Variations in Attributes

Nihal Singh Luthra

​12-B (E2) MM = 20

Q1​. Howard Gardner’s theory of intelligence is known as: (2008) (1 mark)

a. Theory of Primary mental Abilities
b. Theory of Multiple Intelligence
c. Triarchic theory
d. Two Factor theory
A1​. [b] Theory of Multiple Intelligence

Q2​. What is a psychological test? (2008)(2 marks)

A2​. Psychological test is an objective and standardised measure of an individual's
mental or behavioural characteristics. Objective tests have been developed to
measure all the dimensions of psychological attributes (e.g., intelligence, aptitude,
etc.

Q3​. Describe verbal, non-verbal and performance tests. (2008)(3 marks)

A3​.
i. Verbal tests require the responses either orally or in a written form
ii. Non verbal these tests consist of pictures or illustrations as test items this
reduces culture biases.
iii. Performance tests require the subjects to manipulate objects eg: Kohs block
design test.

Q4​. What is contextual intelligence? (2008)(2 marks)

A4​. Contextual or practical intelligence involves the ability to deal with
environmental demands encountered on a daily basis. It may be called 'street
smartness' or 'business sense'.
Q5​. ........................ refers to an individual’s underlying potential for acquiring
skills. (2009)(1 mark)
A5​. Aptitude

Q6​. Explain the variations in intellectual ability of mentally challenged and

intellectually gifted children. (2009)(4 marks)
A6​. On one hand are the gifted and creative persons we discussed briefly earlier.
On the other hand, there are children who face enormous difficulty in learning even
very simple skills. Those children who show intellectual deficiency are termed as
‘mentally challenged’ or ‘mentally retarded’. As a group, there is wide variation
among the mentally deficient or retarded. The American Association on Mental
Deficiency (AAMD) views mental retardation as “ significantly sub-average
general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive
behaviour and manifested during the developmental period”. This definition points
to three basic features. First, in order to be judged as mentally retarded, a person
must show significantly sub-average intellectual functioning. Persons having IQs
below 70 are judged to have sub-average intelligence. The second relates to
deficits in adaptive behaviour. Adaptive behaviour refers to a person’s capacity to
be independent and deal effectively with one’s environment. The third feature is
that the deficits must be observed during the developmental period, that is between
0 and 18 years of age.

Q8​. Information processing approach to intelligence is represented in the: (1 mark)

a. Multiple intelligence theory
b. Triarchic theory
c. One factor theory
d. Two- factor theory 1 (2010)
A8. [b] Triarchic theory

Q9​. What is Emotional Intelligence? (2010)(2 marks)

A9​. Emotional intelligence is a set of skills that underlie accurate appraisal,
expression and regulation of emotions. It is the feeling side of intelligence.
 i. Emotional Quotient (EQ) is used to express emotional intelligence in the
same way as IQ is used to express intelligence.
ii. Salovey and Mayer: The ability to monitor one’s own and other’s emotions,
to discriminate among them and to use the information to guide one’s
thinking and actions.

Q10​. What is creativity? Explain how it is related to intelligence with examples. (4

marks)
A10​. Creativity is the ability to produce ideas, objects, or problems solutions that
are novel, appropriate and useful. Creativity is interrelated to intelligence in the
following ways:
i. Intelligence is a subset of creativity.
ii. Terman found that people with higher IQ were not always creative. The
same time people who had creative ideas were never identified as gifted
throughout their life they Eventually became well known for creativity in a
certain field.
iii. Various researchers have found that both higher and lower levels of
creativity can be found in highly intelligent children as well as children with
average all lower intelligence. The same person can be creative as well as
intelligent but it is not necessary that intelligent people must be creative.