Dutta Computer Academy Topic: Networking Mob: 7278081991

IP Address Class
Any Device that uses internet connection needs at least one unique IP Address for each connection.

 IP Address stands for Internet Protocol Address

 IP Address is a 32 Bit Binary number, divided into 4 Octets, with 8 bit per octet.

1st Octet 2nd Octet 3rd Octet 4th Octet

 As it is difficult to remember a 32 bit binary number the IP address is written by converting the
binary number to decimal number.
 Each octet is written as a decimal no ranging from 0 to 255
 Each octet of an IP Address is separated by . (dot)

11000000 . 10101000 . 00100000 . 00001010

192 168 32 10

So, 192.168.32.10 is an example of IP Address

Internet Protocol Versions:

IPV4 IPV6
i. 32 Bit Length i. 128 Bit Length
ii. Represent in Decimal ii. Represent in Hexa Decimal
iii. Widely Used iii. Rarely Used

IP address consists of 2 parts:

i. One part is the network portion of the address. This part consisting of network bits. This is
the left portion of the IP address. It is shared by all devices in a network and this part is a
unique for the entire network. This part called as Network Bit / Network Part / Network ID.
ii. Second part is the host portion of the address. This part consisting of host bits. This is the
right portion of the IP address. It separates different devices which have the same network
bits. This part called as Host Bit / Host Part / Host ID.
iii.
ROUTER

25.0.0.1 25.0.0.2 25.0.0.3 27.0.0.1 27.0.0.2 27.0.0.3

Network 2
Network 1 Same Network Id: 27.0.0.0
Same Network Id: 25.0.0.0

25.0.0.1, 25.0.0.2 that means 1, 2 etc. 27.0.0.1, 27.0.0.2 that means 1, 2 etc.
represents different host bits represents different host bits
Dutta Computer Academy Topic: Networking Mob: 7278081991
Different Classes of IP Address:

1. CLASS A:
 The 1st bit of the 1st Octet always starts with 0.
 Range of 1st Octet is 1 to 127
(00000001 to 01111111)

 Bits in Network ID:- 8

 Bits in Host ID: 24
 Total No of Networks in Class A: 27 – 2 = 126
0XXXXXXX -> that means 1 bit is used to identify the class. So usable
network bit will be 7
 Total no of Hosts in Class A: 224 – 2 = 16777214
 Address Range: 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255
 Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0

Formula:
No of networks in a network: 2 – 2 & No of hosts in a network: 2 host bit – 2
network bit

2. CLASS B:
 The 1st two bits of the 1st Octet always starts with 10.
(10000000 to 10111111)

 Range of 1st Octet is 128 to 191

 Bits in Network ID:- 16
 Bits in Host ID: 16
 Total No of Networks in Class B: 214 – 2 = 16382
10XXXXXX -> that means 2 bit is used to identify the class. So usable
network bit will be 14
 Total no of Hosts in Class B: 216 – 2 = 65534
 Address Range: 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
 Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0
3. CLASS C:
 The 1st three bits of the 1st Octet always starts with 110.
Range of 1st Octet is 192 to 223
(11000000 to 11011111)


 Bits in Network ID:- 24
 Bits in Host ID: 8
 Total No of Networks in Class C: 221 – 2 = 2097150
110XXXXX -> that means 3 bit is used to identify the class. So usable
network bit will be 21
 Total no of Hosts in Class C: 28 – 2 = 254
 Address Range: 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
4. CLASS D: (TESTING PURPOSE ONLY)
 The 1st four bits of the 1st Octet always starts with 1110.
 Range of 1st Octet is 224 to 239
5. CLASS E: (TESTING PURPOSE ONLY)
 The 1st four bits of the 1st Octet always starts with 1111.
 Range of 1st Octet is 240 to 255