, or before they have been published officially; or 1. The offender was a convict
2. He was granted conditional pardon by the Chief Code, the president has the specific power to
4. Any person who shall print, publish, or distribute or cause to be printed, published, or authorize the arrest and reincarceration of any convicted person Executive granted pardon or
distributed books, pamphlets, periodicals, or leaflets which do not bear the real printer's parole hwo, in his judgment, shall
name, or which are classified as anonymous. 3. He violated any of the conditions of such pardon.

ARTICLE 155 - Alarms and scandals Chapter Seven

The penalty of arresto menor or a fine not exceeding P200 pesos shall be imposed upon: COMMISSION OF ANOTHER CRIME DURING SERVICE OF PENALTY IMPOSED FOR ANOTHER
1. Any person who within any town or public place, shall discharge any firearm, rocket, PREVIOUS OFFENSE
firecracker, or other explosives calculated to cause alarm or danger;

2. Any person who shall instigate or take an active part in any charivari or other disorderly
meeting offensive to another or prejudicial to public tranquility;
3. Any person who, while wandering about at night or while engaged in any other
nocturnal amusements, shall disturb the public peace; or
ARTICLE 160 - Commission of another crime during service of penalty imposed for another offense; Penalty.
Elements
1. The offender was already convicted by final judgment
2. He committed a new felony before beginning to serve such sentence or while serving the same

4. Any person who, while intoxicated or otherwise, shall cause any disturbance or scandal
in public places, provided that the circumstances of the case shall not make the provisions
of Article 153 applicable.

ARTICLE 156 - Delivery of prisoners from jails.

Elements
1. There is a person confined in a jail or penal establishment
2. The offender removes therefrom such person, or helps the escape of such person

Chapter Six
EVASION OF SERVICE OF SENTENCE

ARTICLE 157 - Evasion of service of sentence.

Elements
1. Offender is convicted by final judgment
2. He is serving his sentence which consists in deprivation of liberty
3. He evades the service of his sentence by escaping during the term of his sentence

CIRCUMSTANCE QUALIFYING THE OFFENSE

If the evasion or escape takes place-
1. By means of unlawful entry (scaling or climbing)
2. Breaking doors, windows, gates, walls, roofs, or floors
3. By using picklocks, false keys, disguise, deceit, violence or intimidation
4. Through connivance with other convicts or employees of the penal institution.
 Title Four 2. Making a false affidavit
CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC INTEREST Note that falsely testifying under oath should not be in a judicial proceeding.

Chapter Two Elements

OTHER FALSITIES 1. The accused made a statement under oath or executed an affidavit upon a material matter
2. The statement or affidavit was made before a competent officer, authorized to receive and
ARTICLE 177 - Usurpation of authority or official functions administer oath.
2 CRIMES IN THIS PROVISION 3. In the statement or affidavit, the accused made a willful and deliberate assertion of falsehood
1. Usurpation of authority 4. The sworn statement or affidavit containing the falsity is required by law.
Knowingly and falsely REPRESENTING himself to be an officer, agent or representative of any
department or agency of the Philippine Government or of any foreign government
2. Usurpation of official functions ARTICLE 184 - Offering false testimony in evidence
PERFORMING any act pertaining to any person in authority or public officer of the Philippine Elements
Government or any foreign government, or any agency thereof, without being lawfully entitled to 1. The offender offered in evidence a false witness or false testimony
do so 2. That he knew the witness or the testimony was false
3. The offer was made in a judicial or official proceeding
ARTICLE 178 - Using fictitious name and concealing true name
2 CRIMES IN THIS PROVISION
1. Using fictitious name Chapter Three
Elements FRAUDS
1. The offender uses a name other than his real name
2. He does so publicly ARTICLE 185 - Machinations in public auctions
3. The purpose is: ACTS PUNISHED UNDER THE PROVISION
a. To conceal a crime 1. Soliciting any gift or promise as a consideration for refraining from taking part in any public
b. To evade the execution of a judgment auction.
c. To cause damage to public interest Elements
2. Concealing true name and other circumstances 1. There be a public auction
Elements 2. That the accused solicited any gift or a promise from any of the bidders
1. The true offender conceals: 3. That such gift or promise was the consideration for his refraining from taking part in the
a. His true name public auction.
b. All other personal circumstances 4. That the accused has the intent to cause the reduction of the price of the thing
2. The purpose is only to conceal his identity auctioned.

ARTICLE 179 - Illegal use of uniforms or insignia 2. Attempting to cause bidders to stay away from an auction by threats, gifts, promises, or any
Elements other artifice.
1. The offender makes use of insignia, uniform, or dress Elements
2. Such insignia, uniform or dress pertains to: 1. There be a public auction
a. An office not held by the offender, or 2. That the accused attempted to cause the bidders to stay away from that public auction.
b. A class of persons of which he is not a member 3. That it was done by threats, gifts, or promises or any other artifice
3. The use is made publicly and improperly 4. That the accused has the intent to cause the reduction of the price of the thing
auctioned.

ARTICLE 180 - False testimony against a defendant. ARTICLE 186 - Monopolies and combinations in restraint of trade
Elements This has been repealed by RA No. 10667 or the Philippine Competition Act.
1. That there be a criminal proceeding
2. The offender testifies falsely under oath against the defendant therein
3. The offender who gives false testimony knows that it is false. ARTICLE 187 - Importation and disposition of falsely marked articles or. merchandise made of gold,
4. That the defendant against whom the false testimony is given is either acquitted or convicted in a final silver, or other precious metals or their alloys
judgment. ARTICLES OR MERCHANDISE INVOLVED
Those made of:
1. Gold
ARTICLE 181 - False testimony favorable to the defendants. 2. Silver
3. Other precious metals
ARTICLE 182 - False testimony in civil cases. 4. Their alloys
Elements
1. The testimony must be given in a civil case Elements
2. The testimony must relate to the issues presented in the said case 1. The offender imports, sells, or disposes of any of the articles or merchandise above
3. The testimony must be false 2. The stamps, brands, or marks of those articles or merchandise fail to indicate the actual
4. The false testimony must be given by the defendant knowing the same to be false fineness or quality of said metals or alloys
5. The testimony must be malicious and given with the intent to affect the issues presented in said case 3. The offender knows that the stamps, brands, or marks fail to indicate the actual fineness or
quality of said metals or alloys

ARTICLE 183 - False testimony in other cases and perjury in solemn affirmation.
TWO WAYS OF COMMITTING PERJURY RA 8293, otherwise known as the Intellectual Property Code of the PH, repealed Articles 188 and 189 of
1. Falsely testifying under oath the RPC which are inconsistent therewith.
 Title Four
CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC INTEREST

Chapter One ARTICLE 167 - Counterfeiting, importing and uttering instruments not payable to bearer.
FORGERIES This article covers instruments and other documents of credit issued by a foreign bank or government,
the law not specifying the country or government issuing them.
Section One Elements
Forging the seal of the Government of the Philippine Islands, 1. That there be an instrument payable to order or other
the signature or stamp of the Chief Executive. 2. That it be forged, imported or uttered.
3. That in case of uttering, he connived with the forger or importer.
ARTICLE 161 - Counterfeiting the great seal of the Government of the Philippine Islands, forging the signature or *But when the utterer is the forger, connivance is not required.
stamp of the Chief. Executive.
ACTS PUNISHED
1. Forging the Great Seal of the PH government ARTICLE 168 - Illegal possession and use of false treasury or bank notes and other instruments of credit.
2. Forging the signature of the President Elements
3. Forging the stamp of the President 1. That there be a treasury or bank note or certificate or other obligation and security payable to bearer, or
any instrument payable to order or other document of credit not payable to bearer, which is forged or
falsified by another person.
ARTICLE 162 - Using forged signature or counterfeit seal or stamp 2. The offender knows that any of those instruments as
Elements 3. That he performs any of these acts-
1. The Great Seal of the Republic was counterfeited, or the signature or stamp of the Chief executive was a. Use any of such forged or falsified instruments
forged by another person. b. Possess with intent to use any of such forged or falsified instruments.
2. The offender knew of the counterfeiting or forgery.
3. The offender used the counterfeit seal or forged signature or stamp. ARTICLE 169 - How forgery is committed.
The FORGERY referred to in this section may be committed by any of the following means:
1. By giving to a treasury or bank note or any instrument, payable to bearer or order mentioned
ARTICLE 163 - Making and importing and uttering false coins. therein, the appearance of a true genuine document.
Elements 2. By erasing, substituting, counterfeiting or altering by any means the figures, letters, words or
1. There are false or counterfeited coins signs contained therein.
2. The offender made, imported or uttered such coins
3. In case of uttering such false or counterfeited coins, he connived with the counterfeiters or importers. Section Four
Falsification of legislative, public, commercial, and private documents, and wireless, telegraph, and telephone
message.
ARTICLE 164 - Mutilation of coins; Importation and utterance of mutilated coins
ACTS PUNISHED 5 classes of falsification:
1. Mutilating coins of the legal currency, with further requirement of intent to damage or defraud another. 1. Falsification of legislative documents
2. Importing or uttering such mutilated coins 2. Falsification of a document by a public officer, employee, or notary public
- With further requirement that there must be connivance with the mutilator or importer in case of 3. Falsification of a public or official, or commercial document by a private individual
uttering. 4. Falsification of a private document by any person
5. Falsification of wireless, telegraph, and telephone messages
ARTICLE 165 - Selling of false or mutilated coin, without connivance.
ACTS PUNISHED ARTICLE 170 - Falsification of legislative documents
1. Possession of the coin, counterfeited or mutilated by another person, with intent to utter the same, Elements
knowing that it was false or mutilated. 1. There is a bill, resolution, or ordinance enacted or approved or pending approval by either House of
Elements the Legislature or any provincial board or municipal council
a. Possession 2. The offender alters the same
b. With intent to utter 3. The offender had no proper authority
c. Knowledge 4. The alteration has changed the meaning of the document

2. Actually uttering such false or mutilated coin, knowing the same to be false or mutilated. Note: Although the provision does not seem to cover those passed by the city council, such issuances
Elements are deemed included. The words municipal council should include city council or municipal board.
a. Knowledge
b. Actually uttering
ARTICLE 171 - Falsification by public officer, employee or notary or ecclesiastic minister.
Elements
Section Three 1. The offender is a:
Forging treasury or bank notes, obligations and securities; importing and uttering false or forged notes, a. Public officer
obligations and securities b. Public employee
c. Notary public
ARTICLE 166 - Forging treasury or bank notes on other documents payable to bearer; importing, and uttering
such false or forged notes and documents.
ACTS PENALIZED
1. Forging or falsification of treasury or bank notes or other documents payable to bearer
2. Importation of such false or forged obligations and notes
3. Uttering of such false or forged obligations or notes in connivance with the forgers or importers