DISSOCIATION BETWEEN

LANGUAGE AND
GENERAL
INTELLIGENCE
Presentation by Mae Angela
Basilan.
 Thinking means paying attention to
information, reasoning about it, and
making judgments and decisions

WHAT IS about it.

Thinking refers to conscious, planned

THINKING? attempts to make sense of and

change the world.
Daydreaming is NOT thinking
because it is not planned.
There are Many Definitions of Intelligence

1. Two Factor Theory-measuring intelligence through cognitive abilities.

Developed by Charles Spearman in 1904
a. First factor is general mental ability (g) which is what different cognitive
tasks have in common. Today this is known as your IQ score.
i. This is generally a good indicator of performance in academic areas
and certain careers.
ii. However it neglects motor, perceptual, musical and creative abilities.

b. Second factor is specific mental abilities (s) such as math, mechanical

ability and verbal skills.
2. Multiple-Intelligence Theory-developed by Howard Gardener, he believes that
standard IQ tests only measure verbal and logical-mathematical intelligence and
neglect other important types of intelligence. The main problem with Gardener's
approach is that there is no one way of measuring the various intelligences. He
argues that there are 9 types of intelligence

1. Verbal
2. Musical
3. Logical-mathematical
4. Spatial
5. Body movement
6. Understanding oneself
7. Understanding others
8. Naturalistic
9. Existential
3. Triarchic Theory-Robert Sternberg defined
intelligence by analyzing three kinds of reasoning
processes that people use in solving problems. The
advantage is that it takes into account "street smarts,"
but not much research has been done because the
theory is relatively new (2003).

Analytical or logical thinking skills measured by

traditional IQ tests.
Use of problem-solving skills that require creative
thinking and the ability to learn from experience
Use of practical thinking skills that help a person
adjust to and cope with their socio-cultural
environment
Measuring
Intelligence Early attempts to measure intelligence
relied upon brain size and academic
performance. This was not a consistent
indicator of intelligence though.

Effective IQ tests must have 2

characteristics,

1. Validity-must measure what it is supposed

to measure
2. Reliability-must be consistent though a
person's lifetime
 MEASURING INTELLIGENCE:
WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE
There are two intelligence scales:
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) which includes
ten sub-tests that examine many facets of the human
intellect, including memory.
The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), which is
given to children ages 6 to 16.

Average intelligence is considered to be an IQ score of 100; In a

normal distribution, the IQ range of one standard deviation
above and below the mean (i.e, between 85 and 115) is where
approximately 68% of all adults would fall.
LANGUAGE
Language is a system of symbols (words) plus
rules that are used to manipulate the symbols.
These symbols (words) represent objects,
events, and ideas.
True language is different from communication
systems used by animals by these properties:

1. Semanticity
2. Infinite creativity
3 Displacement
 LANGUAGE AND LEARNING
CAN WE THINK WITHOUT LANGUAGE?

LINGUISTIC-RELATIVITY HYPOTHESIS (1956) DEVELOPED BY

BENJAMIN WHORF PROPOSED THAT LANGUAGE STRUCTURES THE
WAY WE PERCEIVE THE WORLD.

MODERN RESEARCHERS HAVE LARGELY REJECTED WHORF'S

THEORY, BELIEVING THAT LANGUAGES DIFFER IN WHAT TYPES OF
INFORMATION THEY FORCE THE SPEAKERS TO MENTION WHEN
THEY DESCRIBE THE WORLD, EVENTS, AND ENTITIES.
LEARNING HOW TO USE LANGUAGE

CHILDREN LEARN HOW TO SPEAK THROUGH OBSERVATION AND IMITATION.

PSYCHOLINGUISTIC THEORY PROPOSES THAT LANGUAGE IS LEARNED

THROUGH THE INTERACTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES SUCH AS
PARENTAL SPEECH AND THE INBORN TENDENCY TO ACQUIRE LANGUAGE.

LANGUAGE LEARNING'S MOST SENSITIVE PERIOD BEGINS BETWEEN 18 AND

24 MONTHS AND LASTS UNTIL PUBERTY. THIS IS WHEN NEURAL
DEVELOPMENT FOR LANGUAGE IS AT IT'S HEIGHT.
THANK
YOU!